Reporter News Journal Issue - 50

8/13/2019 Reporter News Journal Issue - 50

1/39


2/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

2

wm0efcHt,f'Dwmopmydkifpdk;

'k- wm0efcHt,f'Dwm Pfvif;udk

rsufESmzHk; ESifhtwGif;'DZdkif;oefhZifatmif(SOLAYTOE)

apmifa& - 1000

wefzdk; - 500 usyf

vdyfpmtrSwf139? 42 vrf;

r[mAEKvvrf;ESifUukefonfvrf;Mum;

AdkvfwaxmifNrd KYe,f? &efukef/

zkef; - 0973040896 ?01-388805

owif;axmufrsm;

Zl;Zl;? rGefrGefausmf? xG,fqef;? aZmfxG#f

jyify owif;axmuf(&efukef)

vQHvif;? bkef;opf? &Jvif;Edkif? udkpH

jyify owif;axmuf(rEav;)cifbkef;a0? ajyndrf;

"mwfyHkynm&Sifrsm;

udkatmif(Flash Memo)

pmjyif

rpdrf;

aMumfjimtzGJYrdk;uvsm? r*Fvmrdk;(rEav;)

pmrsufESmzGJYpnf;rI

EG,feDausmfodef;? eEmodef;0if;

xkwfa0olOD;wifhatmif(NrJ)03824

yHkEdSyfjynfat; pmyHkEdSyfpuf

163?r[mAEKvvrf;?AdkvfwaxmifNrdKYe,f/

awmifolv,form;zGHY NzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwDrSNidrf;csrf;a&;ESifUvufeufvJvS,fa&;tzJGY(KNU/KNLA)udk rsKd;pyg;ydkhay;&ef&Sd

EdkifiHtvdkufpD;yGm;a&;jzpfpOfrsm; avhvmonfh Doing BusinesstpD&ifcHpmwGifjrefrmEdkifiHpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm; yxrqHk;tBudrf xnfhoGif;azmfjyvmurmhbPfWorld bank ESifh

tjynfjynfqdkif&m b@ma&;aumf

ydka&;&Sif;IFC

wdkY yl;wGJjyKpkonfhDoing BusinesstpD&ifcHpmtopfwGifjrefrmEdkifiH&JU pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm; yxrqHk;tBudrftjzpfxnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;aMumif; od&onf/

tpD&ifcHpmwGifjrefrmEdkifiHonfpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;

22 ESpfjynfU txdrf;trSwf EkdA,fvfNidrf;csrf;a&; ausmif;om;vli,fvIyf&Sm;rI10 Dpmtkyfxkwfa0&efukef? 'DZifbm 10

2013 ckESpf? 'DZifbm 10 &ufaeYwGif usa&mufaom 22 ESpfajrmufEkdA,fvfNidrf;csrf;a&;ausmif;om; vli,fvIyf&Sm;rItxdrf;trSwftjzpfxkwfa0onfh10 D&Jabmf

rsm; pkpnf;a&;om;xm;aom pmtkyfrdwfqufyGJudk'DZifbm 10 &ufuOrchid Hotel , City HallwGifjyKvkyfcJhonf/

tqdkygpmtkyfudk 1991 ckESpfu ppftmPm&Sifpepf\ tjyif;xefqHk; zdESdyfrIatmufwGif &Sdaecsdefausmif;om;v li,frsm;taejzifhwufEkdifonfhae&mu &yfwnfaqmif&GufcJhrIrsm;? xdkacwfxdktcsdefuEkdifiHa&;tjrifrsm;? vlrIb0xif[yf

rIrsm;ukdazmfjyonfhtajctaersm;ESifhaxmifwGif;jzwfoef;rIrsm; trSwf

w&jzpfap&ef&nf&G,fxkwfa0&jcif;jzpfaMumif; 10 D ausmif;om;

a[mif;wpfOD;jzpfol OD;aZ,suajymonf/

EkdifiHawmfb@maiGjzifUaqmif&Gufaomvkyfief;rsm;wGifowfrSwfxm;aom pHcsdefpHnTef;rjynfU0ygu ta&;,lae

jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; EkdifiHawmfb@maiGjzifhaqmif&Gufaom vrf;rsm;? wHwm;rsm;? taqmufttHkrsm; ponfwdkYwGifobm0ab;ywf0ef;usiftE&m,frsm;aMumifhr[kwf

bJpHcsdefpHnTef;rjynfh0rIaMumifhowfrSwfoufwrf; rukefrDysufpD;cJhvQifoufqkdif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;tm; jynfolydkifypnf; tvGJoHk;pm;jyKvkyfrIjzifhw&m;pJGqdk ta&;,lvsuf&Sdonf[k&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; tpdk;&tzGJU

pDrHudef;ESifhpD;yGm;a&;0efBuD;OD;oef;jrifhu 'DZifbm 9 &ufwGifjyKvkyf

aom yxrtBudrf&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD; vTwfawmfowryHkrSeftpnf;ta0;wGifajymqdkcJhonf/

tqdkygvrf;rsm;? wHwm;rsm;?taqmufttHkrsm;wGiftrsKd;tpm;

tvdkufcefYrSef;oufwrf;rsm;&SdNyD;vrf;rsm;wGifvnf; uw&mvrf;oufwrf; 10ESpfuGefu&pfvrf;oufwrf; 20ESpfponfjzifhowfrSwfxm;aMumif; ,if;owfrSwfcsufra&muf&SdrD obm0ywf0ef;usiftE&m,frsm;aMumifhr[kwfbJ ysufpD;rIrsm;jzpfay:cJhygu 0efxrf;jzpf

vQif0efxrf;pnf;urf;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;? jynfolydkifypnf; tvGJoHk;pm;rIjzifhvnf;aumif;? w&m;pGJqdkjcif;rsm;txdta&;,laqmif&Gufae

NyD; uefxdkufrsm;jzpfygu ysufpD;

qHk;IH;rIudkif;uefxdkufuyifuscH jyefvnfjyKjyifay;&rnfjzpfNyD;ysufpD;qHk;IH;rItenf;trsm;tvdkufemrnfysufpm&if;oGif;oGm;rnf[kif;u ajymqdkcJhonf/

aZmfxG#f

ausmif;om;or*udkbbwdkYtm;vHk;tjrefay:aygufapcsifygw,f/ tifrwefrSvnf;bJaxmufcHtm;ay;aeygw,f}[k trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfem,uOD;wifOD;uajymonf/

1991 ckESpf? 'DZifbm 10 &uf

wGifa':atmifqef;pkMunfukdurmhNidrf;csrf;a&;EkdA,fvfqkay;vdkufcsdefwGifa':atmifqef;pkMunfonfaetdrftus,fcsKyfcscHxm;&onf/ xdktcsdefwGif&efukefwuodkvf? pufrIwuodkvf? vIdife,fajr? vSnf;wef;vrf;qHk ponfhae&mrsm;wGifausmif;om;vli,frsm;u aemfa0EkdifiH? atmfpvdkNrdKUwGifa':atmif

qef;pkMunftm; EkdA,fvfqkay;aomaeY 'DZifbm 10 &ufudk a&G;cs,fum Nidrf;csrf;a&;EdkA,fvfqk&Sifa':atmifqef;pkMunfvGwfajrmufa&;? zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifudkrif;udkEdkifESifhausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;? EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;tm;vHk; vGwfajrmufa&;?

ausmif;om;or* jyefvnfjzpfay:vma&;? zGJUpnf;cGifh&a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhppftmPm&Siftpdk;&jzKwfcsa&;qdkonfha


3/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

SPEAKER CORNER 3

ajrydkif&Sifrsm; pdwfcsrf;omaprnf

&efukefNrdKYv,fteD;ywf0ef;usifrSajruGufus,fus,fajrydkif&Sifrsm;tcef;ay;? tcef;,lpepf(wdkufcef;^uGef'dk)?PAE pepfaqmufvkyfvdkolrsm; taumif;qHk;eJhtjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;&ef oifhtwGufEdkifiHom;pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&Sifu toifh&SdaeygNyD/ ajrydkif&Sifudk,fwdkif

qufoG,fyg/ (yGJpm;rvdk) qufoG,f&efzkef; - 09-250026593

vlxkacgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pkMunfjynfyodkYxGufcGmonfhtcgwkdif; jynfwGif;ppfyGJrsm; ydkrdkjyif;xefavh&SdonfudkowdjyKrdvmonf/xdkYaMumifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;zmfaqmifonfhtzGJUtpnf;\ tm;omcsuf? tm;enf;csufrsm;udk rsm;mod&Sd&efvkdtyfvmygonf/ xdkvdk

tyfcsufay:rlwnf jynfwGif;Nidrf;rf;a&;udk vm;&maumif;aumif;Of;uyfEkdifrnfht&mrsm;ukdatmuftwdkif; wifjyvdkuf&ygonf/

udk*sm*Gef;

(ucsifNidrf;csrf;a&;uGef&uf)r;- wpfEdkifiHvHk; typftcwf&yfpJ&; oabmwlnDcsufpmcsKyfawGtBudrfBudrfcsKyfqdkcJhw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;&;aqG;aE G;yGJawGvnf; vkyfaew,f/ 'gayrJhatmufajcrSmvnf;wdkufyGJu jzpfaeqJyJqdkawmh typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlnDcsufawGu pm&Gufay:u oabmw&m;rQom jzpfaewmvm;/ ESpfzuftzJGUtpnf;awGtaeeJYb,fvdkajyavsmhawGvdkaevJ/jz- oabmwlnDzdkY0dkif;aqG;aEG;MuwJtcsuftvufyg/ tJ'DtaMumif;t&m tcsuftvufawGu ta&;BuD;qHk; jzpfw,f/ ajymcsifwmu

Nidrf;csrf;a&;\ t"duvdktyfcsuf

jrefrmEdkifiHrSm typftcwf&yfpJa&;oabmwlnDcsufu b,folawGtmrcHrSmvJ/ csKd;azmuf&ifb,folawGta&;,lrSmvJqdkwm 'DuaeYtxdvHk;0udk r&Sdao;bl;/ tJ'DtwGuf ta&;BuD ;qHk;tcsufutypftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlnDcsufudk avhvmapmifh Munf hwJ hvkyfief;pOfudkvuf&SdjrefrmEdkifiH&JUb,fa'orSmrqdkowfowfrSwfrSwftaumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifwmr&Sdao;bl;/ vuf&SdjrefrmEdkifiH&JUNidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifrI? typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlnDcsufu ESpfzuf

ndEIdif;aqG;aEG;wJhtaMumif;t&mvdkYac:w,f/ Mum;0ifaphpyfjzefajzwJhvkyfief;pOfrygbl;/ wdkufyGJjzpfwJh

tzJGUESpfzGJUu oabmwlwmyJjzpfw,f/ b,folrS 'DoabmwlnDcsufudk tmr rcHbl; b,ftcsdefrqdk wdkufyGJqdkwm jzpfEdkifwJhtaetxm;rsKd;jzpfw,fqdkawmh EdkifiHwumrSmqdk&ify#dyujzpfwJhESpfzuftjyi f Mum;0ifaphpyfjzefajzwJ hvlyk*dKvfawGyg0ifw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm vuf&Sdtcsdefxdr&Sdbl;/ wpfEdkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmeJYrypftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyfawmhr,fqdk&if Mum;0ifjzefajzwJhtzGJUtpnf; ygudkyg&awmh

r,f/ t&ifvdkyJESpfzuftzJGUtpnf;yJ vufrSwfxkd;wJh[mrsKd;jzpfvdkYr&awmhbl;/ orwudk,fwdkifyg0ifvm&awmhr,f/ jrefrmE dkif iHuvufeufudkiftzGJUtpnf; wpfzGJUcsif;

eJY tpdk;&eJY awGUqHkaqG;aEG;wJh vkyfief;pOfrSm jynfaxmifpkNidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmi frIvkyfief;aumfrwDu'kwd,orw a'gufwmpdkif;armufcrf;OD;pD;wmjzpfw,f/ OD;atmifrif;u 'Dt&mudk t"duyHkazmfwm jzpfw,f/ wpfEdkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmtypftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyfvm&ifawmhjynfaxmifpkNidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifrI

A[dkaumfrwD yg0ifvm&rSm jzpfw,f/ 'DA[dkaumfrwDrSm orwuOu|tjzpfeJYyg0ifvmawmhrSwdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzGJUtpnf;awG

a&m? jynfolvlxka&m ,HkMunfrIudkwdk;aprSmjzpfw,f/ oabmwlnDcsufudk vdkufemrIu bmaMumifh ysufjy,fvJqdk&if 'DoabmwlnDcsuf

tay:rSm ESpfzuftaeeJYtmrcHcsuf&SdaewJhtaMumif;t&m tm;enf;wJh

tydkif;jzpfw,f/ wpfzufrSmvnf;wu,fyJ'DoabmwlnDcsufawGudkvdkufemaqmif&GufzdkYtwGufudkwm0ef,lay;r,fhvlyk*dKvf? tzGJUtpnf;?wdkif;jynftpdk;& r&SdwJhtwGufaMumifhjzpfaewm jzpfw,f/ t"duawmh

Mum;0ifaphpyfjzefajzwJhvkyfief;pOfr[kwfbJeJYESpfzufndEIdif;ajz&Sif;wJhvkyfief;pOfjzpfaewJhtwGufaMumifhjzpfw,fvdkY ajymcsifw,f/

a'gufwmurfusifh'g;vf

(zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkygwD)wpfEkdifiHvHk; typftcwf&yfpJ

a&;qkdif&m oabmwlpmcsKyfrSm ucsifawGu b,fvdktcsufawGvdkcsifw,f/ b,fvdkyHkpHeJY wyfrawmfudkwm;rSmvJ/ b,fvdka&SUqufrSmvJ/tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;ndEIdif;aewJhtqihfyJ&Sdao;w,f/

vu fr Sw fx dk ;w Jh tqif hu dkra&mufao;bl;/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;pmcsKyfcsKyfr,fqdk&iforwvnf; vufrSwfxdk;&r,f/ vTwfawmfOu|ESpfa,mufvnf; vufrSwfxdk;&r,f/wyfrawmftBuD;tuJvnf; xdk;&r,faygh/ tpkd;&uvnf; 'gudkvdkufvkyfay;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fhNidrf;csrf;a&;vufrSwfxdk;NyD;awmhPoliticalDialoguer&Sdbl;vdkYajym&rSmaygh/

