The Canadian Science and Applications Plan The Canadian Science and Applications Plan for SMAP for SMAP

Stéphane BélairScience and Technology Branch,

Environment Canada

24-29 July 2011, IGARSS, Vancouver, Canada

Canadian science teamA. Berg, University of GuelphM. Bernier, INRS-ETEJ. Chen, University of TorontoR. Magagi, University of SherbrookeH. McNairn, AAFCB. Toth, EC/MSCA. Walker, EC/CRD

SMAP SDT team

D. Entekhabi, MITT. Jackson, USDAE. Njoku, JPLP. O’Neill, NASA/GSFCK. McDonald, CCNY and JPL

Canadian Space AgencyM. BergeronP. BriandT. Piekutowski

SOIL MOISTURE and NUMERICAL PREDICTIONS...THE FAMOUS “HOT DOME” of LAST WEEK...

Near-surface soil moisture (MSC analysis)

Near-surface air temperature(forecast)

Valid Thursday 21 July 2011

at 1900 UTC

SOIL MOISTURE and CATASTROPHIC DROUGHTSTHE TRAGEDY in EAST AFRICA

Somalia andEthiopia

Near-surface soil moisture (MSC analysis)

Valid Friday 22 July 2011

SMAP in CANADA Active participation in NASA’s Hydros mission from 2001 to 2005

It has been recognized that SMAP will benefit several sectors of Canada’s society and economy through improved services related to: air quality, agriculture, drought and flood monitoring, climate, health, hydrology, and weather.

Environment Canada, in collaboraiton with the Canadian Space Agency, has been developing a Canadian Science and Applications Plan for SMAP.

Two workshops were held (2009 and 2010) to complete and refine this plan with Canadian science team.

OBJECTIVES of the CANADIAN SMAP PROJECT

Contribute to the calibration / validation of SMAP soil moisture and freeze/thaw products by acquiring and processing experimental data over Canada. 

Improve the representation of the energy, water, and carbon cycles in Canadian environmental analysis and prediction systems, using SMAP soil moisture and freeze/thaw data.

Validation sites

Field campaigns

Soil moisture and FT retrieval

Land data assimilation

Terrestrial ecosystem modeling

Impacts, products, operations

VALIDATION SITES (soil moisture)

Southern Ontario agricultural SM network

Saskatchewan low and high-density SM networks

Red River (Manitoba) SM network

University of Guelph (A. Berg)15 stations, 60km x 60km areaSoil moisture at 5, 20, and 50cm

University of Guelph (A. Berg) and EC (B. Toth)16 stations, 60km x 60km area for low-res24 stations, 10km x 10km area for high-resSoil moisture at 5, 20, and 50cm

Incremental implementation by AAFCBrunkild sub-watershed selected (60km x 10km)One of GEO JECAM international super sitesInstallation of 9 stations in 2011 Each station with 12 Hydra Probes 3 replicates and 4 depths (5, 20, 50, and 100cm)

VALIDATION SITES (carbon and freeze/thaw)

Boreal forest sites in Saskatchewan (BERMS)

Cooperative venture between EC, CFS, and Parks Canada.Useful for SM, FT, and carbon fluxes (towers).

Northern Quebec FT network

Part of the ‘Centre d’Études Nordiques’ (CEN)Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS-ETE): Monique Bernier 5 weather stations10 soil temperature sitesNumber of sites will be increased (and will also include soil moisture measurements)

FIELD CAMPAIGNS: CanEx-SM10

PERIOD

SITES

EXPERIMENTAL STRATEGY

PARTNERS / INVESTIGATORS

May 31st to June 17th, 2010

Agricultural site at KenastonBoreal forest site at BERMS

Satellite: SMOS, RADARSAT2, ASAR-Envisat, ALOS-PALSAR

Aircrafts: EC MW radiometers (including L-band) and NASA’s UAVSAR

Ground networks at KEN and BERMS

Field-phase ground measurements

University of Sherbrooke, Guelph University, University of Michigan, EC (MRD / CRD / HAL), AAFC, USDA, NASA (GSFC), JPL, NRC, CSA

FIELD CAMPAIGNS: CanEx-SM10: SOME RESULTS

(from Magagi et al. 2011, submitted)

TbH, L-band, 40o June 13th, 2011

(courtesy of R. Magagi)

(courtesy of I.E. Mladenova)

L-band backscatter, UAVSARJune 2nd, 2011

SMOS pixel

SM

TB

Possibility of another soil moisture pre-launch and post-launch field campaigns.

