By:

1) Madan gopal.E

2) Ananya Kondiparthy

3) Sathvika Sharma.V

4) Aditya Vangara

5)priyanka

North east india being blessed with nathural resources . It has been experiencing

industrialisation and socio-economic growth but at slower pace.

Agriculture :north east india a has a total geographical area of 18.4 million sq. km and a population of 9.6 million

representing 5.6% and 1.3% of the total area and population of the country, produces a very meagre proportion of food grains

(1.5%). The NorthEastern region falls under the high rainfall zone and the climate ranges from subtropical to alpine. The region is

characterized by difficult terrain, wide variations in slopes and altitudes, land tenure systems and indigenous cultivation practices.

It has a total cropped area of 5.3 million hectares and a population of around 39 million. The region falls under high rainfallzone

and the climate ranges from subtropical to alpine

Being in such a suitable climate for agriculture ,region is lagging in agricultural development contrary

the national ethos. Reasons include a lack of appropriate

strategies for the development of natural resources,

inadequate infrastructure facilities

low adoption of improved technology

growth of sunrise states

agriculture productivity

physical infrastructure

social infrastructure

trade

total:70% of region's population

mizoram:51%

sikkin :89%

Based on this framework, the report tries to give a lowdown

on the development of specific actions and policy

improvements towards corrective measures as follows:

• To enhance the region’s capacity through appropriate

policy framework with an eye on the ASEAN markets

• To highlight the need for infrastructure and capacity

building measures and focus on policies to create

enabling environments for the export market

• To identify potential areas for future investment and

product development based on regional comparative

advantages

The agricultural practices in the region are broadly of three distinct types:-

(I )settled farming practised (ii) shifting cultivation (iii slash and burn method.

The best solutions that could be practised for better productivity of agriculture are:

Pesticide residue management and newer product development.

Improvement of tea, ornamental plants, medicinal plants, forest trees through application of biotechnology.

Post-harvest engineering and technology can help farmers earn more and increase employment.

New genes need to be introduced for increasing total biomass.

To reduce post-harvest losses at production centres low cost eco-friendly on-farm storage structures can play a crucial role

Judicious use of biotechnology tool in crop and livestock improvement

Grassland improvement must be introduced

Alternating crops for escaping pre-monsoon showers

Creating cold storage facilities for perishable commodities

Single window counter for agriculture queries must be opened by government which also helps with toll free numbers

Physical infrastructure

Physical infrastructure make a vital role in the development of the states.the main features in the physical infrastructure include

thefollowing . research of each of these subject would definetly make a change

Lets us discuss about the subjects one by one

1)Roads:

roads

railways

telecommunciations

power

Road is an important mode of travel in the hilly areas as other mode of travel is either too expensive or difficult.

The road infrastructure is relatively deficient in the NER although the region’s road density per capita is significantly higher

as compared to the rest of the country. Given the low density of population and the hilly terrain of the region this is an

expected outcome. The road length per unit area is higher only in Nagaland, Assam, and Tripura

(Length in km)

STATE

SARDP-NE Phase

'A'

Arunachal

Pradesh Package

of Roads and

Highways

SARDP-NE Phase

'B' Grand Total

NHs SR/GS Total NH SR/GS/

Strtg Total NH

SR/GS/

Strtg Total NH

SR/GS/

Strtg Total

Arunachal

Pradesh 52 212 264 1346 835 2181 0 931 931 1398 1978 3376

Assam 1179 177 1356 126 12 138 0 285 285 1305 474 1779

Manipur 39 166 205 0 0 0 0 202 202 39 368 407

Meghalaya 259 526 785 0 0 0 161 201 362 420 727 1147

Mizoram 221 100 321 0 0 0 416 272 688 637 372 1009

Nagaland 81 350 431 0 0 0 622 169 791 703 519 1222

Sikkim 80 505 585 0 0 0 0 68 68 80 573 653

Tripura 130 22 152 0 0 0 86 310 396 216 332 548

Total 2041 2058 4099 1472 847 2319 1285 2438 3723 4798 5343 10141

The statistics shown beside is the state wise

length distribution under SARDP-NE

The total length of roads in all the

seven state combined is 10141.

Hypothesis: 137,712 km is the total india netwok roads..so calculation %=137712/10141=13%.there is a urgent need for improvement of roads

Manipur has the least number of

roads, so more money should be

allocated to Manipur

Assam has the highest number of

roads , good trade prospective and

business management could be

proceeded

The government is taking up these

projects under 1. National Highway

Development Programme (NHDP)-

II proposes to link the east-west

corridor beginning at

Porbandar, Gujarat to the NE through

a 678 km four-lane

highway connecting Silchar to

Srirampur via LumdingDaboka-

Nagaon-Guwahati in Assam. This has

been

entrusted to the NHAI under the

NHDP phase-II.