AdkvfcsKyfcifnGefYwkef;u nDvmcHrSmvufeufudk iftz GJYtpnf;aw GuwifjywmawGukdvdkufemjcif;r&SdvdkY

pdwfemw,faygh/ t"dym,fr&Sdbl;aygh/ typftcwf&yfpJa&;qdk&ift"dym,f&SdwJhtcsufawGudkvdkcsifw,f/ 'gudk tpdk;&u rvdkufembl;/ zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'udkwpfckrSrjyifbJeJY Nidrf;csrf;a&;&zdkYvkyfaew,faygh/ wpfaewmu wyfrawmfeJYyJ/ wyfrawmfu tukefvHk;Nidrf;csrf;a&;&zdkYautdkifatu vufeufcsNyD;

wyfrawmf tjzpfoH k;r,faygh/autdkifatu jynfe,fvHkNcHKa&;udkwm0ef,lr,f/ wyfrawmfu EkdifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&;udkwm0ef,lr,faygh/tJvdkyHkpHudkvufeufudkiftzGJUtpnf;awGu vdkcsifw,f/ OD;atmifrif;uvnf; t&ifujzpfcJhovdkucsifwyf?u&ifwyf? csif;wyftJvdkrsKd; udk,fhwyfeJYudk,f jzpfoGm;rSmudk pdk;&drfaew,f/ wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifhawmh&vmrSmyg/ t"duawmhwpfzufeJY

wpfzuf,HkMunfpdwfcsrIr&Sdao;vdkY'DaeYvdkppfyGJawGjzpfaeMuwmaygh/

OD;vSarmifa&T(Myanmar Peace Centre)

orwukd,fwdkifyg0ifwJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;tzGJU zGJYzdkYqkdwm orwuudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfOD;atmifrif;udkcefYtyfxm;NyD;om;jzpfwJhtwGuftzGJUaygif;rsm;pGmESifhvkyfudkifwJhtcg&v'fxGufwJhtay:rSm rlwnf

w,f/ Mum;0ifaphpyfa&;tzGJUawGqdkwmu EkdifiHwum Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJawGrSmvnf; &Sdygw,f/tJ'DtzGJU&SdrS atmifjrifr,fvkdYajymvdkYr&bl;/ zdvpfydkifrSmvnf; vkyfoGm;w,f/ ratmifjrifcJhbl;/ oD&d

vuF mr S mvn f; v ky fw, f/ratmifjrifbl;/ qdkvkdwmu 65 ESpfwmumvrSm yxrqHk; wdkif;&if;om;awGtm;vHk; pkaygif;yg0ifwJhaqG;aEG;ndEIdif;yGJBuD;awGvkyfw,f/tJ'DtwGufESpfzufwdkif;&if;om;rSmem;vnfndEIdif;zdkYu ta&;BuD;w,f/EkdifiHwum tzGJUawGMum;0ifaphpyf

ay;rS atmifjrifrSmr[kwfbl;/ UNu tzGJYawGyg0ifndEIdif;wmawGvnf; &Sdygw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;wJhtcgrSm yHkaoenf;r&Sdbl;/ AESifhBNidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;r,f/CEkdifiHrSm oGm;NyD; aqG;aEG;&wmrsKd;

vnf;&SdwmyJ/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;wJhtcgrSm pdwf&Snfonf;cHrIawGtrsm;BuD;vkdtyfw,f/ w&m;aooGm;wJhyHkaoenf;r&Sdbl;/ qufwdkufqufvkyfoGm;zdkYawmhvdkw,f/ vuf&Sdvkyfaewmu tqufrjywfoGm;zdkYta&;BuD;w,f/

&Dydkwmowif;tzGJU

jrefrmEdkifiHrSm typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlnDcsufub,folawG tmrcHrSmvJ/csKd;azmuf&if b,folawG

ta&;,lrSmvJqdkwm 'DuaeYtxdvHk;0udkr&Sdao;bl;/

&Dydkwmowif;tzGJY


4/39


5/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

COOKING & NEWS 5

pm;p&m

'Dwpf ywfrSm

0ufom;ESifUyJMumqH

cspforD;a&;om;onf

0ufom;ESifUyJMumqHyxrOD;qHk; yJMumqHudk a&aEG;jzifh 10 rdepfcefYpdrfxm;yg/ NyD;rSuwfaMu;jzifh yJMumqHukd

wpf0ufjzwfay;yg/ 0ufom;ukdEkwfEkwfpOf;xm;&rSmyg/ MuufoGefjzLudkvnf; EkwfEkwfpOf;xm;yg/ xdkYaemufikwfyGoD;udk taphxkwfNyD; axmif;yg/ MuufoGefNrdwfukdyg;yg;vSD;yg/ NyD;vQif',ftdk;xJodkYqDxnfhNyD; qDylvQifMuufoGefjzL? ikwfoD;? wkwfyJtrnf;ESpfxnfh qDowfyg/tJ'Daemuf0ufom;xnfhNyD; eDndKa&mifoef;vmonftxdarTay;yg/ NyD;vQifa&? yJiHjym&nf?oMum;? Muufom;rIefY? qef0dkifxnfhNyD; qlatmifwnfyg/ qlvQifyJMumqHxnfhNyD; rD;avQmhuma&crf;onftxdarTay;yg/ (rarTbJxm;ygu [if;tdk;uyfum t&omysufEkdifonf/) a&crf;vQifESrf;qDESifhMuufoGefNrdwfrsm;jzL;ay;jcif;jzifht&om&Sdaom 0ufom;ESifhyJMumqHudkoHk;aqmifEkdifygNyD&Sif/

'Dwpfywf y&dowfBuD;twGuf aemufxyf wifqufay;csifwmuawmh ]0ufom;ESifU yJMumqH} qdkwJU[if;wpfrsKd;yJjzpfygw,f&Sif ...

0ufom;ESifUyJMumqH

0ufom; - 200 *&rf

yJMumqH - 150 *&rf

MuufoGefjzL - 2 rTm

ikwfoD;yG - 2 ck

ESrf;qD - pm;yGJwifZGef; 2 ZGef;

qD - pm;yGJwifZGef; 3 ZGef;

wkwfyJtrnf;ESpf - vufzuf&nfZGef; 1 ZGef;

yJiHjym&nftMunf - pm;yGJwifZGef; 2 ZGef;

oMum; - vufzuf&nfZGef; wpf0uf

wkwfqef0dkif - pm;yGJwifZGef; 1 ZGef;

MuufoGefNrdwf - pm;yGJwifZGef; 2 ZGef;

a& - cGuf0uf

a&Twd*HkapwD&ifjyifawmfay:wGif tifwmeuftcrJUoHk;pGJEkdif

efukef? 'DZifbm 10a&Twd*HkapwD&ifjyifawmfay:

wGiftifwmeuftcrJhoHk;pGJEkdif&eftwGufRedlink Communica-onrS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u a&Twd*HkpwDa*gyutzGJUodkY'DZifbm 6 &ufeYu vSL'gef;cJhonf/

jynfwGif;jynfy bk&m;zl;rsm;ufbfqdkufMunhfIjcif;? azhpfbGwfcf

toHk;jyK yHkrsm;wifjcif; jyKvkyfif&ef&nf&G,f vSL'gef;&jcif;jzpfMumif;? vG,fvifhwul toHk;jyK

Ekdif&efpasswordcHxm;jcif;r&SdbJ 0dkifzdkifpepfjzifhom wyfqifxm;aMumif;? &ifjyifawmfay:wGif24em&D toHk;jyKEkdifrnfjzpfaMumif;RedlinkukrPDrS wm0ef&Sdolu

ajymonf/]tckvdk wyfqifxm;awmht

qifajywmaygh/ "mwfyHkawGcsufcsif;dkufNyD; csufcsif;wifvdkY&oGm;wmaygh}[kbk&m;zl;vmolwpfOD;uajymonf/ a&Twd*HkapwD&ifjyifawmfay:wGifwyfqifcJhaom tifwmeuf

tusOf;usaxmufvSrf;a&;rsm;tm;EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tjzpfvufrcHaMumif; EkdifusOf;tzGJYrSqdk

efukef? 'DZifbm 9

,cifppftmPm&SifvufxufwGifzrf;qD;axmifcsjcif;cH&onfhxmufvSrf;a&;rsm;tm; EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;acgif;pOfjzifhvGwfNidrf;rf;omcGifhjyK&efEkdifiHa&;tusOf;

om; pdppfa&;aumfrwDwGifyg0ifonfh vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpf;\ wifjycsufudkEdkifiHa&;tusOf;

om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJUrSvufrcHy,fcJhaMumif; od&onf/t&yfom;tpdk;&wufvmNyD ;

emuf,cifu ppftmPm&Sifpepfudk awmfvSef&if; 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyGJwGiftusOf;uscJhonfh EkdifiHa&;t

usOf;om;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk,cktcg tokwfvdkufcGJ EkdifiHawmfrSvGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhjyKNyD; tusOf;xmiftoD;oD;rSjyefvnfvTwfay;vsuf&Sd&mwGifEkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;ppfa&;aumfrwDwGifyg0ifolvTwfwmfukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;u ,cifpftpdk;&vufxuftusOf;uscJh

onfhaxmufvSrf;a&;rsm;tm; EkdifiH&;tusOf;om;rsm;taeESifhtodtwfjyKNyD;jyefvnfvTwfay;&efawmif;

qdkrItay: EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;[mif;rsm;tzGJUuefYuGufxm;aMumif;od&onf/

EkdifiHa&; tusOf;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJUrSb@ma&;rSL;OD;jrifhatmifujymMum;&mwGifrdrdwdkYEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;a[mif;rsm;&JU oabmxm;u &Sif;ygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH 'Drdkua&pDeJY vlYtcGifhta&;udk vIyf&Sm;wdkufyGJ0if&if; tusOf;uscH&wJholwGukdEkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tjzpf

todtrSwfjyKygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYEkdifiHwifrubl; urmhEkdifiHawGrSm

vnf; tmPm&SifEkdifiHawGudkMunhfr,fqkd&if olwdkYtac: secretpolicevdkYac:wJh vQKdU0Sufaxmuf

vSrf;a&;vdkYac:wJh tzGJUtpnf;udkzGJUpnf;NyD;awmh tJ'DtmPm&SifawGwnfNrJa&;ukdaqmif&GufMuwmudkawGU&rSmjzpfygw,f/ t"dutmPm&Sifrsm;&JU ausmdk;axmufwdkif[m

tJ'DvQKdU0SufaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJU tpnf;rsm;jzpfygw,f/ ,aeYtusOf;axmifxJrSm a&mufaewJh axmuf

vSrf;a&;tzGJU0ifa[mif;awGtaeeJYywfoufvkdY uRefawmfwdkYu &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;yJajymxm;ygw,f/ ol

wdkYudkvTwfwmeJYywfoufvdkY ruefYuGufygbl;/ 'gayr,fhEkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;acgif;pOfwyfNyD;awmhvTwfwmrsKd;awmhvHk;0vufrcHEkdifygbl;/olwdkYu aemufqHk;zrf;qD;cH&wJh

tcsdeftxduRefawmfwdkY&JU 'Drdkua&pDeJYvlYtcGifhta&;&&SdzdkY wdkufyGJ0ifaewJhvlawGukdzdESdyfzrf;qD; nOf;yef;wJhwm0efudk xrf;aqmif&if;eJY zrf;qD;cH&olawGjzpfygw,f/ 'Drdkua&pDeJY vlYtcGifhta&;&zdkYtwGufolwdkYwpfpHkwpf&mvkyfaqmifcJhwm rawGU&ygbl;/ vGefcJhwJh1988 ckESpfuae

NyD;awmh olwdkYtzrf;cH&wJh tcsdeftxduRefawmfwdkY 'Drdkua&pDeJY vlYtcGifhta&;vIyf&Sm;wJh &Jabmfaygif;rsm;pGm zrf;qD;EdSyfpufjcif;cHcJh&ygw,f/ olwdkYudkaxmufvSrf;a&;u

jyif;jyif;xefxefESdyfpufcJhygw,f/tusOf;usoGm;wJh &Jabmf&JbufawG&JU rdom;pkawGukdolwdkYaexdkif&m vlrIywf0ef;usifrSm cGJjcm;quf

qHEkdifzdkYwGufolwkdY&JUtmPmeJYvkyfaqmifcJhwmawG&Sdygw,f/ txl;ojzifh vlYtcGifhta&;udk csKd;azmufcJhwJhtxJrS m axmufvSrf;a&;uxdyfqHk;uygygw,f/ vlYtcGifhta&;udkcsKd;azmufcJhwJh vlawGudk uRefawmfwdkYu EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tjzpfowfrSwfvdkYr&ygbl;}[kqdkonf

vuf&Sdjzpfay:aeonfh tajctaetm; EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJUrS uefYuGufaMumif; aMunmcsufudkrMumrDxkwfjyefrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/

'J'D-Free Wings

jrefEIef;rSm Band witch 20 MHzjzpfaMumif; od&onf/

tqdkukrPDonf2012 ckESpfu yk*Hbk&m;0ef;usifa'oESifh yk*HavqdyfwdkYwGifprf;oyfwyfqifchJNyD;atmifjrifcJhojzifha&Twd*Hkbk&m;ay:wGiftrsm;jynfol toHk;jyKEdkif&eftcrJh wyfqifay;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD; &efukefwuodkvfuJhodkY tjcm;vdktyfaomae&mrsm;wGifvnf; wyfqifoGm;&ef&nf&G,fxm;aMumif; od&onf/ S.B

PHOTO

NEWS

qm;vif;BuD;NrdKYe,f? 'l;axmuftkyfpk? a&cg;aus;&Gm? tajccHynmrlvwef;ausmif;ESifUausmif;ol ausmif;om;av;rsm;tm; awGY&pOf/ "gwfyHk-q&mBuD;udkwdk;


6/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

6 SPECIAL FEATURE & NEWS

&m&mpp

2008 zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya' jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; Nidrf;csrf;pGma&SYqufaqmif&GufEkdif&eftcsif;csif; yGifUvif;dk;om;rI? tmCmww&m; uif;&Sif;rIrsm;vdktyf

&efukef? 'DZifbm 102008 ckESpfzGJUpnf;yHktajccH

Oya' jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; Nidrf;csrf;pGm a&SUqufaqmif&GufEkdif&eftcsif;csif;yGifhvif;dk;om;rI? tmCmw w&m;uif;&Sif;rIrsm;vdktyfaMumif;trsKd;

om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfemu OD;wifOD;u ajymMum;onf/

