Interlinking rivers 5 - Interlinking Indian Rivers - Short Presentation 4 - PC and FPC in Reticular Canal Systems (Refer Chapter 12.3)

Section 5:Reticular canal system for interlinking Indian rivers;

Chapter 12: Primary canal and Flat canal system in RCS.

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Topic series: 427.Topic 1: Flat canal system.

Flat canal system: It is the canal where the starting and ending of the canal are at the same level. Water entering or exiting from the canal will alter the level of water in the canal. We may be creating the flat primary canal of the size of 200 mts of breadth and 25 mts of the depth, with the water fill able depth of 20mts, with this each kilometer of FPC will be able to accommodate 0.144 TMC of water.

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FPC: Length, Size and Capacity.Dimension of one Km of actual FPC: L×H×B=1000mts×25mts×200mtsDimension of one Km of fill able FPC: L×H×B=1000mts×20mts×200mts=3300feets×66feets×660feets=143748000 cubic feet. (Fourteen crore thirty seven lakh forty eight thousand cubic feet) FPC: Length, Size and Capacity.TMC: Thousand million cubic feet.=1,000×10,00,000 cubic feet. =1,000,000,000 cubic feet. (Hundred crore cubic feet)Dimension of one Km of fill able FPC:L×H×B=143748000 cubic feet. So, the capacity of One km of fill able FPC=143748000÷1000000000=0.144TMC. 253

Topic series: 427. Topic 1: Flat canal system.

This is an example for flat canal system.

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Flat canal system needs to get continuous supply of water from the sources where those sources should be able to full fill the water need of the entire nation continuously. For which we need to depend on the water of the continuously flowing rivers like Ganga, Yamuna and Brahmaputra with the water of their tributaries. Some of the methods by which we can bring these water to feed the Flat primary canals are mentioned in the following topics.

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Topic series: 428. Topic 2: RCS of India in the world. RCS of India in the world.

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RCS of India in the world. 257






RCS of India in Himalaya: 260

Topic series: 429. Topic 3: GRE (Ganga River Elevator).

Even though the origin of the River Ganga is at higher level like 7756mts at Gangothri glacier, it becomes as low as 400 to 500 mts AMSL proximal to Hrushikesh. It is not possible to create canal from the higher place keeping in mind to shift the water to south India to feed the drought prone places in the central, northwest and south India. We also know that most of this drought prone area lies below the level of 600 mts AMSL in the central, northwest and south India.

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So, to shift the water of R. Ganaga, we need to go to the point in River Ganga where the level of flow of water higher than 600mts AMSL. Even if we go to the place where the Ganga river is more than 600 mts AMSL, we may not be able to bring the water to the required places of the India because there are Himalayan range of hills present on the south of the R. Ganga, and we need to create a long distance canal for many thousands of kilometres over many hills, which may not be practical.

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So, we need to identify a place in the course of the Ganga river, where we can construct a wall across the river (River elevator / a dam like structure, but it is not the dam) and make the river to fill its water behind it, thus make its top surface to come up, and create the canal from the top and make the water to flow from the top.

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This is the proposed place for Ganga River Elevator, which is at the level of 443 mts AMSL at the banks of river Ganga in this place.

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The place we propose to construct the GRE, is proximal to the place Rishikesh. At this place the river will be flowing in the narrow valley, so that elevating the river, with minimal length of RE, that is less than one kilometre and there will be less water, which stay as the back water in the valley as this entire valley is narrow. There is less population distributed in this place.

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Some of the places which comes on the sides of the GRE back water are the Bagi and Teen dhara.

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The top of the GRE will be at the level of 950 mts AMSL, and the length of the GRE at the top will be 1.69 kms.

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GRE. (Point) (Latitude) (Longitude) Level in meters AMSL

Description.