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, and APPLICATIONS

ATMOSPHERIC FORCING

GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS / SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS

NWP Anal / SR forecasts

GEM-Surface

Assimilation(EnKF)

OBS

SMAP

First Guess

LAND SURFACESTATE and DIAGNOSTICSfor other clients-- 3D atmos. models-- hydrology-- climate

Ecosystem model

First Guess

Assimilation(EnKF)

OBS

MODIS

SOIL MOISTURESurface tempsSnow

CO2 fluxesNEE, NEP, gs

LAI

NWP Anal / SR forecasts

Energy and water cycles diagnostics

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, and APPLICATIONS

SOIL MOISTURESurface tempsSnow

ATMOSPHERIC FORCING

GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS / SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS

NWP Anal / SR forecasts

GEM-Surface

Assimilation(EnKF)

OBS

SMAP

First Guess

LAND SURFACESTATE and DIAGNOSTICSfor other clients-- 3D atmos. models-- hydrology-- climate

Ecosystem model

First Guess

Assimilation(EnKF)

OBS

MODIS

CO2 fluxesNEE, NEP, gs

LAI

NWP Anal / SR forecasts

Energy and water cycles diagnostics

SM retrievals(Sherbrooke, AAFC)

FT retrievals(INRS-ETE, EC/CRD)

Ecosystem modeling (Toronto, EC/CRD, EC/MRD)

CaLDAS (EC/MRD)(Guelph)

Impacts, products, operations(EC/MRD, MSC)

ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT / EVALUATION

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5a) SMOS ID GRID 147226 (6AM)

In-situ soil moisture (m³/m³)

SM

OS

soi

l moi

stur

e (m

³/m

³) bias=-0.15std=0.06RMSE=0.17

A) Universities (Sherbrooke, Guelph)

Synergistic approach including passive (SMOS, SMAP), active (ALOS, ASAR-Envisat, RADARSAT-2, SMAP).

Account for strengths and weaknesses of each type of data to develop an optimal soil moisture retrieval method

- model for passive L-band, with crop parameters (roughness, water content, height) from RADARSAT-2 and forest parameters from ALOS/PALSAR.

During CanEx(Magagi et al. 2011)

RSAT-2

B) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Focus on developing a robust method to estimate soil moisture based on active measurements (RADARSAT-2, SMAP), using the IEM model.

Adapt method for estimating residue type and cover from SPOT / Landsat to wide swath AWIFS

Develop method to identify when tillage occurs using active radar.

(Magagi, Berg, McNairn)

CANADIAN LAND DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM: SYNTHETIC L-BAND PASSIVESYNTHETIC Tb L-band (H-pol) at 40o (K)

Synthetic L-band TBs from 1km nature/reality run

Average at 40km and perturbed

Assimilated in CaLDAS

Comparison against “reality”

Useful for setting up CaLDAS configurations

CANADIAN LAND DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM: SYNTHETIC L-BAND PASSIVESYNTHETIC Tb L-band (H-pol) at 40o (K)

The PLAN:

High-res EnKF (possibly incremental)

Surface stations (Tair, Td, snow)

L-band passive and active for soil moisture (SMOS, SMAP)

MW for snow depth (AMSR-E, GlobSnow products)

Vegetation parameters from terrestrial ecosystem models (BIOME-BGC, BEPS) and remote sensing (MODIS)

CANADIAN PRODUCTS and OTHER ASPECTS

a) Operational products (EC/MSC)

b) Outreach effort...

c) Northern Ground Station (NGS) in Canadian Arctic region (above 65oN)