]ajymif;vJwJhae&mrSm a&SUqufat;at;csrf;csrf;? Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;eJYaqmif&GufEkdifatmifqdkwmuawmhtcsif;csif; yGifhvif;dk;om;rI&SdNyD;awmh wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,mufqufqHwJhae&mrSm em;vnfoabm

aygufNyD; tmCmww&m;uif;&Sif;NyD;awmh Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;eJY o[ZmwjzpfwJhenf;udk BudK;pm;aqmif&GufzdkYvdkw,f}[kif;u ajymonf/

2008 ckESpfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg tcsuftvufrsm;onftvGefwif;usyfum jyifqifEkdifonf[k qdkxm;aomfjim; jyifqif r&atmifjzpfaeaom zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'vdkjzpfaeNyD; pwifoaEwnfuwnf;u ppfwyfutay:rStppt&m&mtkyfpD;vkyfudkifoGm;rnfhoabmobm0rsm;xnfhoGif;cJhaMumif;? if;wdkYtaejzifh2008zGJU pnf;yHktajccH

Oya'udkpwifoaEwnfuwnf;urBudKufcJhaMumif;if;uajymonf/

]tck zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'eJYywfoufNyD; wpfEkdifiHvHk; jynfolvlxktukefvHk; jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkYqkdNyD; tm;oGefcGefpdkufBudK;pm;aeMuw,f/ tJ'DtwGufBuHKvmr,fhtcuftcJawGtrsm;BuD;qdkwm uRefawmfwkdYodw,f/ jynfolwpf&yfvHk;uvnf; 'Dtajctaeudk tifwdkuftm;wdkufeJY 0dkif;0ef;yl;aygif;aqmif&GufzdkYvdkygw,f}[k 10 Dausmif;om;a[mif;wpfOD;jzpfolOD;odrf;aqG(trsKd;om;vTwfawmfukd,f

pm;vS,f)u ajymonf/2008 zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'

udponfvmrnfh2015 a&G;aumufyGJwGifw&m;rQwoefY&Sif; vGwfvyfaom a&G;aumufyGJjzpfa&; twGufta&;wBuD; tmHkpdkufajz&Sif;&rnfhudpjzpfaMumif; trsKd;om;

'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfem,u OD;wifOD;u Ekd0ifbm 27 &ufu A[ef;NrdKUe,f? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfHk;wGifjyKvkyfaom 93 ESpfajrmuftrsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYtxdrf;trSwfpmaya[majymyGJwGifxnfhoGif;ajymMum;cJhonf/ Zl;Zl;

wkdif;jynfudk a'0gvDcH&atmifvkyfcJUolawGursm;

awmuf . . .

usKyfwdkYwkdif;jynfrSm 2010uwnf;u tpdk;&opfeJYwdkif;jynfopfwnfaeMuwm 3 ESpfawmif&Sdawmhr,f/ yGifhvif;vlYtzGJUtpnf;t&Sdef&vmwmeJYtrQ tpdk;&tzGJUawGa&m? tpdk;&tzGJUr[kwfolawGyg ajymMu? qdkMu? ndEIdif;Mu? wdkifyifMu?vufndK;xdk;MueJY pHkaewmyJ/ omrefvlawGajymoH? qdkoH? ajymrSm;?

qdkrSm;awGuvnf; trsm;BuD;/ omrmefr[kwfwJh (Exteror dinary)yk*dKvfawG? jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;awG?0efBuD;csKyfawG&JU vlysufqefqeftajymawG? udk,f&nfaoG;tajymawGpHkaewmyJAsm/ bmyJjzpfjzpfzl;yGifhp'Drdkua&pD&JU r&ifhusufao;wJhtvSwpfyg;vdkYyJ rSwf,l&rSmaygh/ vlqkdwm bmBuD;jzpfaeae trSm;eJYtrSefawmh'GefwGJaewmaygh/ 'DtxJurStrSefrsm;NyD;? trSm;enf;wJhvludkvlaumif;vdkYtrSwfay;? trSm;rsm;NyD;trSefenf;wJhvlukdvlpkwfvdkYtrSwfay;&if; wdkif;jynfudkaumif;atmifbufaygif;pHku wnfaqmufaeMuwmr[kwfvm;/ 'gayr,fhudk,fhtrSm;udk,fwm0ef,lNyD; EIwfxGufwJhvltjypfay;cH&wJhvlwpfa,mufrSr&Sdao;bl;/ tpdk;&tzGJU0ifawG? 0efBuD;awG? 0efBuD;csKyfawGqdkwmvnf; vlxJuvlawGr[kwfvm;/ rSm;wmaygh/ 'gobm0yJ/

tcsKdU0efBuD;qdk&if]wdkif;jynfudkxrif;0atmifrauR;Ekdif&ifcsrf;omatmifvkyfray;Ekdif&iftpdk;&rvkyfbl;}qdkwJhpum;rsKd;vm;/ tJ'Dvdkt"dym,foufa&mufwJhpum;rsKd;vm;awmh

wdwdususrrSwfrdbl;ajym&JU/ [kwfaomf&Sdr[kwfaomf&Sd'Dvdkpum;rsKd;Mum;&wm avawGNrdKcs&ayr,fhwHawG;awmhoD;om;(0rf;omvdkYygAsm)?a[m aemuf0efBuD;uwpfrsKd;As/vTwfawmfxJuvlawGynmrwwfbl;qdkvm;bJ/ olYrSm olYpum;ol&Sif;&wm tywfrvnfbl;/ atmf'ku

'kupum;rSm;vdkYawmif;yefvdkYrSbmMumao;vJ/ v,form;awGxrif;wpfeyfavQmhpm;zdkY tBuHay;wm?

v,form;acgif;aqmifBuD; q&mpHawmifocsKif;ukef;uxvmNyD; *kwfrcsKd;w,f/ 'D0efBuD;vnf; xrif;wpfeyfavQmhpm;ygw,f/(Oykofapmifh&ifaygh)/ aemufwpfa,mufuawmh

wdkif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;csKyfAs/ olajymwmu tpkd;&ta


7/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

ARTICLE & NEWS 7

efukef? 'DZifbm 10

10 D(EdkA,fvfNidrf;csrf;a&;usmif;om;vli,fvIyf&Sm;rI)ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;taejzifha':atmifqef;pkMunf\ av;yGifhqdkifawGUqHkqG;aEG;rIurf;vSrf;csufudkvufcHy;&eftpdk;&tm; wdkufwGef;aMumif;0 Dausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;ujymonf/

]tBudKaqG;aEG;yGJwpfcktaeeJY':atmifqef;pkMunfudkygwDwpfckacgif;aqmiftaeeJYr[kwfbJ Edk

,fvfNidrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sifwpfa,muftaeeJYcky,fcsaewJhudp&yfawGudkyfwef;u&yfNyD;awmh Nidrf;csrf;a&;

A,fvfqk&Sif&JU av;yGifhqdkifawGUqHkqG;aEG;rI urf;vSrf;csufudk vufay;ygvdkY tpdk;&udk uRefawmfwdkY

10 Dausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;taejzifUav;yGifUqkdifawGYqHkaqG;aEG;rIjyKvkyf&ef tpdk;&tm; wdkufwGef;

wdkufwGef;w,f}[k 10 Dausmif;

om;a[mif;wpfOD;jzpfolOD;jrwfvIdifu ajymonf/

qufvuf 10 Dausmif;om;a[mif;wpfOD;jzpfolOD;odrf;aqG(trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f)uvnf; wyfrawmf\ tcef;u@udkajymvQifumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonfwu,fhta&;BuD;onfhae&mwGif&SdaeaMumif;? xdkuJhodkY wyfrawmfom;tm;vHk;\ tc&mjzpfaeaom umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf? tpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfvHk;ukd OD;pD;OD;aqmifaeaom qHk;jzwfcsufay;Ekdifaom orwBuD;? vTwfawmfwpfck

vHk;\ tBuD;tuJjzpfaom vTwfawmfem,uBuD; ol&OD;a&Tref;?wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk;ESifh jynfolvl

xkwpf&yfvHk;u axmufcHtm;ay;

aeaom a':atmifqef;pkMunftqdkygav;OD;wdkY\ aqG;aEG;rIonfwdkif;jynftwGuf tvGefta&;ygaomaMumifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;oifhaMuif;ajymonf/

]tJ'DvdkrsKd; av;OD;awGUqHkaqG;aEG;rIuae uRefawmfwdkYxkdufoifhwJhndEIdif;rIawG&NyDqdk&ifvTwfawmftwGif;rSma&m? zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifwJhtydkif;awGa&m? wkdif;jynf&JU aemiftem*wfqufNyD;awmhta&GU

awGrSma&m uRefawmfwdkYtaumif;qHk;taetxm;? nifomwJh tul;tajymif;wpfckjzpfvdrfhr,fvdkYarQmf

vihfw,f/ tJawmhawGUqHkzdkYtwGufta&;BuD;ygw,f}[kif;u ajymonf/

10 Dausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;

taejzifhEkdA,fvfNidrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sifa':atmifqef;pkMunftm; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfpOfwGif ta&;ygt&ma&mufonfhae&mwpfckuaeyg0ifEkdif&efurf;vSrf;ay;yg[ktpdk;&udk wdkufwGef;aMumif; qufvufajymMum;onf/

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfOu|a':atmifqef;pkMunftaejzifh2008 ckESpfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;tqifajyacsmarGU

pGmjzpfajrmufap&ef&nf&G,f tkyfcsKyfa&;r@dKiftBuD;tuJjzpfolEkdifiHawmforwOD;odef;pdef? vTwfawmf?

wyfrawmfwdkYESifhawGUqHkaqG;aEG;&eftwGuf orwBuD;tm ; pmjzifharwm&yfcHcJhonf/ Zl;Zl;

yxrwef;pm; EdkifiHjzpfzdkY yxrwef;m;pdwf"mwfawGyxrwef;pm; Oya'awGavhusifhay;zdkY vdkw,f/ yxrwef;pm;ifiHawGrSm yxrwef;pm; Oya'jyK vTwfwmfawG&Sdw,f/ yxrwef;pm;vTwfawmfwGuom yxrwe f;pm ;Oya'awGud k|mef;Edkifw,f/ yxrwef;pm; Oya'awG

udk yxrwef;pm; EdkifiHom;awGu udk,f&mpdwfyg vdkufemtusifhoHk;Muw,f/

vlYordkif;wpfavQmufrSm vleJYOya'[mefwGJjzpfay:cJhw,f/ todPfwufjruf

wJvlawGaMumifh Oya'aumif;awGay:cJhw,f/ Oya'aumif;awGaMumifh vlawGydkumif;cJhw,f/ vlawGydk,Ofaus;? ydktqifhifhvmav? ordkif;aMumif;aumif;wJh EdkifiHwmftjzpf&yfwnfEdkifavavygyJ/ Oya'jyKvTwfawmfawGay:aygufvmzdkYacwfordkif;tqufqufudk jzwfoef;cJh&w,f/ vlYordkif;tprSm vlYtzJGUtpnf;qdkwm ]]ajcovk;tdrfwdkifjyK tEG,fpk (Wandering

ribes) }}tqifhrSmyJ&Sdw,f/ tJ'Duaewpfqifh]]aqG;rsKd;pk vlYtzGJUtpnf; (ClanOrganization of Society) }}qD wufvrf;cJhw,f/ aqGrsKd;pk vlYtzJGUtpnf;&JUxrydkif;acwfudk ]]rdciftkyfxdrf;wJhacwfMatriarchal Age)}}vdkYac:w,f/ 'DumvrSm EdkifiHawmftmPmawmifray:ao;bl;/qGrsKd;pk vlYtzGJUtpnf;BuD;xGm;vmrIeJYtwltrJvdkufvkyfief;? arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;?v,f,mvkyfief;awGwGifus,fvmw,f/tvkyf tudk ifaw Gudk a,musfm ;awGaqmifvm w,f/ rdcifawGae&mrSzcifawGifa&mufOD;aqmifw,f/ ]]zciftkyfxdrf;

wJhacwf(Patriarchal Age)}} jzpfay:vmw,f/ urmtESHYrSm vlYtzJGUtpnf;toD;oD;BuD;xGm;rIeJYtwl bmompum;?

t,l0g',O faus;rIawGeJ Ytwl tmPmtzJGUtpnf; (Organ of Power) awGay:ygufcJhw,f/ 'DtzGJUtpnf;eJYtwl EdkifiHwmf(State)awGjzpfvmw,f/ 'DStatewGudk e,fedrdwf ydkif; jcm;vdkufawm hwdkif;jynf(County)vdkY ac:wGifvmw,f/xrydkif;rSm vlawG[m ]]obm0Oya'awG

(Natural Laws)}}awGeJYom aecJhMuw,f/vlaerItqifhawG? tawG;tac:tqifhawGydkjrifhvmwJhtcg vltrsm;udkat;csrf;rIay;Edkifr,fha'oqdkif&mOya'awGay:ayguf

vmcJhw,f/ Oya'ynm&SifawGay:xGef;vmNyD; Oya'owfrSwfcsufawGydkav;eufvmcJhw,f/ acwfuvnf; ordkif;OD;bHkajrpepf? uRefydkif&Sifpepf? ajr&Sifya'o&mZfpepf? 'Drdkua&pDpepfponfjzifh ajymif;vJvmcJhw,f/ Oya'ynm&SifawG&JU t"dym,f

owfrSwfcsufawGuvnf; vlYtzGJUtpnf;awGay:udk oufa&mufcJhw,f/Oya'ynm&SifAdk'if(Bodin1530 to

1596) u ]]EdkifiHtcsKyftjcmtmPmudkjynfoltm; udk;vdkufem&r,f/ tcsKyftcsm

tmPmudk rif;{u&mZfu ydkifw,f}}vdkYzGifhqdkcJhw,f/ *Refavmhcf(John Locke-

1632 to 1704) uawmh]]Oya'jyKtmPmudktpdk;&ydkifw,f/ 'gayrJht


8/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

wpfzufapmif;eif;yk'frrsm;ESifU

jrefrmh'Drdkua&pD'Da&jrifhopf

ARTICLE & NEWS8

jynfolvlxk\ oabmqErygbJ tpdk;&taejzifhrnfonfhpDrHudef;rSrvkyfoifh&efukef? 'DZifbm 9

jynfolvlxk\ oabmqErygbJtpdk;&taejzifhrnfonfhpDrH

udef;rS rvkyfoifhaMumif; &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS, f a'gufwmndKndKoif ;u&DydkwmodkYajymonf/