(GRE ST 950) (30004’1.96”N)(780032’10.41”E) 950 South top

(GRE NT 950) (30004’49”N) (780032’41.89”E) 950 North top

(GRE NB 443) (30004’24.34”N)(780032’25.43”E)

443 North bottom

(GRE SB 443) (30004’22.36”N)(780032’24.06”E)

443 South Bottom

GRE Length: 1.69 kms at the top. Heading 209.81 degrees. GRE is going to receive the water from all the areas where its tributaries are present which drains in to river Ganga above the level of 443 mts AMSL.

GRE (Ganga River Elevator):

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GANGA RIVER ELEVATOR-950-443-950;

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Topic series: 430. Topic 4: The difference between the river elevator and the dam.

River elevator. Dam / Reservoir.It is constructed across the river.

It is also constructed across the river.

Select the place where the river valley is narrowest.

Select the place where the river flows between two hills.

Storing the water is not the purpose.

Storing the water in the rainy seasons to use it in the summer season is the purpose.

The difference between the river elevator and the dam are as follow.

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River elevator. Dam / Reservoir.Since it is the narrow place, minimal water will be stored as the back water.

Place is selected in such a way that sufficient water (Capacity of the reservoir) should be stored in the reservoir, so that more water will be available for usage in summer.

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Topic series: 430. Topic 4: The difference between the river elevator and the dam.River elevator. Dam / Reservoir.The water draining canals begins at the top of the structure / wall / dam like thing. A constant volume of water will be present behind the RE all the time, only the water which fills above the level of the bottom of the draining canal will flow in to the canal.

The water draining canals are at the bottom of the dam, so that all the water which is stored can be utilised and the dam will be made free to accommodate the water in the rainy season again.

The volume of back water will be less.

The volume of the back water is more.

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River elevator. Dam / Reservoir.These types of structures will come in the less populated area.

The back water will occupy the more populated areas and thus impose lot of rehabilitation procedures.

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Topic series: 430. Topic 4: The difference between the river elevator and the dam.River elevator. Dam / Reservoir.Maintenance is easy as it is low pressure system (the water pressure at the top of the structure will be less, if some repair work has to be done for the gate), we can make the level low by allowing the river to flow in its natural path.

Maintenance is difficult as it is high pressure system (the water pressure at the bottom of the structure will be high, if some repair work has to be done for the gate), lot of water will flow if the gate gets damaged and repairing the same is a risky procedure. Sometimes we may have to leave all the water before repairing the gate or need to wait till the summer season comes and the level becomes less naturally.

People are not at risk if the gate gets damaged.

People are risky if the gate gets damaged.

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Topic series: 431. Topic 5: GUC (Ganga Upper Canal) 950-930:

The entire course of GUC (Shown in red line);

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GUC950-930:(Point)(Latitude)(Longitude)

Level in meters AMSL

Description.

(GRE ST 950)/(GUC Start 950)(30004’1.96”N)(780032’10.41”E)

950 South top of the GRE is the point from where the GUC starts

(GUC End 930)(GUT Start 930)(30000’46.62”N)(780021’33.37”E)

930 GUC ends at this point and from where the GUT starts.

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The total length of this Canal Reference Line (CRL) will be 113kms. But with the creation of Direct connector 1 and Canal elevator 1 the length of this GUC becomes 39.5kms. So, we can save about 73 kms of canal creation still it receives the water generated in this catchment area.

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Even though GUC can irrigate the land which is below 900 mts AMSL, but not much agricultural land will be available between the area which is south to river Ganga and north to ‘GUC’, thus GUC will just carry the water till the starting point of ‘GUT’.

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Ganga upper canal:Total length: 113kms.GUC-DC1 length: 0.92kms.GUC-CE1 length: 2.43kms.GUC-DC1 saves: 29kms.GUC-CE1 saves: 47kms. So, the actual length of GUC becomes: 40.35kms.

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Topic series: 432. Topic 6: GUT (Ganga – U – Tube):

This is the starting point of the GUT.

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The starting point of the GUT will be present to the west to the GRE, on the hills which are present south east to the course of the river Ganga.