2. NHDP-III proposes to widen 1,051

km stretches of various

NHs to improve connectivity of state

capital towns.

Major Road Development Programs in North East Region

LEGEND :-

1. Arunachal Package

2. SARDP NE, Phase- A

3. SARDP NE, Phase- B

4. East West Corridor

5. NH/Roads (In-Progress under SARDP-NE )

6. Completed stretches)

NH Network

with PWD

with BRO

NH yet to be Entrusted

TawangVijaynagar

Panchao

Golaghat

Chandel

Tura

Lunglei

Seling

Champai

Palel

Peren

Kailasahar

Seppa

Balipara

Koloriang

Yingkiong

Pasighat

Anini

HawaiAlong

Ziro

Bishing

Jido

Singa

Sarkam Point

Jorging

Rowta

Maram

Theriat

Tuipang

Saiha

Ukhrul

Mokokchung

Migging

Bile

Tato

Taliha

Pango

AIZAWL

Mangan

Sivoke

Baghmara

SIKKIM

MIZORAM

NAGALAND

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

CHINA

BHUTAN

BANGLADESH

MYANMAR

Mahadevpur

NATHULA

Srirampur

Silchar

GUWAHATI

IMPHAL

GANGTOK

ITANAGAR

AGARTALA

AIZAWL

MEGHALAYA

Boxirhat

Pangsu Pass

Jhanji

Dimapur

Tuensang

Moreh

Sabroom

150

31C

155

Daboka

Paikan

31A

54B

54A

Roing

Barapani

Namchik

61

Nagaon

Dhola

Makum

Bimlapur

52B

52B

Dhubri

Kokrajhar Barpeta

BaskaUdalguri

Morigaon

Diphu

Tamenglong

Lumla

Tashigaon

Silghat

Longleng

Mon

Zunheboto

Zhamai

Goalpara

BaihataCharali

Dudhnai

Dalu

Gyalshing

Namchi

Melli

Singtam

`

Yupia

Road serving Kaladan Project

Daporijo

Bame

TezpurNumaligarh

Merangkong

Kanubari

Mawthabah

Chaigaon

ASSAM

Demagiri

TRIPURA

Manu

JowaiBypass

ShillongBypass

SilcharBypass

Haflong

Nongstoin

DibrugarhBypass

Athibung

Khelema

62

51

31

3637

37

61

39

54

39

40

44

5339

54

44

44

155

151

150

152

229 52

52

52

37

229

38153

44E

SHILLONG

44A

150

Nechipu

Hoj

Potin

Pahumara

Lumding

KhonsaChanglang

Sadia

NorthLakhimpur

Jonai

KOHIMA

154

54

54

37

Kumarghat

Wakhaji

Pangin

Akajan

Jorabat

Wokha

Kukital

Phek

Williamnagar

Rangpo

Bagdogra

Silliguri

Naya Bazar

Chalsa

WESTBENGAL

Bogibeel bridge with NHAI

Menla

Jaldhaka

31

Ranipul

CHINA

Shankshak

Tengnoupal

Yaingpokpi

MANIPUR

31B

37

62

40 40

36

37A

52A

52A

52

52

52B

150

53Badarpur

Jiribam

3654

153

Km 95 – 118 of NH 54

Km 10 – 18 of

NH 154

Boko

Mawshynrut

`

7

The solutions for the reasons

delay in progress:

Forest clearance is the main

problem as most of the region is

under the forest cover. We

shouldn’t go for deforestation as

it may have may effects like

climate imbalance, global

warming ,soil erosion, floods

,etc.

So we should have sustainable

consumer options and the

corporate should plan

infrastructure with no forest

limits.

Law and order-should short term

policies which would be not delay

the progress

The contractors –well that slide

is taking from the government site

in which contractors “ran away” :P.

the solution is simple- the private

companies should be given contracts

rather than a individual.

The infrastructure should be

given to engineers who could plan

the infrastructure in creative,

economic and innovative manner.

The government should allot

necessary funds in developing the

states.