]]orwBuD;u EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&eJYcsKyfxm;wJhjrpfqHkpDrHudef;awmifrS jynfo lraus ey fwJ htwGu f&yfqdkif;ay;cJh&wmjzpfwJhtwGuf

'Derlemaumif;udk,lNyD;awmh&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;csKyfuvnf;yJ'DpDrHudef;awG&yfNyD; odrfjzLuGif;wdkY?ordkif;0if&mjynfhuGif;wdkYudkjynfolvlxkudkjyefay;yg}}[kif;u ajymonf/

&efukefNrdKUawmfpnfyifom,mu jynfolydkiftm;upm;uGif;ESifhyef;NcHrsm;udk yk*vduy dkifjyKum

taqmufttHkkrsm; aqmufvkyfjcif;tm; 'DZifbm 9 &uf? nae (3;00)em&Du a&SUaersm;uGef&ufESifh 'Drdk

ua&pDtiftm;pktzJGUwdkY OD;aqmifaom qEazmfxkwfol 40 cefYjzifhr*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? trSwf13rlvwef;ausmif;a&SUrS pwifumr[mAEKvyef;NcHtxdvrf;avQmufqEazmfxkwfcJhMu&m a':ndKndKoif;u ppfaMumif;tqHk; r[mAEKvyef;NcHab;wGifvma&muftm;ay; trSmpum;ajymMum;cJhonf/

tpdk;&wpf&yftaejzifhpDrHudef;rsm; vkyfaqmifrnfqdkygu jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifaom vTwfawmfodkYwifum pDrHudef;vkyfoifh?rvkyfoifh? pDrHudef;vdktyf? rvdktyf

onfwdkYudktajctwifaqG;aEG;NyD;vTwfawmfu twnfjyKrSom vkyfoifhaMumif; a'gufwmndKndKoif;u

ajymonf/yef;O,smOfESifhtm;upm;uGif;

rsm; jyefvnf&&Sda&;twGufqEazmfxkwfyGJrsm;udk awmifOuvmyNrdKUe,f? wmarGNrdKUe,f? r*Fvmawmif

nGefYNrdKUe,fr sm;wGif tBudrfBudrfqEazmfxkwfcJhaMumif;? Edk0ifbm 16

&ufuvnf; r[mAEKvyef;NcHab;wGifqEazmfxkwfcJhNyD; ,ckwpfBudrfonf'kwd,tBudrfjzpfaMumif; qE

azmfxkwf&mwGifOD;aqmifolOD;at;rif; (jrefrmEdkifiHa&SUaersm;uGef&uf)u ajymonf/

]]rdrdwdkYqEazmfxkwfrIrsm;[mvlyk*dKvfa&;wdkufcdkufjcif; r[kwf?cdkeDpepfudkjrefrmhajray:rSarmif;xkwf&ef&nf&G,fjcif;jzpfovdkvkyfief;&Sifrsm;uvnf; EdkifiHhtusKd;udkMunfhNyD; vkyfaqmifwwf&efvdkygw,f}}[k if;u ajymonf/

,ckvdkNidrf;csrf;pGm pDwef;vSnfhvnfqEazmfxkwf&jcif;onfjynfolrsm; oabmrwlqefYusifaeonfhMum;rS tm;upm;uGif;rsm;ay:wGiftaqmufttHkaqmufvkyfjcif;vkyfief;udk&yfwefYroGm;bJ qufvufvkyfaqmifaeMuaom cdkeDrsm;ESifh

taqmufttHk aqmufvkyf&efcGifhjyKcsufay;cJhaom? ,cktcsdefxd

yl;aygif;yg0ifulnDaeaom oufqdkif

&m tmPmydkiftzJGUtpnf;? aumfrwDtoD ;oD ;r S wm0ef& Sdo lr sm;udkjyemudp&yfrsm; rBuD;xGm;vmcif

vkyfief;&Sifrsm; rdrdwkdY&if;ESD;jrKyfESHxm;rIudk qufvufrqHk;IH;ap&eftwGufowday;onfhtaejzifhqEazmfxkwf&jcif;jzpfaMumif; if;uajymonf/

&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fa'gufwmndKndKoif;u tqdkyg yef;O,smOfESifhtm;upm;uGif;rsm;udpESifh ywfouf&efukefwdkif;vTwfawmfMu,fyGifhjy

ar;cGef;ar;xm;NyD; vTwfawmfrS,ckwpfywfaemufqkH; ajzay;&rnfjzpf if;tajzudk apmifhMunfhNyD;rSqufvufvkyfaqmif&rnfrsm;udk

tpDtpOfcsoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/

Zl;Zl;

EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH&JU zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkwm tJ'DEdkifiH&JU tkyfcsKyfoleJY tkyfcsKyfcHEdkifiHom;awGtMum; ESpfOD;ESpfzufoabmwl

nDrI&&Sdxm;wJhpmcsKyfwpfckjzpfygw,f/tkyfcsKyfoluvnf; 'DvdktkyfcsKyf? tkyf

csKyfcHawGuvnf; 'DvdktkyfcsKyfcH&r,fvdkYESpfOD;ESpfzufoabmwlxm;wJhpmtkyfjzpfygw,f/

wu,fvdkYpmtkyfygtcsufawGudktkyfcsKyfcHawGbufu oabmrwl&iftkyfcsKyf

olu jyifqifay;&ygw,f/ oabmrwlwmudk twif;t"rtkyfcsKyfvdkY r&ygbl;/

tJ'DawmhtJ'Dpmtkyfqdkwm[m tajccHOya'jzpfaewJhtwGuftJ'DxJrSm yg0ifaewJhyk'frawG[m tkyfcsKyfcHawG(EdkifiHom;awG)udkzdESdyfxm;w,fodkYr[kwfw&m;rQwrIr&Sdbl;vdkY EdkifiHom;awGu ,lq&iftJ'Dyk'frawGudkjyifqifay;zdkYqEjyKEdkif&ygr,f/

'gayrJhtJ'DvdkEdkifiHom;rsm;taeeJYqEjyKEdkifaMumif; 2008 tajccHOya'xJrSm

rawGU&ygbl;/ tJ'gudkrawGU&bJbmudkawGU&ovJqdkawmhyk'fr 384 rSm EdkifiHom;wdkif;

onfzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk vdkufemapmifhxdef;&efwm0ef&Sdonf}}vdkYyJ jy|mef;xm;wmudk awGU&ygw,f/

trSefawmh 'Drdkua&pDpHEIef;t&qdk&ifEdkifiHom;wdkif;[m tkyfcsKyfoltpdk;&eJYtkyfcsKyf

cHEdkifiHom;wdkYtMum; csKyfqdkxm;wJh pmcsKyf(tajccHOya')udk(w&m;rQwrIr&Sd&if) jyifqifEdkifzkdY qEjyKEdkif&ygr,f/ qEjyKEdkifzdkYtcGifhta&;vnf; &Sd&ygr,f/ wu,fvdkYtJ'DcsKyfqdkxm;wJhpmcsKyf[m wpfzufowfcsKyfqdkxm;wJh pmcsKyfjzpfae&ifEdkifiHom;awGtaeeJYb,fvdkvkyf&rvJ/ b,fvdkvkyfoifhovJ/ tJ'DtwGuftajccHOya'xJrSm(oabmwlnDcsufpmcsKyfxJrSm) tcsufwpfck

taeeJY (yk'frwpfcktaeeJY) jy|mef;csKyfqdkoifhw,fvdkY ,lqygw,f/EdkifiHom;awGtaeeJY tajccHOya'udk

jyifqifcsif&ifjyifqifcGifh&Sd&ygr,f/ EdkifiHom;awG[m olwdkYa&G;cs,fwifajrmufxm;wJhvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGuwpfqifhjyifqifcGifh&&Sd&ygr,f/ vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawG[m EdkifiHom;awGeJYjyifqifvdkwJhqEudk

vTwfawmfrSm wifjyEdkif&ygr,f/tcktrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfu vkyf

aqmifaewJh tajccHOya' jyifqifa&;eJYywfoufNyD; vlxkqEoabmxm;aumuf,lyGJawG[m tJ'DoabmudkazmfaqmifaewmjzpfaMumif; awGU&ygw,f/

yk'fr 384 t& tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udkvdkufem&efwm0efay;xm;ayr,fhEdkifiHom;rsm;taeeJY&ydkifcGifhr&Sdwm awGU&yg

w,f/ wm0efay;NyD;&if&ydkifcGifhay;&ygw,f/wm0efeJY &ydkifcGifh[m 'GefwGJaeygw,f/

&ydkifcGifhqdkwmuawmhwjcm;r[kwfygbl;/ EdkifiHom;awGtaeeJYolwkdYtay: w&m;rQwrIr&Sdbl;vdkY,lqwJhyk'frawGudkjyifqif

EdkifcGifh&&Sda&; jzpfygw,f/tJ'DvdkjyifqifEdkifcGifh&&SdrSom tkyfcsKyf

oltpdk;&eJYtkyfcsKyfcHEdkifiHom;awG? tMum;oabmwlpmc sKy f (ta jcc HOya')[mt"dym,f&SdrSm jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvdkYtkyf

csKyfcHEdkifiHom;awGbufu oabmrwlwJhtcsufawGpmcsKyfxJ(tajccHOya')xJyg0ifae&iftJ'DpmcsKyf[m t"dym,fr&SdawmhbJ wpfzufowfqefwJh pmcsKyf(tajccHOya')yJjzpfoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/

tJ'Dvdk wpfzufowfqefwJh tajccHOya' (EdkifiHom;awGoabmrwlwJh) yk'frawGyg0ifaewJhtajccHOya'? w&m;rQwrI

r&SdwJhtajccHOya'udk 'Drdkua&pDpHEIef;eJYrudkufnDwJhtajccHOya'vdkYqdk&ygr,f/

tck2008 tajccHOya'udkvTwfawmfudk,fwdkifu pwifNyD; jyifqifzdkYvkyfaqmifaewmudkEdkifiHom;wdkif; odNyD;jzpfygw,f/EdkifiHom;rsm;udk,fwdkifuvnf; 'DtajccH

Oya'udk jyifqifvdkMuw,f/ bmaMumifhjyifqifMuwmvJqdkawmh qdkcJhwJhtwdkif;

wpfzufowfqefwJhyk'frawGyg0ifaevdkYyJ

jzpfygw,f/wu,fawmhjzifh2008 tajccHOya'

xJrSm wpfzufowfqefwJh yk'frawGyg0ifaejcif;[m rqef;awmhbl;vdkYqdkEdkifygw,f/ppftpdk ;&OD;p D;NyD ; a&;qGJc JhwJh tajccH

Oya'jzpfwJhtwGufppfwyfudkOD;pm;ay;a&;qGJcJhwm[m rqef;ygbl;/ tajccHOya'rSmppfwyfudk wpfzufapmif;eif; tompD;&atmiftajctaeawGay;xm;w,f/ 'gawGudk vlxku em;vnfodjrifvmwJhtcgus

awmhjyifqifvkdMuwmvnf; rqef;ygbl;/wpfzufapmif;eif;yk'frawG yg0ifaewJhtajccHOya'udk vlxku vufrcHygbl;/tJ'Dyk'frawG[m vlxktwGuf'Drdkua&pDtwGuftE&m,f&SdvmEdkifwJh yk'frawGyg/'gaMumifh'Dyk'frawGudk&Sif;vif;z,f&Sm;jcif;?jyifqifjcif;wdkYjyKvkyfEdkifzdkYtwGufvlxku

axmufcHvmMujcif; jzpfygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm tjrifomqHk;&SdwJh wpfzufapmif;eif;yk'frwpfckudk xkwfjyvdkygw,f/tJ'Dyk'fruawmhyk'fr 436? yk'frcGJ (u)eJY(c)wdkY jzpfygw,f/

436 (u) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'\tcef;(1) yk'fr 1 rS 48 xd? tcef;(2)yk'fr 49 rS 56 xd? tcef;(3) yk'fr 59?60? tcef; (4)yk'fr 74? 109? 141?161? tcef;(5)yk'fr 200? 201? 148?

176? tcef; (6)yk'fr 293? 294? 305?314? 320? tcef; (11)yk'fr 420 rS432xd? tcef; (12) yk'fr 436 wdkY&Sdjy|mef;csufrsm;udkjyifqifvdkvQifjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk;\ 75 &mcdkifEIef;

ausmfujyifqif&efoabmwlvufcHNyD;aemufjynfvHk;uRwfqEcH,lyGJusif;y qErJay;

ydkifcGifh&Sdol tm;vHk;\ wpf0ufausmfqErJjzifhom jyifqif&rnf}}vdkYqdkxm;ygw,f/

'gaMumifh tifrwefrS jyifqif&cufcJ

NyD; wpfzufapmif;eif;jzpfaewJh yk'frjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;aeygw,f/vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f75 &mcdkifEIef;

ausmfu jyifqif&efoabmwlvufcH&r,fvdkY jy|mef;xm;wm[m wyfrawmfom;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f25 &mcdkifEIef;eJYcsdefndxm;NyD;rS jy|mef;wJh oabmqdkwmxif&Sm;aeygw,f/

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f75 &mcdkifEIef;u jyifqifzkdY oabmwlw,fxm;OD; jyifqifvdkYr&ao;ygbl;/ wyfrawmfom; udk,fpm;vS,f25 &mcdkifEIef;xJu tenf;qHk;wpfa,mufuawmhjyifqifzdkYoabmwl&ygOD;r,f/ &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; tJ'Dwpfa,mufuoabmwlvdkufNyDyJxm;OD;/ (oabmwlzdkYuvHk;0 rvG,fyg)/ jynfvHk;uRwfqEcH,lyGJusif;y&ygOD;r,f/

tJ'DvdkqEcH,lyGJusif;ywJhtcg qErJay;cGifh&Sdol tm;vHk;&JU xuf0ufausmfujyifqifzdkY axmufcHrJay;rSom jyifqifvdkY&rSmjzpfygw,f/ qErJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdolxuf

0ufausmfqdkwmuawmhwu,fhudkrvG,fwJhudpyg/

Oyrm jrefrmjynfvlOD;a& oef; 60 &Sdw,fqdkygpdkY/ tJ'DxJu qErJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdoloef; 30 &Sdw,fyJxm;/ tJ'D oef; 30pvHk;u rJvma&mufay;zdkYvdkygw,f/ 'gayrJhoef; 30 pvHk;u vma&mufrJay;zdkYqdkwmu wu,fawmh rvG,fvSygbl;/ oef;30 pvHk;u vmNyD; rJay;w,fyJxm;OD;/qErJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol&JU xuf0ufausmfqdkawmhtenf;qHk; 15 oef;eJY wpfa,mufuaxmufcHrJay;zdkY vdkygvdrfhr,f/