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The entire course of the GUT, which shift the water of the River Ganga from east 930mts AMSL to west 870mts AMSL of the course of the River Ganga, and traverses beneath the river;

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It ends little north to the place, kishanpur in Uttarakhand.

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The end opening of the GUT is planned in such a way that it ends at the catchment area of the river Yamuna and the water will be flowing in to one of the tributaries of the River Yamuna.

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GUT(Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)


Description.

(GUT Start 930)(30000’46.62”N)(780021’33.37”E)

930 GUT start

(GUT end 870)(300022’39.37”N)(78004’45.55”E)

870 GUT end

GUT Length: 54.88 kms.GUT just acts as the conduct between GUC and YUC, since it is a closed system, it is not going to receive any water, other than the water of the GUC.

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GUT – YUC connector:

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GUT-YUC Connector: (Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)


Description.

(GUT end 870)(300022’39.37”N)(78004’45.55”E)

870 GUT end.

(YUC Start 800)(300023’10.60”N)(78003’40.15”E)

800 YUC start.

Length: 2kms.This directs the water from the end of the GUT to the flat YUC.

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Topic series: 433. Topic 7: YUC (Yamuna Upper Canal):

The gap which is present between the GUC end and the YUT will be filled by the YUC.

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This is the starting point of the YUC.

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This is the entire course of the YUC, which runs on the range of Himalaya hills which are present north to the river Yamuna, traversing across the tributaries which joins the river Yamuna from the north.

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YUC:(Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)


Description.

(YUC Start 800)(300023’10.60”N)(78003’40.15”E)

800 YUC start.

(YUC End 800) (300031’56.67”N) (770035’25.26”E)

800 YUC End

The length of the YUC will be 85.70 kms.YUC will receive the water from all its tributaries of River Yamuna which comes and joins it, above the level of 800 mts AMSL.

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All along the course of the YUC, the water from many tributaries of River Yamuna will fill the water to the YUC, adding to the water of river Ganga flowing from the starting point of the YUC.

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This type of receiving the water from the various tributaries will continue till the end of the YUC and it ends at the southern inclination of shivalic range of hills north to the place Majra and paontosahib.

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YUC – CE 1: (Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)


Description.

(YUC – CE 1 – North 800) (300032’46.77”N) (770040’19.84”E)

800 North end of the YUC – CE 1.

(YUC – CE 1 – South 800) (300032’2.40”N) (770039’3.18”E)

800 South end of the YUC – CE 1.

YUC – CE 1 (Yamuna Upper Canal – Canal Elevator) It is an example to shorten the length of the canal, still it will receive the water from its catchment area.

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Canal elevators are the dam like structures, which are constructed across the tributaries, along the sides of the canal, in such a way that, it receives the water from one end and discharges the water from the other end and vice versa, it is open to receive the water from proximal side. 296


YUC – WE – Sutlej 800 (Yamuna Upper Canal – West Extension to R. Sutlej 800): It is possible to extend the YUC towards west till R. Sutlej or even beyond.

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YUC – WE – Sutlej 800: (Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)


Description.

(YUC End 800) (300031’56.67”N) (770035’25.26”E)

800 YUC End

(YUC WE Sutlej 800) (310018’20.83”N) (770020’15.03”E)

800 YUC can be extended till this point or even beyond if needed.

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It is the starting point of YUT at 800mts AMSL, at the southern decline of the shivalic range of hills of Himalaya north to the place Majra and Poanto sahib.

Topic series: 434 . Topic 8: YUT (Yamuna U Tube).

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It moves between Jagadri and Indri in the west and Behath and shaharan pur in the east. The course of the canal may be made curved to bypass the major city.

Topic series: 434. Topic 8: YUT (Yamuna U Tube).

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The course continues towards the south, between Karnal and Asand on the west and Gangoh and Panipat on the east.


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The lowest point that we come across in course is about 217mts AMSL near Rohtak. The lowest point is placed in such the way that the cleaning maintainace gates at the lowest point will be placed facing west and this water will be flowing towards the west in the Rajasthan.