More roads and railways should

be build for better connectivity of

trade

Railways : Railways are the best mode of mass transportation in the country. However, in the hilly terrains of the NER it is difficult

and expensive to setup rail networks. This accounts for the absence or nominal presence of railway lines in hilly states

like Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya and Mizoram. The objectives for railways in north east are:

the Rail Budget 2012-13, a survey for railway electrification project has been sanctioned for Assam. It also envisaged

bringing the northern banks of the Brahmaputra river under rail connectivity. Tripura is another state in the NER where

development of railway infrastructure is picking up well. From 2000 to 2010, the length of railway route in Tripura has

increased from 41 km to 152 km. There are three major railway stations located in Dharmanagar, Agartala and Kumarghat.

The government has proposed a 14 km metre gauge railway line between Agartala (Tripura) and Akhaura (Bangladesh). In

addition, there is a proposed railway-link to be developed between Agartala and Sabroom, covering 110 km and expected to

be complete by 2014.In Arunachal, the nearest railway station is location at Harmoti in Assam 33 km from Itanagar. The

major functional rail head linking Manipur with the rest of India is at Dimapur (Nagaland), 215 km away from Imphal.

However, a railway line from Jiribam (on the Manipur-Assam border) is under construction as a national priority project. It is

expected to connect Imphal with the rest of India by 2016. New railway lines on Azra-Byrnihat, Dudnoi-Mehendipather and

ByrnihatShillong routes in Meghalaya are under construction. The construction of the extension of a vital broad gauge rail

link between Bairabi rail terminus on the Mizoram-Assam border and Sairang, a village 20 km west of Aizawl, is in progress.

Year Length

of BG

Route

Length

of MG

Route

Length

of NG

Route

Total

1990 772.47 2986.56 87.48 3846.51

2010 2775.72 1389.80 87.48 4253.00

2020 5806.14 50* 87.48* 5943.62

The table shown beside is the total length of railway line in the year 1990,2010 and the expected number of railway lines in the year 2020.

• The railway investment in NE region : Outlay -13 – Rs. 2333 crores for NE Region out of Total Budget Outlay of Rs 9875 cr. for

entire Indian Railways for NL, GC & Doubling Projects i.e. 23.62% of Railways Investment Budget.

•

• The ongoing railway projects in north east india

Funding for railway projects

“Non-lapsable Rail Development Fund for National Projects of NE Region” has been approved by Cabinet

Committee on Infrastructure. Contribution to this Fund is 25% through Railway’s gross budgetary support and 75% as

additionality by Ministry of Finance

As per the policy of the government, 10% of net budgetary support is to be spent in the region

597.01

840.85978.95

1398.09

1870

2196.9

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Rs. Cr.

Rs. Cr.

Rs

. cr.

Years

3) power :

The region is endowed with perennial rivers and water bodies, therefore, it has a huge hydroelectricity potential.

This potential, if tapped well, can be used to export power to other regions of the country. The spill-over benefits will be the

development of infrastructure such as roads, communications, and electricity supply to remote hilly areas, resulting in

better quality of life. States such as Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Meghalaya have huge potential in hydropower

generation.

(All figures in MW)

The table shows the installed thermal power capacity in the north eastern

region.

Many policies such as the ‘50,000MW hydro initiative’, the Hydro

Policy 2008 have been formulated by the central government to

promote investment in hydropower in the region. Under the

Mega Power Policy, the qualifying threshold capacity for setting

up hydropower plants in the region and for availing the special

benefits thereof is 350 MW, whereas for the rest of the country, it

is 500 MW.Under the Hydro Policy 2008 the project developers in

the central and state sector can explore the possibility of foreign

assistance to finance their projects. This assistance is already

being utilised by NEEPCO for Pare Hydro Electric Project and

MeSEB for Renovation and Modernisation

• According to an official document of NEEPCO, the hydro-power of the north eastern

region is estimated at about 58,971 MW.

• 19 power projects, including twelve 3,918 MW capacity hydel power projects and

four thermal power projects with installed capacity of 5,595 MW, are under progress

• The power plants either being set up or would be set up are in Arunachal Pradesh,

Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Mizoram and Tripura

STATE THERMAL

Assam 635.19

Arunachal Pradesh 15.88

Meghalaya 2.05

Tripura 237.35

Manipur 81.41

Nagaland 2

Mizoram 51.86

Total (NER) 1025.74

Sikkim 5

TOTAL (NER+SIKKIM) 1030.74

Weaknesses

Lack of Physical infrastructure

Inclement weather and difficult terrain

Non-availability of accurate hydrological data

Problems in Land acquisition and clearance

Opportunities

Encouraging response of private sector players

Huge hydro potential of the order of 63000MW

Huge Demand deficit in india provides export

Threats

Border issues disputes, riparian rights (intra state as well as international)