'gayrJhrJvma&mufay;wJholu &mEIef;jynfh&SdzdkYtifrwefcufcJygvdrfhr,f/ 2008

u usif;ycJhwJh2008 zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jynfvHk;uRwfqEcH,lyGJrSm qErJay;cGifh&Sdol

27 oef;ausmf&SdwJhteuf98 'or 12&mcdkifEIef;u vma&mufrJay;cJhMuw,fvdkYqdk

ygw,f/tcktajccHOya' jyifqifa&; qEcH

,lyGJrSma&m tJ'Davmuf&mcdkifEIef; vma&mufrJay;Muyghrvm;/ Oyrm oef; 30 teuf90 &mcdkifEIef;uyJ rJvma&mufay;w,fqdk

&ifrJay;ol 27 oef;yJ&SdawmhrSmyg/ 80&mcdkifEIef;qdk&if24 oef;? 75 &mcdkifEIef;qdk&if21 oef;? ponfjzifh rJay;olOD;a&

avsmhusoGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/'gayrJhrJvma&mufay;olb,favmuf

yJavsmhusus rJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdoltm;vHk;&JU xuf0ufausmfu axmufcHrJay;rSom tajccH

pmrsufESm(30)odkY-


9/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

9ARTICLE & NEWS

pD;yGm;a&;vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrIBuD;pdk;av

wdkif;jynfydkrdkqif;&JavarmifvGifjyif

ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS2013 ckESpf ynma&;bwf*suftm; 2011 ckESpfxuf41 &mckdifEIef;ausmf wdk;jrifUxm;EkdifiHawmf\ ynma&;qdkif&m

toHk;p&dwfrsm;tm; ESpftvdkufwdk;ifhxm;rIrsm;&SdNyD; 2013 ckESpfynm&;bwf*suftm; 2011 ckESpfuxuf41 &mckdifEIef;ausmfwdk;jrifhxm;onf[k ynma&;0efBuD;Xmecwjynfaxmifpk0efBuD; a'gufwmKd;jrifhu ajymonf/

ESpftvdkufynma&;u@toHk;

p&dwfrsm;wGif2011-2012 ynmoifESpftwGuf309 bDvD,HoHk;pGJxm;NyD; 2012-2013 ynmoifESpfwGif647 bDvD,HausmfoHk;pGJxm;um 2011-2012 ynmoifESpfxuf10 &mckdifEIef;ausmfwdk;xm;aMumif;acwjynfaxmifpk0efBuD;u ajymonf/ 2013-2014 ynmoifESpfwGifynma&;toHk;p&dwf904 bD

vD,HausmfoHk;pGJ&m 2011-2012ynma&;ESpfxuf41 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfwdk;xm;aMumif;qdkonf/

]ynma&;qdkwm ynma&;0efBuD;Xmewpfckwnf;eJYoufqkdifw,fr[kwfygbl;/ State HolderawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f/ trsm;BuD;xJrSmrS t&yfbuftzGJUtpnf;awGuvnf;yJta&;ygaeygw,f/ ta&;

BuD;wmu ynma&;rSm 'Dt&nftaoG;awGudkvufcHygw,f/ 'gayr,fht&nftaoG;rwdkifcift&nftcsif;tydkif;vnf; uRefawmfwdkYjrifhwifzdkYvdkygw,f}[k,if;uajymonf/

ynma&;0efBuD;Xmetaejzifhynma&;toHk;p&dwfjrifhwifrItjyifpmoifausmif;ta&twGufvnf;wdk;jrifhxm;aMumif;od&onf/2011-

2012 ynmoifESpfumvESifh2013-2014 ynmoifESpfumvtwGif; pmoifausmif;ta&twGuf5 'or1 &mckdifEIef;wdk;jrifhvmonf/ pmoifausmif;ta&twGufwdk;jrifhvmjcif;ESifhtwlq&m?q&mrOD;a& 12 'or

4 &mcdkifEIef; wdk;jrifhxm;NyD; ausmif;om;ta&twGuf8 'or 03 &mckdifEIef; wdk;jrifhvmaMumif;? 2013-2014

ynmoifESpfwGifausmif;om; 5 'or 9bDvD,Hausmf&SdaMumif; acwjynfaxmifpk 0efBuD;uajymonf/

pmoifausmif;ESifhausmif;om;ta&twGuf3 &mcdkifEIef;wdk;jrifhvmNyD;xdkodkYwkd;jrifhvm&jcif;rSm rlvwef; tcrJhynma&;pepftm; pwifusifhoHk;onfhtcsdefrSp wdk;jrifhvmjcif;jzpfaMumif; if;uajymonf/ udkpH

,SOfNydKifrIOya'(Competition Law)[lonfpD;yGm;a&;avmuESifhywfouf EkdifiHtrsm;pkwGifjy|mef;xm;Muaom Oya'jzpfonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGifvnf; aps;uGufpD;yGm;&;pepfudk twdtus usifhoHk;ygonf[k008 tajccHOya'\ tajccHrlrsm;wGifxnfhoGif;jy|mef;xm;aomaMumifhaps;uGufpD;yGm;&;pepfESifh avsmfnDaom ,SOfNydKifrIOya'Competition Law)udkjy|mef;Ekdif&efa&;

qGaeMuayonf/aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfusifhoHk;aom

rdkua&pDEdkifiHjzpf&eftm;xkwfaeonfESifhtnDaps;uGufudktajccHaom aps;uGufudk;pm;ay;aom pD;yGm;a&;pepfwGifvuf0g;

BuD;tkyfrIuif;rJhNyD; rQwaom pD;yGm;a&;,SOfKifrIrsm; ay:xGef;&eftwGuf&nf&G,fNyD;

vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrIudkumuG,f&efNydKifqdkifrIwa&;Oya'wpf&yfvdkonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH

wGifpD;yGm;a&;,SOfNydKifrI rQwpGmjzpfa&;?,OfNydKifrIOya'wpf&yfudk 2012 ckESpfuwnf;u a&;qGJaeonf[kod&onf/ ,if;ya'onf2012 ckESpfu pwifa&;qGJaeNyD;014 ckESpfwGif ay:xGufvmEkdifonf[k;yGm;a&;ESifhul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0efBuD;me? ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifh pm;oHk;ol&;&mOD;pD;Xme? ,SOfNydKifrIrl0g'XmecGJnTefMum;a&;rSL; OD;0if;wifhu Ekd0ifbm 29 &ufeYu ajymMum;aMumif; od&onf/,if;Oya'a&;qGJ&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsuf

m w&m;ojzifhpD;yGm;a&;,SOfNydKifrIrsm;wGifwpfOD;wpfa,mufodkYr[kwftpktzGJUrsm;\yGm;a&;vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrIrsm;? aps;upm;rIMumifhjynfolrsm;\ tusKd;pD;yGm; xdckdufrIudwm;qD;&ef? rQwaom EkdifiHwumpD;yGm;&;NydKifqkdifrIukdt[efYtwm;jzpfaprIrsm;udkxdef;csKyf&efwdkYtwGuf,SOfNydKifrIOya'udk

&;qGJjcif;jzpfonf[kOD;0if;wifhu qkdonf/ya'a&;qGJ&jcif;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;onfpD;m;a&;orm;tcsif;csif; vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrI

uif;a0;&ef? aps;upm;jcif;r&Sdap&ef&nf,fxm;avonf/ jynfolYtusKd;pD;yGm;xdufrIudkwm;qD;ay;&ef&nf&G,fcsufygaeonfhtwGuf,if;Oya'ukdBudKqdk&ygrnf/ odkYomf2012 rSpa&;qGJjcif;onfaemufusvGef;aeNyD; 2014 rSay:xGufvmEkdifrnfqdkonfvnf; MumvGef;aeygonf/ orwOD;odef;pdeftpdk;&tmPmp,lonfh2011? rwfv aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfpusifhoHk;ygNyDqduwnf;u ,if;Oya'udkvTwfawmfu|mef;NyD;jzpfae&onf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf

011 wGif pwifa&;qGJum 2012wGif|mef;NyD;jzpfae&rnf/ ,if;odkY jrefjrefqefqefjzpfapcsifjcif;rSm ,if;Oya'onfpm;ok;oljynfolwpf&yfvHk;ESifh wdkufdkufywfoufaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ jynfolYpm;wfaea&;\ aeYpOfb0rsm;ESifh wdkufdkuf

qufpyfaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/pD;yGm;a&;orm;tcsif;csif; wpfOD;u

wpfOD;udk rormaomenf;jzifh aps;uGufvuf0g;BuD;tkyfjcif;onfvnf;aumif;? wpfzGJUwpftkyfpku tjcm;wpfzGJUwpftkyfpkudkt&if;tESD;tiftm;jzifhaps;uGufOD;xm; ydwf

qdkYxm;jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? jynfoltwGufraumif;aomudprsm;jzpfonf/ aps;uGufudkvuf0g;BuD;tkyfcsKyfudkifxm;jcif;onfrdrdxkwfukef? jzefYukefudk rdrdpdwfBudKufaps;jzifhaps;upm;Ekdifonf? aps;twiftcsvkyfEkdifonf/ aps;uGufwGifypnf;jyufatmif? ravmufrijzpfatmifvkyfEkdifonf/

xdktcg pm;oHk;oljynfolvlxkonfwufaps;? arSmifckdaps;? rw&m;aomaps; paomtrsKd;rsKd;aom aps;rsm;jzifh 0,f,lpm;oHk;&awmhonf/ xdkYaMumifhpD;yGm;a&;orm;tcsif;csif; aps;uGufvkjcif;? aps;upm;jcif;? aps;uGufvuf0g;BuD;tkyfjcif;rsm;onfrnfonfh

umv? rnfonfhyHkpH? rnfonfhqifajcrsm;jzifhvkyfonfjzpfap? pm;oHk;oljynfoltm;wdkufdkufxdcdkufepfemapaom vkyf&yfrsm;jzpfofn/ ,if;odkYaom aps;uGufvuf0g;

BuD;tkyfjcif;oabmudk,cktcg jynfolrsm;aemaMuatmifcHpm;cJh&NyD; cHpm;ae&qJvnf;jzpfygonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif1988 aemufydkif; ppftpdk;&wufvmonfhtcg aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfjzifhwdkif;jynfudkarmif;ESifygrnf[kppfacgif;aqmifwdkYu twdtvif;aMunmcJhonf/ 1990 a&G;aumufyGJNyD;aomtcg tEkdif&ygwDudktmPmvTJtyfNyD; ppfwef;vsm;

odkYjyefrnf[kvnf; twdtvif;aMunmcJhonf/ odkYaomfxifwkdif;raygufcJhonfrdkYMuufOta&mifwdrfawmifozG,frif;a&;us,fum ppfacgif;aqmifwdkYonfppftmPm&Sifpepfjzihfwdkif;jynfudkarmif;ESifygawmh

onf/ onfrSm tmPmudkvuf0g;BuD;

tkyfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ wdkif;jynftmPmvuf0g;BuD;tkyfcHvdkuf&NyD;aomtcg rMumrwifrSmyifppftmPm&SifwdkYonfwdkif;jynf\ pD;yGm;a&;t&yf&yfudkvnf; vuf0g;BuD;tkyfygawmhonf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHpD;yGm;a&;OD;ydkifvDrdwuf[laom trnfjzifhppfwyfonfpD;yGm;a&;pvkyfygonf/ tpydkif;wGifwyfrawmfom;rsm;\ pm;0wfaea&;b0 zlvHka&;? oufomacsmifcsda&;

oabmaqmifcJhaomfvnf; aemufydkif;wGifwdkif;jynf\ajray:ajratmuf? a&ay:a&atmufESifha0[ifwpfcGifygrusefpD;yGm;a&;vkyfcif;vkyfuGuftm;vHk;ukdcsKyfudkifum ppftmPm&SifwdkY\ pD;yGm;a&;tkyfpkBuD;tjzpfay:ay:wifwif&yfwnfygawmhonf/ ppfwyf\ pD;yGm;a&;tkyfpkwpfckjzpfaom jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;aumfydka&;&Sif;onfvnf; vuf0g;BuD;tkyfpD;yGm;a&;tkyfpkyifjzpfNyD; OD;ydkifESifheifvm;? igvm; twlwlESifh tElElyifjzpfonf/

,if;vkyf&yfonfppfwyfrNydKuGJa&;?ppfwyftmPmwnfNrJa&;ESifhppfwyf\ wpfaoG;? wpfoH? wpfrdefYudk ydkav;eufapa&;wdkYtwGufpD;yGm;a&;pm;uGufcsauR;jcif;enf;? qkawmfvmbfawmfay;oem;enf;?olaumif;jyKarG;xm;jcif;enf;rsm; jzpfonf/]b,folcGJcGJwdkYruGJ} aqmifyk'fudkpD;yGm;a&;jzifhxdef;csKyfjcif;jzpfonf[kjynfolrsm;u

xdkpOfuwnf;u em;vnfcJhMuygonf/OD;ydkifu wpfjynfvHk;&SdpD;yGm;a&; t&yf&yfudkvuf0g;BuD;tkyfNyD;aomtcg jrefrmhaps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfwGif dk;om;BudK;pm;jcif;jzifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfcGifhrJhvmaomtcg