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YUT Lowest point 217:

S. N.( YUT Lowest point 217) (Latitude) (Longitude)1(YUT Lowest point 217) (280053’18.61”N)

(760043’5.60”E)This is a tentative point. This point may change towards west after doing micro survey, and if the Govt. Of Nepal is accepting to Create the FPC4 at 300mts AMSL, as it is passing through Nepal and we may have to do another U tube for FPC4, close to YUT to by pass this depressed area.


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The lowest point in the course of YUT will be 217mts AMSL, which is east to Rohtac, by going towards the west to Rohtac we will get still lower points like 210 to 200 mts AMSL, which is safer to go for such points so that the cleaning maintainace water will reach the Arabian Sea with ease.


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It is also necessary to reserve the space for the U tube that comes in the course of FPC4, and it will be moving east to YUT.


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Then the YUT will start climbing towards Jaipur hills between Charkidadri and Mahaendragarh on the west and Daola and Rewari on the east.


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YUT ends at the level of 700mts AMSL north to Neem ka tana, in Rajasthan, and discharges its water, which is the water of the river Ganga and Yamuna together.


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We can see the entire course of the YUC, both the straight and curved course, curved course will bypass all the major cities and towns, and the lowest point of the tube will be towards the west inclined land in the state Rajasthan.


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YUT:(Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)

Level in meters AMSL Description.

(YUC End 800) (300031’56.67”N) (770035’25.26”E)

800 YUC End

(YUT End 700) (270049’44.91”N) (750056’23.27”E)

700 Yamuna U Tube ends at this point.

Yamuna U tube length will be 370.00 kms. YUT just acts as the conduct between YUC and FPC1, since it is a closed system, it is not going to receive any water, other than the water of the YUC.

Topic series: 434. Topic 8: YUT (Yamuna U Tube). 309

The place where the YUT ends and the FPC1 begins is shown here.


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The YUT end opening is planned in such a way that, the water from it will fall on the declining surface of the hill, which ultimately will feed one of the water pathways / tributary of the River Yamuna which feeds the River Yamuna from south. We get about 200mts of inclined forceful flow of water in this place and this can be used for Hydro electrical project.


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YUT End 700 – FPC1 Start 500 connector (Yamuna U Tube End 700 to Flat Primary canal 1 start 500 connector):

YUT End 700 – FPC1 Start 500 connector:(Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)


(YUT End 700) (270049’44.91”N) (750056’23.27”E)

700 Yamuna U Tube end.

(FPC 1 Start 500)(270049’51.06”N) (750056’36.71”E)

500 Starting point of Flat Primary Canal 1

The length of the connector will be 0.62 kms. This directs the water from the end of the YUT to the start of FPC1.


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Thus we can bring the water of River Ganga and Yamuna, towards the south, by passing the low lying land between the Himalaya range of hills in the north and Aravalli – Vindya range of hills in the south.


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We can see the various points of FPC1 starting to the ending, and all the points will have the same level, that is 500mts AMSL.

Topic series: 435. Topic 9: FPC1 (Flat Primary Canal 1) 500 Start to end:

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Topic series: 435Topic 9: FPC1 (Flat Primary Canal 1) 500 Start to end:

FPC1 Start to End 500:(Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)


Description.

(FPC 1 Start 500)(270049’51.06”N) (750056’36.71”E)

500 Starting point of Flat Primary Canal 1

(FPC 1 End Chittar 500)(8024’5.56”N)(77030’10.66”E)

500 The ending point of Flat Primary channel 1 at R. Chittar in TN.

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The total length of FPC1 will be 7675.38kms. It has west and east extensions. The length of the west extension will be 967.86 kms and the length of the east extension will be 3889.07kms. Thus the total length of the FPC1 becomes 12532.31kms.