Insurgency and Law and and orders issues

Recommendations:

• Government should take up the development of Assam and Meghalaya

• The issue of gas availability and pricing may be appropriately addressed for

exploiting the substantial gas reserves in the Region for power generation attention

should be given to inland water routes as a method of connectivity

• In planning road networks under SARDP particular attention should be given to

roads, bridges and underpasses with adequate design capacity considering

transportation of heavy ODCs to power projects

Waterways:

DEVELOPMENT OF WATER WAYS

1. Fairway with least available depth of 2.5 metre being maintained between Dhubri and Neamati (630 km)

2. Aids for 24 hrs navigation

3. Terminals with cargo handling equipment and Road- Rail link

4. 24 hrs navigation aids in 440 km (Dhubri- Silghat), which can be extended to entire waterway depending on necessity

5. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) station that provide safe navigation for Inland vessels using electronic

navigational charts set up at Jogighopa. Works nearing completion at Silghat and Dibrugarh. Another station proposed at Dhubri.

6. IWT Port at Pandu, Guwahati has been developed by IWAI as a hub for multimodal connectivity in the North-East region by

investing Rs. 100 Cr.

7. Floating terminals at Dhubri, Jogighopa, Tejpur, Silghat, Neamati, Bogibil (north & south banks), Dibrugarh, Panbari & Orium

ghat being maintained with pontoon and gangway

8. Critical deficiency - Absence of vessel Repair Facility. Assam Govt’s partially completed slipway at Pandu, Guwahati is being

proposed to be completed as joint project of IWAI, Assam Government & Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd (PSU under

M/o Defenc

Other Potential Feeder Waterways in NER

Assam 7 river stretches 405 km

Arunachal Pradesh 4 river stretches 311 km

Mizoram 3 river stretches 370 km

Meghalaya 3 river stretches 90km

Tripura 2 river stretches 126 km

Nagaland 3 river stretches 204 km

Manipur 1 stretch 60 km

Total 23 stretches 1566 km

Telecommunication

As on Assam North East All India

March 2006 5.67% 6.78% 12.74%

March 2007 9.74% 12.44% 18.22%

March 2008 14.74% 19.32% 26.22%

March 2009 20.65% 28.59% 36.98%

March 2010 29.99% 43.22% 52.74%

March 2011 38.98% 56.50% 70.89%

January 2012 46.07% 63.81% 77.57%

Shared Mobile Infrastructure Scheme

1. Purpose - Setting up and managing infrastructure sites for provision of mobile services in rural and

remote areas without existing fixed wireless/ mobile coverage

2. Habitations of more than 2000 covered

Status as on 31.03.2012 – 527/574 towers have been set up in NE Region

conclusion Institutional change supporting economic enhancement and growth at a social level requires economic incentives, supported by

political will. With India moving into a new era of economic liberation, the region should not be left out. The framework for

development of the region can be broadly based upon four vital components. The first component of this development plan should be

social empowerment. It needs to empower rural communities, create sustainable institutions so that they manage common activities

around microfinance, livelihoods and natural resource management. The second component needs to be economic empowerment. The

objective of this component should ideally be to develop the capacity of rural communities to plan and manage funds for various

economic initiatives and common activities for the public. The third component will be partnership development. The objective of this

component should be to partner with various service providers, resource institutions and public and private sector organisations to

bring resources such as finance, technology, and marketing into the project so that the community groups are able to improve their

livelihoods. The fourth and final component will be project management. This will facilitate various governance, implementation, co-

ordination, learning and quality enhancement efforts in the project.Thus, with some of the changes tha tthis paper attempts to

deliberate upon, a process could be set in motion that could support the north east in its endeavor to contribute to the economic

resurgence of the home region as well as to the development of the rest of the country. It is vital that this process includes mechanisms

for equitably sharing the benefits to be derived from development and focusses not only on the big-ticket items that support broad-

based, long-term growth, but also on those complementary activities that have immediate impact on poverty reduction

References: By:

1)Indiancag-resources

2)ministry of development of northeast region

3) pppinindia.com/states_assam_infrastructure.php

4) www.slideshare.net/guptakshitij/north-east-india

5)www.pwc.in/en_IN/in/assets/pdfs/.../north-east_summit-2013.pdf

6)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Eastern_Council

7)journal.asci.org.in/Vol...08)/37_2_2008_SHRIVASTAV%20P%20P.pdf