"etiftm;&Sdol wdkif;&if;om;vkyfief;&SiftcsKdUonfppfwyfESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;ylaZmfyoum vufa0cHtjzpfcH,lum pD;yGm;

a&;vkyfvmawmhonf/ OD;ydkifonftBuD;pm;vuf0g;BuD;tkyfoljzpfonf/ cdkeDtBuD;pm;vnf;jzpfonf/ cdkeDtao;pm;rsm;ukdvnf;arG;xkwfoljzpfonf/ cdkeDrsm;onfvuf0g;BuD;tkyfoltjzpfay:ay:wifwif&yfwnfNyD;? wdkif;jynf\ aps;uGuft&yf&yfudkvTrf;rdk;csKyfudkifum pm;oHk;oljynfolvlxktm;wpfpufuav;rQ iJhnmrQwpGm rpOf;pm;bJrormaomenf;aygif;pHkjzifhpD;yGm;&SmMuaomtcg pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;rIrSeforQonfvufwpfqkyfpmaomxdkolwdkY\vufwGif;odkYpkyHkpD;qif;oGm;ygonf/ qif;&Jcsrf;omuGm[rIBuD;rm;jcif;onfxdkpOfuwnf;ujzpfonf/ pm;oHk;

oljynfolonfvnf; b,faomtcgrQ em

vefrxlEkdifjcif;rsm;jzifhvlvlcsif; ukyfaoG;pkyfjcif;udkqufumqufum cHae&ygawmhonf/

wdkif;jynfwGifppftmPm&SifpepfwnfNrJa&;twGufppfwyfu pD;yGm;a&;udpt00udkudkifxm;aomtcGwefzdk;ydkxGm;oxuf

xGm;vmNyD; pD;yGm;a&;usifh0wfrsm;pGmukdvnf;zsufqD;ypfovdkjzpfcJhonf/ jynfoltrsm;dk;om;pGm pD;yGm;&SmazGvkyfudkif,SOfNydKifa&mif;0,fazmufum;ae&mrSrormaomjzwfvrf;enf;rsm;jzifhjrefjrefBuD;xGm;vmaom tcsKdUyk*dKvfrsm;tm; jrifawGUvm&zefrsm;vmaomtcg oGm;&nf,dkol,dkMuum rormaomenf;rsm;aemufodkYom vdkufapjcif;rsm;jzifhwkdif;jynfonftausmftcGtckwftxpf

aygif;rsm;pGmjzifh pkwfjywfaeygawmhonf/onfvnf; ppfwyf\ pD;yGm;a&;vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrIBuD;\ ab;xGufqdk;usKd;xJuwpfckjzpfaeygonf/

,aeYumvwGiftajccHOya't& usifhoHk;aeaom aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfonfaps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfyDyD&Sdaeygonfavm?rSefuefrQwaom aps;uGuf,SOfNydKifrI&MuNyD;xkwfvkyfwifoGif;jzefYcsda&mif;0,fazmufum;EkdifMuygNyDavm? dk;om;at;csrf;pGmjzifhudk,f

ydkif"epGrf;tm; tiftm;&Sdoavmuf&if;ESD;xkwfvkyfum rQwpGm ,SOfNydKifa&mif;cscGifhwdkif;&if;om;vkyfief;&Sifuav;rsm;wGif&aeygNyDavm? ,if;ar;cGef;rsm;twGuftajzum; ]r&Sdao;yg}[komjzpfonf/

,aeYumvonfppfrSefaom aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfrjzpfao;yg/ aps;uGufvk,ufaeaom pD;yGm;a&;pepfomjzpfaeygao;onf/ aps;uGuftNydKifvk,ufaeojzifhpm;oHk;oljynfolrsm; aeYpOfESifhtrQ tnmcHae&onf/ aMumfjimaygif;rsm;pGmwGifnmenf;aygif;rsm;pGmjzifh jynfoludk nmvIdif;aps;a&mif;cszdkYtm;xkwf&if; aps;uGufvkyGJvkyfaeqJjzpfonf/ xdkodkYaomaps;uGufvkyGJwGif&ufpuf,kwfrmaom rormenf;vrf;jzifh

0ifvkolrsm;vnf; &Sdaeao;onf/ w&m;r0ifaom enf;vrf;aygif;pHkjzifhwifoGif;vmaomt&nftaoG;rJh arSmifckdypnf;trsKd;tr,faygif;pHkonfh pm;oHk;oljynfolrsm; touftE&m,fxdyg;ae&onftxdtusKd;pD;yGm;udkxdcdkufae&ygao;onf/ onfvnf;aps;uGufvkyGJ? aps;uGufvuf0g;BuD;tkyfyGJrsm;\ qdk;usKd;wpf&yfjzpfygonf/ aps;uGufA[kokwtm;enf;aom pm;oHk;oljynfoludkwdkufdkufapmfum;&musaeygonf/

,aeYumvtxd&Sdaeao;aom aps;uGufvuf0g;BuD;tkyfrItaMumif;ajymvQif{nfhEkdifiHom;tjzpfcH,lxm;aom jynfrBuD;rS pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;\ vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrIudkvnf; xnfhajym&ygOD;rnf/ olwdkYonfoufqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;ESifh aygif;

zufum vmbfylaZmfjcif;jzifh*dwfwHcg;rsm;udk ausmfjzwfNyD; aps;taygqHk;? tnHhqHk;ypnf;rsm;ukdawmvrf;? awmifvrf;rsm;rSwpfqifh jynfwGif;aps;uGufudk xdk;azmufae&m,laeygao;onf/ qif;&Jaomwdkif;

pmrsufESm(25)odkY-


10/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

10 A R T I C L E & N E W S

&ckdifjynfe,fy#dyursm;tm; avUvm&efokawoeynm&Sifrsm;yg0ifaom okawoepifwmwpfck zGJYpnf;rnf

&ckdifjynfe,fy#dyuudkavh

vm&efokawoeynm&Sifrsm; yg0ifaom okawoe pifwmwpfckudkzGJUpnf;oGm;rnf[k'DZifbm 9 &ufaeYwGifjyKvkyfaom &ckdifjynfe,fwnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI taumiftxnfazmfa&;A[dkaumfrwDvkyfief; ndEdIif;tpnf;ta0;wGifEkdifiHawmf'kwd,orwa'gufwmpdkif;armufcrf;rSajymMum;cJhaMumif; od&onf/

tqkdygawGUqHkyGJwGifEkdifiHawmf'kwd,orw a'gufwmpdkif;armufcrf;rS]&ckdifjynfe,fy#dyuokawoepifwmudkokawoeynm&Sifrsm;

eJY zGJUpnf;oGm;rSmyg/ ESpfOD;ESpfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tajctaersm;udkvnf; okawoejyKvkyfoGm;rSmyg}[k

if;u ajymMum;cJhonf/tpnf;ta0;wGifjynfaxmifpk

vTwfawmfem,uESifh&ckdifrdom;pkwdkY awGUqHkyGJwifjycsuf? OICrS

vlom;csif;pmemrItultnDrsm;udkrQrQww vkyfaqmifoGm;rnfqdkonfhudp&yf? w&m;0ifaexdkifol [kwf?

r[kwfpdppfa&;udp? wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifha'otwGif; ,m,Dae&mcsxm;a&;ESifhjyefvnfxlaxmif

a&;udprsm;udkvnf; aqG;aEG;cJhMu

aMumif; od&onf/ &ckdifjynfe,ftwGif; e,fjcm;apmifh&JwyfzGJU zGJUpnf;Ekdifa&;udprsm;ukdvnf; um

uG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk

0efBuD; 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD; a0vGifu wifjycJhNyD; rMumao;rDu &ckdifjynfe,fodkYta&mufoGm;cJhol&ckdif

y#dyupHkprf;ppfaq;a&;aumfr&SiftwGif;a&;rSL; a'gufwmausmf&ifvIdifrSvnf; &cdkifjynfe,ftwGif;Nidrf;csrf;pGm twl,SOfwGJaexkdifa&;ESpfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm; awGUqHkaqG;

aEG;cJhrIrsm;udkvnf; wifjycJhaMumif;od&onf/ EkdifiHawmf'kwd,orwa'gufwmpdkif;armufcrf;onfvuf&Sdtpdk;&rS zGJUpnf;xm;aom ]&ckdifjynfe,fwnfNidrf;at;csrf;a&;ESifhzGHU

NzdK;wdk;wufrItaumiftxnfazmf

a&;aumfrwD}wGifvnf; Ou|&mxl;tm; wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdonf/

aZmfxG#f

uRefawmf ynma&;Xmey,fwGif;rSm &SdpOfu rlvwef;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;wpfa,muf&mxl;usumvufaxmufq&mtjzpfuRefawmfhausmif;udka&mufvmcJhzl;onf/ &mxl;us&onfh taMumi f;&if ;upmar;yGJudpjzpf\/ xdkq&mBuD;u&Gmi,fwpfckrSm rlvwef;ausmif;tkyfjzpfonf/ &Gmi,fuav;jzpfvnf;

ausmif;om;u odyfrrsm;/ oli,f

wef;rS pwkwwef;txdausmif;om;pkpkaygif; 60 cefYom &Sdonfqdk\/ xdkYaMumifh olYvufatmufrSmvufaxmufq&mwpfOD;om&Sdonf/vufaxmufq&mu 'kwd,wef;ESifh pwkwwef;udk wm0ef,loif

Mum;NyD; q&mBuD;u oli,fwef;?yxrwef;ESifh wwd,wef;wdkYudkwm0ef,loifMum;onf[k qdkygonf/ xdkpOfu pwkwwef;rSmNrdKUe,fppfjzpfygonf/ ,aeYacwfvdkr[kwf? twef;wdkif;rSm ]tus}&Sdygonf/

q&mBuD;u olwm0ef,l oif

Mum;&aom twef;wdkif;udkpmar;yGJrppf[ kqdkonf/ aemufwp fESpfausmif;zGifhcsdefrSm ausmif;om;awGudkpkxdkifcdkif;NyD; [dkaumifa&SUxdk;? 'DaumifaemufqkwfESifhausmif;om;awGudka&SUwdk;? aemufqkwfvkyfcdkif;

NyD;rS]]a&SUutkyfpku pmar;yGJatmifw,f/ aemufwpfwef;wuf&r,f/aemufu tkyfpku pmar;yGJusw,f/'Dtwef;rSmyJ jyefwuf&r,f}}[katmifpm&if;xkwfygowJh/ yxrwpfESpf? ESpfESpfawmh&Gmu bmrSrajymMuayr,fh aemu fawmh tusowfrSwfcH&wJhuav;rdbawGurauseyfvdkYNrdKUwufNyD; ynma&;Xmeudk wdkifawmh&mxl;avQmNyD; vuf

axmufq&mtjzp feJY uRefawm fhausmif;udka&mufvmcJhwmyg/

uRefawmfu udk,fhxufvnf;15 ESpfavmuftoufBuD;? ynma&;XmerSmvnf; vkyfouf&ifhvSonfhyifpif&cgeD; q&mBuD;rdkY wav;wpm;jzifhbmaMumifhonfvdkvkyf&ygovJ[kar;Munfhawmh}}uav;wpfa,muf&JU t&nftcsif;udk pmar;yGJppfMunfhrSodrSmvm;uGm}}wJh/]]udk,foifae&wJhuav; t&nf

tcsif; b,favmuf&Sdw,fqdkwmudk,ftodqHk;aygh}}wJh/ ]]awmfaewJhuav;wpfa,mufu pmar;yGJajz

csdefusrS zsm;emaevdkY pmar;yGJrajzEdkif&if tusay;&rSmvm;}}wJh/]]wpfESpf? ESpfESpf usufxm;NyD;

ar;cGef;eJY wnfhwnfhwdk;vdkY Muufuef;qeftdk;wdk; uav;awGtwef;wufoGm ;awmh aum bmt&nf

tcsif; &SdrSmvJ}}wJh/ xdkpOfu xdkq&mBuD;\ ynma&;ESifh ywfoufonfh t,ltqudk uRef awmftHhtm;woifhjzpfcJhrdygonf/

odkYaomfvuf&SdusifhoHk;aeaomynma&;pepft& pmar;yGJrppf r&ojzifh 'Dausmif;rSmawmh pmar;yGJppfyg[k awmif;yef&onf/ onfawmhtajzvTmawGrzsufcsifbl;[kqdkjyefygonf/ aemufwpfqifhavQmh ar;cGef;yJxkwfay;yg/ tajzvTmawGudk uRefawmf zsufygrnf[kqdkrSyifolESifhuRefawmftay;t,l

wnfhoGm;onf/ xdkYtcgusjyefawmhvnf; pmtkyfxJ ygwmawGa&m?rygwmawGa&mNyD; ar;cGef;xkwfonf/ uRefawmfu ]]uav;awGtustIH;rsm;ukefrSmaygh[k ajym&mxdkq&mBuD; jyefajymaom pum;u

tawmfhudkpOf;pm;zdkYaumif;ygonf/]atmifIH;qdkwm udk,fhvufxJ&Sdwm

yJq&m&,f/ q&m tatmifay;csifay;vdkufaygh}}wJh/

,aeYacwftajccHynmausmif;awGrSm Chapter end test[kac:onfhtcef;qkH;ppfaq;csufvywfpmar;yGJawGcPcPppfwmjrifwdkif;xdkq&mBuD;udk uRefawmfowd&rdygonf/ [dkacwfu atmufwdkbm(oDwif;uRwf)rSm yxrtprf;? 'DZifbmrSm 'kwd,tprf;? aemuftwef;wifpmar;yGJBuD;u rwfv (waygif;

v)rSm/ 'DoHk;Budrfppfwmudkawmifpmar;yGJpepfqdkwmBuD;uuav;wpfa,muf&JU t&nftcsif; tppftrSefudkrjyEdkifvdkYxdkq&mBuD;u pmar;yGJ rppfbJ uav;awGudk a&SUwdk;aemufqkwfvkyfcdkif;NyD; atmifIH;

qHk;jzwfowJh/ udk,foifwJhuav;t&nftcsif; b,favmuf&Sdw,fqdkwmudk,fodowJh/ atmifIH;qdkwmudk,fhvufxJrSm &SdwmyJqdkNyD; oifdk;xufausmfNyD; ajzwwfatmifpmtkyfxJrygwmawGyg a&mNyD; ar;cGef;xkwfowJh/ xdkq&mBuD;\ ynma&;t,ltqudk ,ckrS ydk uRefawmfwtHhwMo jzpfrdygonf/

,aeYusifhoHk;aeaom ynma&;

pepft& pmar;yGJ[k trnfrwyfaomfvnf; Chapter end test[kac:onfh tcef;qHk; ppfaq;csuf(wu,fawmhpmar;yGJygyJ)awGuwpfvESifhwpfv qufaeonf/onfwpfvtwGuftajzvTmawGppfvdkY zsufvdkYrS rNyD;ao; aemufChapter end testtwGuftcsdef