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FPC1 will receive water from the river Ganga, Yamuna, from all the hills like Aravalli range of hills (all around, above the level of 500mts AMSL), vindya range of hills (from north flowing rivers), Mahadeo hills (from east flowing rivers), maikala and ramgarh hills (all around, above the level of 500mts AMSL), dandakaranya (above the level of 500mts AMSL), satpura – sahyadri – balghat – harishchandra - palkonda range of hills, Bangalore platue, nigiri – palani – cardamom hills by the east flowing rivers above the level of 500mts AMSL. 317


This is going to supply water to all the lands of the India, which are less than 500mts AMSL, except, the areas which are north to Ganga and Yamuna river, north eastern states and Jammu & Kashmir.

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FPC 2 Start to End 900:(Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)


Description.

(FPC 2 Start Palar North end 900)(130026’16.11”N) (78001’24.60”E)

900 Starting point of Flat Primary Canal 2 at R. Palar. It is the north end of the FPC2 at Karnataka AP border

(FPC 2 End Palar South end 900)(11053’13.74”N)(77017’41.29”E)

900 The ending point of Flat Primary channel 2 at R. Palar in Karnataka TN border.

The total length of the FPC2 will be 1016.62kms. It receives the water from the western Ghats above the level of 900mts AMSL, and distributes water to the land between 900 to 500mts AMSL, in Bangalore platue.

Topic series: 436Topic 10: FPC 2 (Flat Primary Canal 2) 900 Start to end:

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PC4 Start Kupili 340 to End Amo 250:(Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)


Description.

(PC 4 Start Kupili 340)(250035’23.34”N) (920041’4.06”E)

340 Starting point of Primary Canal 4 at R. Kupili.

(PC 4 End Amo 250)(26053’6.90”N)(89020’4.53”E)

250 The ending point of Primary channel 4 at R. Amo.

PC4 is a declining canal with unidirectional flow of water, from (PC 4 Start Kupili 340) to (PC 4 End Amo 250), which receives the water from the Himalayan range of hill, that is the river Brahmaputra and its tributaries, and will be able to supply water to all the places below the level of the canal.

Topic series: 437Topic 11: PC4 (Primary Canal 4) Start Kupili 340 to end Amo 250:

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FPC4 Start to End 250:(Point)(Lattitude)(Longitude)


(FPC 4 End Amo 250)(26053’6.90”N)(89020’4.53”E)

250 The ending point of Primary channel 4 at R. Amo becomes the starting point of FPC4.

(FPC 4 End Chittar 250)(8024’48.35”N)(77030’39.12”E)

250 The ending point of Flat Primary channel 4 at R. Chittar in TN.

FPC 4 – 250 or 300 or other levels will be decided only after discussing the issue with the government of Nepal, as the south border of Nepal is at the low level, which is less than 100mts AMSL, in most of the south border. Thus have not gone in details of this canal, as its level may change as per the cooperation given by the government of Nepal.

Topic series: 438Topic 12: FPC4 (Flat Primary Canal 4) Start250 to end250:

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GUC DCC 1 (Ganga Upper Canal Direct Canal Connector 1):

Details of DCC, CE of himalaya: Topic series: 439. Topic 13: GUC DCC1 and CE1;

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Details of DCC, CE of himalaya:Topic series: 439. Topic 13: GUC DCC1 and CE1;

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S. N.( GUC DCC 1 point) (Latitude) (Longitude)1(GUC DCC 1 Start 950) (30002’55.56”N)

(780027’42.83”E)2(GUC DCC 1 Peak 1155) (30002’56.28”N)

(780027’29.31”E)3(GUC DCC 1 End 950) (30002’51.14”N)

(780027’9.04”E)The length of this DCC is 0.92 kms, and with this we will save 29 kms of GUC creation.


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DCC (Direct Canal Connectors are nothing but the can which we going to create through some elevated area in between. This is done by calculating the cost involved in creating the long canal versus the DCC. DCC will not reduce the water received by the canal as the rain water ultimately reaches the canal through the intersecting water pathways.

