Download ppt - English for Careers Chapter 3 Writing Complete Sentences

English for Careers

Chapter 3Writing Complete

Sentences

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10th ed. Smith and Moore

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights

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Your goals for Chapter 3: Write complete sentences to achieve clarity and emphasis

Correct fragments, run-ons, and comma splices



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Basic needs of a sentence Identity

Who or what Action

Doing, having, being, helping

IndependenceAble to stand alone



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Identity: The Subject Word(s) that tell who or what the sentence is about

Always a noun or pronoun



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Action: The Verb Word or words that tell what the subject does, has, or is.



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A CLAUSE may be either

Dependent - cannot stand alone and make sense

OR Independent - can stand alone and make sense



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Every sentence must have at least one independent clause.

An independent clause that begins with a capital letter and ends with correct punctuation is a

complete sentence.

The camping trip was fabulous.



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A dependent clause is NOT a complete sentence.

Dependent clauses contain dependent conjunctions, such as after, although, as, because, before, since, until, when, why

After the sunset was gone …



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When a dependent clause is connected to an independent clause, it makes a complete sentence.

Use a dependent conjunction: We threw away the eggs because of the bad taste.

We haven’t eaten since dinner last night.

Let’s make sandwiches before going hiking.



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Incomplete sentences are called FRAGMENTS

A fragment looks like a sentence because it begins with a capital letter and

ends with a period.

Because the sunset was beautiful.



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To correct a sentence fragment

Cross out the dependent conjunction

Beging the next word with a capital letter

Use a closing puncuation mark.

Because The sunset was beautiful.



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A RUN-ON is two independent clauses with no connecting punctuation

We enjoyed sitting around the campfire we could hear the owls.



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A COMMA SPLICE is a run-on with a comma:

We enjoyed sitting around the campfire, we could hear the owls.



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To correct a comma splice or run-on

Connect independent clauses with a semicolon

Connect independent clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunctions

Separate independent clauses with a period and capital letter (making two sentences)



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A semicolon is one correct method of joining two independent clauses

We enjoyed sitting around the campfire; we could hear the owls.



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Another way to join independent clauses is to insert a comma followed by one of the following conjunctions

and, but, or nor, so, yet

We went camping, but the rain ruined our trip.



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Separate independent clauses into two sentences

We went camping. The rain ruined our trip.



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Using transitional words and phrases when you join or separate clauses helps the reader connect ideas.

We went camping; however, the rain ruined our trip.

We went camping. Unfortunately, the rain ruined our trip.



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Let’s review. Are any of the following “sentences” fragments, run-ons, or comma splices?

Jack is very smart he also writes well.

Run-on Although Jack writes well.

Fragment



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Jack is very smart, he writes well.

Comma Splice Jack is very smart, and he is also writes well.

Complete sentence



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CHECKPOINT

Now you know how to: Construct complete and correct sentences

Identify and correct: fragments, run-ons, and comma splices