Z,m;BuD;u tqifoifhapmifhaeonf/ q&m? q&mrrsm;rSmvnf;ausmif;wGifpmaumif;aumif;oif&onfr&Sd/ pm&if;Z,m;awGvkyf&if;tvum; tcsdefukefqkH;aeMuonf/onfawmh uav;awGudk usL&Sif

rsm;qDodkYtvdkvdkwGef;ydkYovdkjzpfaeavonf/ usL&SifrwwfbJausmif;BuD;wpfckwnf;wufHkESifh onfacwfrSm pmwwfzdkY rvG,fawmh/uRefawmfonfausmydk;tdwfxJrSmpmtkyfawGrqHhrNyJxnfhNyD; usL&Sif

odkYoGm;aeonfhuav;rsm;udkvrf;rSmawGUwdkif; pdwfroufrom jzpfrdygonf/

olwdkYrSmvnf; olwdkYpdwfxufoef&m 0goemADZav;awG&Sdayvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomfolwdkY\ tcsdefydkrsm;udk usL&SifcsdefawG? dkufcsdefawGESifhtpm;xdk;ypfvdkufaomtcg olwdkYrSm0goemyg&mudk vkyfzdkYrqdkxm;ESifh

aqmhzdkYupm;zdkYyiftcsdefr&Sdawmhay/onfawmh ausmi f;qdkwmvnf;olwdkYtwGufaysmfp&mXme r[kwfawmhygacs/ ausmif;aeaysmf pmawmf&rnf[k ausmif;awGrSm qdkif;bkw faw G uyfxm;aom fvnf;uav;i,frsm;\ yHkpHu oHywfay;rSvIyf&Sm;onfh pufkyfuav;rsm;ozG,fjzpfvmavonf/

rdbrsm;uvnf; vywfpmar;yGJawGrSm tqifh(1)wdkY? tqifh(2)wdkY&wmudk wu,fht&nftcsif;[k

xifaeMuonf/ tqifhusroGm;atmifpmNyD;&if;pmESifhtwif;zdtm;awGay;Mu\/ rdwfaqGwpfOD;\om;uav;qdkvQif,ckrSoHk;wef;yJ&Sdao;onf/ uav;obm0 *drf;aqmhwm? wDADMunfhwmudkawmifwdka&&Sm;a& wpfaeYem&D0uf? wpfem&DyJ vkyfcGifh&onf/ olYtqdkt&awmh tvkyfudktcsdefESifhvkyfwwfatmifi,fi,fuwnf;u avhusifhay;jcif;jzpfonf[k qdkygonf/ xdkuav;i,fudkMunfhNyD; uRefawmftvGefyJoem;rdonf/ uRefawmfwdkYi,fi,fonft&G,fu tdrfBudKtdrfMum;? vrf;BudKvrf;Mum; ajy;vTm;

upm;cGifhjyKxm;onfh rdbESpfyg;udk,ckrSydk aus;Zl;wifrd\/tcsKdUaom rdbrsm;usawmh

olrsm;vdk usL&SifawG? *dkufawGrxm;Edkif/ ausmif;rSmvnf; tqifh&csifawmhudk,fhbmomudk,ftdrfrSm

pmrsufESm(27)odkY-


11/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

11SHOOTING & NEWS

aeY&uf - 10- 12- 2013tcsdef - eHeuf(10;00)em&DrSnae(6;00)em&DxdZmwfum;trnf - 0dnmOfac:&m rvdkuf&'gdkufwm - ZrLxGef;oufvGifZmwfvrf;?ZmwfnTef; - udka&Trdk;ouf

okyfaqmif - &Jatmif? aumif;cefh? eef;a'0D? pdk;rdk;Munf

Zmwfvrf;tusOf;ukefonfrdbESpfyg;u arG;zGm;vmwJha&Tydk;tdrf

u dk;dk;at;at;eJYcspfp&maumif;oavmufpl;prf;vdkpdwf&SdNyD; rdbrsm;&Sd&m e,fpyfa'ouae &efukefNrdKUBuD;udkoGm;a&muftvkyfvkyfudkifvdkoljzpfonf/rdbrsm;jzpfolOD;a&TatmifeJYa':tdrfcspfwdkYuvnf;wpfOD;wnf;aom orD;udk tvdkvdkuf&if; &efukefNrdKUBuD;odkYvTwfvdkuf&avNyD/ &efukefudka&mufwJhtcgukrPDwpfckrSm tvkyf0ifvkyf&if; aysmfaysmfaewwfwJhMunfpdefqdkoleJYqHk;jzwfavonf/ tcsdefumvwpfcktxda&mufvmwJhtcg a&Tydk;tdrfeJYMunfpdefwdkY orD;&nf;pm;b0odkY a&mufNyD; a&Tydk;tdrf\

rdbrsm;ESifh awGUqHk&efyif pDpOfaeMuavonf/odkYaomfMunfpdef\ ayghysufysufESifh tptaemufoefum aysmfaysmfaewwfrIaMumifhrdbrsm;ESifhawGUqHkrIrSm ysufuGufcJhavonf/ a&Tydk;tdrfu Munfpdefudk tvGefcspfNyD; tepfemcHaeMujzpfwJhtwGufxHk;pHtwdkif;yifcGifhvTwf&ayonf/ Munfpdef\ rdbESpfyg;rSm ,mOfrawmfwqrIeJYaoqHk;oGm;cJhNyDjzpf

onfhtwGuf rdbESpfyg;rSm rMumcPqdkovdk

wpfywft wGif;

dkufuGif;owif;

csif;awmifuae'Dpdrf;vef;pdkjynfa&;tzGJYrSopfyifawmawmifrsm;xdef;odrf;&efpawumrsm;jzifUvIyf&Sm;rIwpf&yfjyKvkyf

csif;awmifuae'Dpdrf;vef;pdknfa&;tzGJUrScsif;awmifay:&Sdopfifawmawmifrsm; xdef;odrf;&efif;awmifay:odkY oGm;vmonfh

um;rsm;tm; todynm A[kokwap&ef&nf&G,f "mwfyHkESifh pm

wef;yg pawumrsm;ukdum;rsm;wGifuyfjcif;jzifhvIyf&Sm;rIwpf&yfudk csif;jynfe,f? wD;wdefNrdKUe,f?ifurf;&GmwGif jyKvkyfcJhaMumif;

od&onf/,if;uJhodkYjyKvkyf&jcif;ESifhywf

ouf ]csif;awmifay:rSmu wpfpfxufwpfESpfopfawmawGjyKef;

vmw,f/ opfawmawGjyKef;vmwJh

twGuf&moDOwkawGvnf; azmufjyefvmw,f/ 'gaMumifhopfyifawm

awmifawGukdcspfwwfatmifxdef;odrf;wwfatmifqdkNyD; "mwfyHkpawumawGuyfNyD; vkyfaqmif&jcif;jzpfygw,f}[k uae'Dpdrf;vef;pdkjynf

a&;tzGJU0if vli,fwpfOD;uajymonf/uae'Dpdrf;vef;pdkjynfa&;tzGJU

onfwD;wdefNrdKUe,fwGifopfyifrsm; jyefvnfpdkufysKd;jcif;? vuf&Sdopfawmrsm; xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifhvlrIy&[dwvkyfief;rsm;ukdvkyfaqmifae&m tzGJU0ifaygif; 30 cefYjzifhtm;wufoa&m vkyfaqmifaeMu

jcif;jzpfonf/]tckqdk&ifrauG;wdkif;? *efY

a*gbufrSma&m [m;cg;a'owpfavQmufvHk;a&m opfawmopfyifawGt&rf;enf;vmNyD/ 'gawGudktckupNyD; aocsmxdef;odrf;rS aemifvm

aemufom;awGtwGuftqifajyrSmjzpfovdkvuf&Sdurmajrudkxdef;odrf;&mvnf; a&mufw,f/ aemufvnf; 'DvdkrsKd;vIyf&Sm;rIawGjyKvkyfoGm;OD;rSmyg}[k uae'Dpdrf;vef;pdkjynfa&; obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;

odrf;a&;wGifOD;aqmifvIyf&Sm;aeolcsif;wdkif;&if;om;wpfOD;u qdkonf/

qvdkif;xefusifhcGm

Munfpdeftm; t&dyfta,mifjyum vmac:avh&Sdonf/ Munfpdefudk tdrfrufxJrSma&m tjyifrSmygolawmfpifwpfOD;u tNrJwap vdkufvHapmifha&SmufrIaMumifhom Munfpdef,aeYtxdtouf&Sifaejcif;jzpfonf/

wpfaeYMunfpdeftem;rSm b,folrSr&SdwJhtcsdef

MunfpdefrdbESpfyg;\ ac:&maemufodkY vdkufoGm;rd&if; Munfpdefum;wdkufaoqHk;&awmhonf/odkYaomfMunfpdefaoqHk;cJhonfudka&Tydk;tdrftygt0ifMunfpdefywf0ef;usifu vltm;vHk; wpfa,mufrSro dacs / Munfpd efuawm h yH kr Se ftwd ki f;a&Tydk;tdrfem;rSm cspfNrJ? oli,fcsif;awGMum;rSmpaemufNrJyif/ aemufrS a&Tydk;tdrfrouFmaomt&dyfta,mifrsm ; edrdwfyH k rsm;awGUvm& NyD;rdrdcspf&olMunfpdefaoqHk;NyDudkodoGm;aomtcg...

Zmwfaumifrsm;OD;a&Tatmiftjzpf - &Jatmifa':tdrfcspftjzpf - pdk;rdk;Munfa&Tyd k;tdrftjzpf - eef;a'0D

Munfpdeftjzpf - aumif;cefh

ZrLxGef;oufvGif'Dum;av;u b,fvdktcuftcJawGyJ&Sd&Sd

twlwl&ifqdkifajz&Sif;NyD; rysufpD ;wJhtc spfeJYcspfw,f/ b0csif; jcm;oGm;wmawmifopm&Sd&SdeJYwefzdk;xm; cspfoGm;w,fqdkwmudk jycsifwmyg/

yef;jzL

P H T O

NEWS

tar&duef&Sdwuodkvfrsm;xJrStaumif;qHk;wuodkvfukd wufa&mufcsifaom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;twGufJAMES MEDISON UNIVERSITY

James Medison Univer-

tyonftar&duefEkdifiH&Sdwuodvf? aumvdyfaygif;rsm;pGmxJrSTop5%tqifhowfrSwfcHxm;&aom

wuodkvfwpfckjzpfNyD; South U.Sews and World ReportrS

owfrSwfaomyk*vduwuodkvfrsm;xJwGiftqifh2ae&m wGif&Sdonf/

xdkYjyif James Medisonniversityonftar&duefEkdifiHwuodkvfrsm;xJwGif6 ESpft

wGif; bGJU&&SdrIausmif;om;EIef; 82.5mckdifEIef;&Sdojzifhjynfe,fwuodkvfm;wGiftaumif;qHk;tjzpftqifh6 ae&mwGifowfrSwfcHxm;&aom

wuodkvfwpfckjzpfygonf/ taruefEkdifiH Virginia NrdKUay:wGif

wnf&SdNyD; vSyaom ausmif;0if;jzifh

vom? yef;bJwef;? ausmufwHwm; oHk;NrdKYe,fpkaygif;uxdefouFef;uyfvSLyGJudk yef;bJwef;NrdKYe,f? r[modrfawmfBuD; y&d,wdpmoifwdkuf usif;y&m ausmufwHwm;NrdKYe,f? jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;pdk;0if;? yef;bJwef;NrdKYe,f? taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;

;jrwfatmifaX;? a*gyutzGJYOu|OD;[efwdkhu EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,u q&mawmfb'Ee&dEtm; qufuyfaepOf/

wnf&Sdonfhtjyiftar&duef\ NrdKUawmfwpfckjzpfaom WashintonDCodkY tcsdefESpfem&Dom oGm;vm&onfhtwGufausmif;ol? ausmif;

om;rsm;tqifajyvG,fulpGmESifhat;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;Edkif&efa&G;cs,f

oifhaom wuodkvfwpfckjzpfonf/jrefrmEkdifiHrStxufwef;ynm

a&;udkNyD;qHk;atmifjrifxm;olrsm;t

wGufJames Medison Uni-versitywGifpD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m bm

om&yf? qufoG,fa&;qkdif&m bmom&yfrsm;? ynma&;ESifh oufqkdifaom bmom&yfrsm;? usef;rma&;ESifhvlrItusKd;jyKqdkif&m bmom&yfrsm;?

vlrIa&;ESifhtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m odyHbmom&yfrsm;? tEkynmbmom&yfrsm;? odyHESifh enf;ynmbmom

&yfrsm; tif*sifeD,mqdkif&m bmom

&yfrsm;ukd bGJU'D*&Dwef;tjzpfbmom&yftvdkufwufa&mufavhvmEkdifrnfjzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHrStodtrSwfjyK bGJU'D*&D&&Sdxm;olrsm;twGuftoufarG;0rf;ausmif;? bmom&yfrsm;jzpfaom oGm;bufqkdif&maq;ynmbmom&yf? Oya'bmom&yf? aq;ynmbmom&yf? aq;0g;ESifhoufqkdifaombmom&yfrsm;udkavhvmoif,lEkdifygonf/ James Media Uni-versityrS Pathwayrsm;taeESifhtaxGaxGynma&;qdkif&m vrf;

aMumif;rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m bm

om&yfvrf;aMumif;? tif*sifeD,mvrf;aMumif;? odyHenf;ynmESifhwGufcsufrIqkdif&m vrf;aMumif;

rsm;ukdBudKufESpfouf&mwpfcktjzpf

a&G;cs,fwufa&mufEkdifygonf/jrefrmEkdifiHrStxufwef;atmif

jrifNyD;olrsm;ESifh 12 wef;ynma&;atmifjrifNyD;qHk;xm;olrsm;taejzifhIELTS (4.5)odkY TOEFL IBT(45)&&Sdxm;ygu wuodkvfyxrESpfESifhnDrQaom Internation FirstYear (IFY)twef;udk t*Fvdyfpm

wef; (EAP)ESifhwGJzuf 4-sem-ester (16-months)wufa&muf&

rnfjzpfygonf/ IELTS 5.5(odkY)TOEFL IBT (60) &&Sdxm;olrsm;

taejzifh IFYtwef;udk 3-se-mester (12-months)wufa&muf

&rnfjzpfygonf/ IELTS (6.0)(odkY)TOEFL IBT (70) &&Sdxm;oltaejzifhIFYtwef;udk2-semester

(8-months)om wufa&muf&rnf

jzpfNyD; University of Maine\'kwd,ESpfodkYwkdufdkufqufvufwufa&mufEkdifjzpfonf/

IGCSEpmar;yGJudkajzqdkxm;olrsm;onfInternational FirstYear(IFY)wufa&mufNyD;wuodkvf

'kwd,ESpfodkYwkdufdkufwufa&mufEkdifrnfjzpfonf/

James Medison Univer-

sityudk ausmif;0ifcGifhavQmufxm;vdkygu January , May , Au-gustv ausmif;zGifhcsdefrsm;twGuf

avQmufxm;EkdifNyD; tao;pdwfod&SdvdkyguAT&Szkef;( 09-5124761)