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GUC – CE 1 (Ganga Upper Canal – Canal Elevator 1):


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GUC – CE 1 (Ganga Upper Canal – Canal Elevator 1):

S. N.(GUC – CE 1 point) (Latitude) (Longitude)1(GUC – CE 1Start 950) (30001’29.97”N)

(780027’9.37”E)2(GUC – CE 1 Bottom 575) (30001’8.42”N)

(780026’29.90”E)3(GUC – CE 1 End 950) (30000’47.91”N)

(780025’52.72”E)The length of the GUC – CE 1 is 2.43kms, and with this we can save 47kms of GUC creation.


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GUC – CE 1 (Ganga Upper Canal – Canal Elevator 1): With the GUC – CE, the back water is going to occupy the area below 950mts behind the canal elevator.


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GANGA UPPER CANAL - CANAL ELEVATOR1 shortens the length of creation of the canal.


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GANGA UPPER CANAL - CANAL ELEVATOR1;


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T1 to YUC800:Topic series: 440. Topic 14: YUC 800 Points:

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S. N.(YUC 800 Points) (Latitude) (Longitude)(T1 to Yamuna YUC 800) (300024’57.37”N)

(78000’28.08”E)(T2 to Yamuna YUC 800) (300025’3.90”N)

(770058’22.17”E)(T3 to Yamuna YUC 800) (300025’50.88”N)

(770057’9.43”E)(T4 to Yamuna YUC 800) (300026’48.51”N)

(770054’48.69”E)(T5 to Yamuna YUC 800) (300028’3.77”N)

(770053’29.21”E)(T6 to Yamuna YUC 800) (300030’47.98”N)

(78001’58.56”E)(T7 to Yamuna YUC 800) (300046’39.33”N)

(770041’10.12”E)(T8 to Yamuna YUC 800) (300047’6.71”N)

(770017’32.84”E)

Topic series: 440. Topic 14: YUC 800 Points:336

YUC T6 CE 800 (Yamuna Upper Canal Tributary 6 Canal Elevator):

Topic series: 440. Topic 14: YUC 800 Points:

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S. N.( YUC T6 CE 800 point) (Latitude) (Longitude)1(YUC T6 CE 800 Start) (300031’1.95”N)

(770053’49.64”E)2(YUC T6 CE 535 Bottom) (300031’17.08”N)

(770053’7.91”E)3(YUC T6 CE 800 End) (300031’25.51”N)

(770052’45.23”E)Length 1.87kms


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YUC T7 CE 800 (Yamuna Upper Canal Tributary 7 Canal Elevator):Topic series: 440. Topic 14: YUC 800 Points:

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(770049’38.26”E)2(YUC T7 CE 500 Bottom) (300033’7.33”N)

(770079’19.27”E)3(YUC T7 CE 800 End) (300033’10.30”N)

(770049’3.70”E)Length 0.94kms


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YUC T8 CE 800 (Yamuna Upper Canal Tributary 8 Canal Elevator):Topic series: 440. Topic 14: YUC 800 Points:

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(770040’19.84”E)2(YUC T8 CE 470 Bottom) (300032’29.78”N)

(770039’52.88”E)3(YUC T8 CE 800 End) (300032’2.40”N)

(770039’3.18”E)Length 2.46kms

Topic series: 440. Topic 14: YUC 800 Points: 342

Lengths of GRE – 950 to the FPC1 start, which is the path, where all the elevations and the depressions coming in the path are by passed with suitable methods: The length of this path will be about five to six hundred kilometres.

SN. Description. Length in kms 1. GRE – 950 1.69 2. GUC Start 950 to End 930 40.35 3. GUT Start 930 to End 870 54.90 4. GUT End 870 to YUC Start 800 2.00 5. YUC 800(Flat) 85.70 6. YUT Start 800 to End 700 370.00 7. YUT End 700 to FPC1 Start 500 0.62Total length: 555.26

Topic series: 441 . Topic 15: Lengths of GRE – 950 to the FPC1 start.

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Environment

Interlinking rivers 5 - Interlinking Indian Rivers - Short Presentation 4 - PC and FPC in Reticular Canal Systems (Refer Chapter 12.3)