ESifhrEav;NrdKUwGifzkef; (09-5062171)wdkYudk qufoG,fpHk prf;Ek difaMumif;od&onf/ pEdk;cs,f&D


12/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

ARTICLE & NEWS12

&ckdif'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf

( ALD )

ARAKAN

LEAGUE FOR

DEMOCRACYrSOu|jzpfol

OD;at;omatmifESifU awGYqHkjcif;rGefrGefausmf

jrefrmEkdifiHuAsmq&mor* yxrtBudrf *kPylaZmfobifusif;y

ar; - zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkqdkwm b,fvdkwnfaqmuf&ygovJ/

ajz - zuf'&,fqdkwm t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;wpfvHk;aygh/ 'gayr,fh'Dzuf'&,f&JUt"dym,fudkcGJxGufa&;qdkNyD; 0g'jzefYcJhwmawG&Sdw,f/wu,fawmh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkeJYuGJxGufa&;? cGJxGufa&;u bmrSoufqkdifrIr&Sdbl;/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkpepfqdkwm EkdifiHawG? jynfaxmifawG? jynfe,fawGukdaygif;

NyD;awmhEkdifiHopfwpfck? jynfaxmifpkopfwpfck wnfaxmifwJhtcg 'Dzuf'&,fpepfudkusifhoHk;avh&Sdw,f/ urmhEkdifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSmvnf; 'Dvdkzuf'&,fpepfudkusifhoHk;wJh EkdifiHawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ zuf'&,fpepf&JU t"duta&;BuD;wJhtcsufujynfe,feJY jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tmPmcGJa0

usifhoHk;wJhpepfyJ/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkpepfrSm jynfe,fjzpfjzpf? vlrsKd;jzpfjzpf? ,lepfjzpfjzpf? jynfaxmifpkESpfckoHk;ckav;ckaygif;NyD;

awmhzGJUxm;wJhpepf? tJ'DpepfrSm jynfe,ftpdk;&&Sdr,f? jynfaxmifpktpdk;&&Sdr,f? jynfe,ftpdk;&u jynfaxmifpktpdk;&udkOya'eJYtnD tmPmcGJa0owfrSwfxm;wJhpepfudkzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkpepfvdkYac:w,f/ tJawmh urmhEkdifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;rSm tJvdktmPmcGJa0wm oHk;rsKd;oHk;pm;avmufawGU&w,f/ yxrwpfrsKd;u jynfaxmifpkudkowfrSwfuefYowfxm;wJh tmPmawGukday;NyD;awmhusefwJhtmPmawGukdjynfe,fawGudkay;xm;w,f/ aemufwpfcku jynfe,fawGudk uefYowfNyD;awmh tmPmawGudkay;vdkufw,f/ jynfaxmifpku usefwJhtmPmawGudk,lw,f/ aemufwpfcku jynfe,fudka&m? jynfaxmifpkudka&m tmPmawGuefYowfxm;NyD; usefwJhtmPmudk jynfe,fua&m? jynfaxmifpkuyg cGJa0usifhoHk;

wJhtmPmcGJa0rIudkawGU&w,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHrSm zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkpepfusifhoHk;zdkYwifjycJhwm&Sdw,f/ 1960 rSm 'gudk taMumif;jyKNyD; wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;&JU epfemrIawG? jynfe,f&JU epfemrIawG? tkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&m b@ma&;qdkif&m trsKd;om;qkdif&m&ydkifcGifhawGyg epfemrIawG&SdwJhtwGufaMumifh

wkdif;&if;om;rsm;u zGJUpnf;yHkudkjyefvnfa&;qGJzdkYwifjyw,f/ tJ'Dtcg zGJUpnf;yHkudkjyK

jrefrmEkdifiH uAsmq&mor*rSBuD;rSL;pDpOfonfhyxrtBudrfouf

BuD;uAsmq&mBuD;rsm ; *kPylZmobifudk7.12.2013 paeaeYeHeuf9 em&Du &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;?

wdkYtm;wufa&mufvmMuonfhuAsmq&mrsm;rSMoumouefawmhcsKd;jzifh

&Sdcdk;uefawmhMuNyD; q&majrvwfarmifjrifholrS*kPylZmuAsmjzifh&Gwfqkd*kPfjyKylaZmfcJhonf/

xkdYaemufjrefrmEkdifiHuAsm q&mor*rSq&marmifpdrf;eD? q&mopmeD?q&marmifvif;&dyf?q&m armifa[rmwdkYrSoufBuD;uAsmq&mBuD; (5)OD;tm;uefawmhcHypnf;rsm; ay;tyf*g&0jyKMuonf/

qufvufNyD; oHCmawmfrsm;tm; aeYqGrf;qufuyfvSL'gef;um


13/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

,ckwpfywfzwfp&ma0;uGmcJU

ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm

igwdkhaoG;om;awG aqG;jrnfUatmifa0;uGmcJh

wpftdrfwnf;aeNyD; a0;uGmcJU&wJhtjzpfrsKd;

pepfqdk;wpfck[m ydwfqdkhwm;qD;cJUw,fa0;uGmcJU

arwmw&m;? udk,fcsif;pmpdwf

xdwfxdwfysmysm

emoHk;emeJhvnf; a0;uGmcJU

aoG;om;xJemaewJUtemudk

eH&HawGqDypfaygufdkufcGJ

igwdkhawG tBudrfBudrfusuGJcJUw,f

a0;uGmcJU

rsufuef;ynma&;

touf&Sifa&;uifqmeJh

ydkvD,dkem avmu"Hc&D;rSmNidrf;csrf;a&;uAsmeJhvnf; a0;uGmcJU

wpfajrwnf;ae wpfa&wnf;aomuf

wpfavSwnf;pD; wpfc&D;wnf;oGm;NyD;

acwfBuD;wpfacwfwnf;rSm

&efolrsm;yrm a0;uGmcJU

a0;uGmcJU

jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rkefwdkif ;

qExkwfazmfa&;vIdif;eJh

y#dyurIdif;eJh

tajccHOya'wHwdkif;eJh

b,fawmhrsm;rS emvefxlEdkifrvJ

b,fawmUrsm;rS tvHxlEdkifrvJ

ckcsdefxdvnf; a0;uGmcJU/ /

opfrsKd;quf

a0;uGmjcif;aw;

oHk;a

Mumi

f;uAsm

&,foHawGMum;rSm

rw&m;ojzifhpnf;pdrfwpfcsdefcsdefylavmifowdvufvGwfi&Jaxmif/ /

a0;ae

qnf;qmcsdefaysmufnudka&mufaomfb,favmufarSmifvnf; Mu,f&Sdonf/ /

armifarmifBuD;(vIdife,fajr)

tvif;

pmbl;awmif;ESifhoyGwftlIyfyHkcsif;awmh vHk;0rwl

Iyfwmcsif;awmh twlwl/ /

acwfNidrf;at;

EdkifiHa&;

&Dyd kwmpmzwfy&dowfrsm;

twGuf,ckwpfywfzwfInTef;qdky;csifaom pmtkyfrsm;rSm aX;armifpnf;wifjyonfh]'Drdkua&pDqdkonfmESifhrif;ESifhjynfolMunfjzLpOfNrJ&TvufwGJvsuf}ESifhoef;0if;vIdif\tmPm&SifAdkvfae0if;\ Zmwfodrf;ef;}}pmtkyfrsm;yifjzpfonf/aX;armifpkpnf;wifjyonfh]'Drdk

ua&pDqdkonfrSmESifhrif;ESifhjynfolMunfjzLpOfNrJa&TvufwGJvsuf} pmtyfrSm EdkifiHwumrStawG;tac:nm&Sifrsm;? EdkifiHa&;ynm&Sifrsm;?ifihHacgif;aqmifrsm;? pmayynm&Sifm;? jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ZmwfcHkay:rS*dKvfrsm; polwdkY\ tqdktrdefYESifh

t,ltq tawG;tac:rsm;? usrf;efvm tqdktrdefYrsm; ponfwdkYudkpnf;vsufaumif;Edk;&m&m xkwfwfwifqufxm;aom pmtkyfwpf

tyfjzpfonf/]]ae&mwdkif;rSm Oya'qdkwm

tyfcsKyfwJhygwDu olYygwD tusKd;

tjrwftwGufjy|mef;wmygyJ/ 'Drdk

ua&pDtkyfcsKyfolu 'Drdkua&pDqefwJhOya'udkjy|mef;w,f/ oufOD;qHydkifrif;qdk;rif;npfuvnf; wpfcsufvTwfOya'aygh/ tJ'DvdkyJaygh'DOya'awGudk jy|mef;NyD; olwdkYtusKd;pD;yGm;twGufjzpfayr,fvdkY'gawG[m wdkif;oljynfom;awG&JUtcGifhta&;jzpfw,fvdkY t"dym,fazmfjyygw,f/ Oya'azmufzsufoludk tjypfusL;vGefolvdkY orkwfNyD;tJ'DvludkOya't& jypf'Pfay;ygw,f}}[lonfh yavwdk\ t,ltqjzifhpmtkyfudkpwifzGifhvSpfxm;onf/

xYkdjyif]'Drdkua&pDqdkwm azmifwpfckESifhwlygw,f/ azmif[m epfjrKyfrSm r[kwfygbl;/ 'gayrJh oifh

ajcaxmufawmhtNrJyJa&pdkaeygvdrfhr,f}&yfqJavmif;

]ow0gwdkYudknOf;qJaomolonf t&d,rnfaom oljrwfr[kwf? tvHk;pHkaom ow0gwdkYudk

rnOf;qJaomoludkomvQift&d,

rnfaom oljrwf[k qdktyf\}"ry'

]uRefawmfwdkYqGJr,fhzGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'us&ifawmhb,ftajccHOya'rSmyJjzpfjzpfyk*vduvlwpfa,mufZmwdygydkifcGifh arG;uwnf;u arG;&mygydkifcGifh'DtcGifhta&;[m ay;&r,f/ umuG,f&r,f} AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;

]ygwDwpfcku EdkifiHawmftmPmudk vuf0g;BuD;tkyfvdkufjcif;[m 'Drdkua&pDusqHk;jcif;ygyJ}um&,fuufyvef

ponfjzifhpHkpHkvifvifpkpnf;azmfjyxm;ayonf/ tqdkyg pmtkyfudk&efatmifpmayrSxkwfa0xm;NyD;rsufESmzHk;'DZdkif;udkEagleuzefwD;ay;xm;onf/ wefzdk;rSm 800 usyfjzpfonf/

oef;0if;vIdifa&;om;onfh]tmPm&SifAdkvfae0if;\ Zmwfodrf;cef;}pmtkyfrSm ppftmPm&SifAdkvfae0if;

ESifh ywfouf bGif;bGif;&Sif;&Sif;a&;om;xm;aom pmtkyfwpftkyfjzpfonf/

]tmPm&SifwdkY\ b0Zmwfvrf;ESifhtmPm&Sifpepfudka&;vdkuf&ay

&m trSefudkbGif;bGif;ESifhxif;xif;BuD; a&;vdkufojzifh wpfpHkwpfa,muf? tzGJUtpnf;wpfck? ygwDwpf&yftm; xdcdkufoGm;vQifoGm;ygap? uREfkyftm; tjypfrScGifhvTwfyg&efuREkfyfum; cc,, awmif;yefaevdrfhrnfr[kwfay/

awmif;yefaevQiftrSefonf,kwfavsmhoGm;acsrnfjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhtmPm&SifESifhywfoufaomwpfpHkwpfa,mufu zwf uREkfyf\ pmtkyfudkrD;IdUypfcsifatmifa'goaygufuGJvmygu pma&;oltaejzifhpmtkyfudka&;&usKd;eyfNyD[k rdrd

udk,fudkrdrdESpfoufauseyfvdkuf&ygawmhonf}[lonfh pma&;ol\trSmpmrS oabmxm;cH,lcsufudkESpfNcdKufrdonf/

pmtkyfwpftkyfvHk;wGifAdkvfae0if; arG;zGm;onfrS tpjyK uG,fvGefonftxd jzwfoef;cJ haomb0ESifhvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? if;ESifhywfoufqufET,faom todkif;t0dkif;rsm;? vlyk*dKvfrsm;? tjzpftysufrs m;udk "mwfyHktaxmuftxm;rsm;ESifhwuG jynfhjynfhpHkpHkazmfjyxm;onfrSm pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;vSonf/ acwfordkif; odrDolrsm;a&m aemifrsKd;qufopfrsm;twGufyg zwfIavhvmoifhaompmtkyfwpftkyfjzpfonf/

tqdkygpmtkyfudkvGifOD;pmayrSxkwfa0xm;NyD; rsufESmzHk;'DZdkif;udkyef;csDaZmfarmifu zefwD;ay;xm;onf/ wefzdk;rSm 2500 usyfjzpfonf/ udkav;

aq;Hkvdktyfcsuft& ajrmufOD;ESifhppfawGNrdKYrsm;&Sdaq;uko&eftcuftcJ&Sdolrsm;tm; tcrJhaq;ukoay;rnf

efukef? 'DZifbm 6&cdkiftrsKd;om;vlrIu,fq,f

&;tzGJU (RNSWO) ESifha'gufwmpmjratmifrdom;pkwdkYrSyl;aygif;q;Hkvdktyfcsufrsm;pGm &SdaeaomjrmufOD;ESifhppfawGNrdKUrsm;&Sdaq;uko&ef tcuftcJ&Sdaeolrsm;tm;tcrJ h aq;ukoEdki fa&;twGufifiHwumrS txl;ukq&m0efBuD;m;udk,fwdkiftaxGaxGa&m*grsm;

ukoay;rnfjzpfaMumif; &cdkiftrsKd;om ;v lr Iu,fq, fa&;tz JG U\m,uq&mawmft&Sifukrm&uefYMum;onf/

]]ajrmufOD;u aq;HkawG&JU vdktyfcsufvnf; trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/jrmufOD;rSm aq;Hku aywpf&m0ef;

usifavmufyJ&Sdw,f/ NrdKUeJYaq;HkeJYvnf; a0;w,f/ aq;HkywfywfvnfrSmvnf; v,fuGif;awGcsnf;yJ?vrf;awGuvnf; raumif;bl;/aq;Hkqdk&ifq&m0efawGuvnf;odwJhtwdkif; qufqHyHkqufqHenf;uvnf; rwlbl;av/ aq;ukozdkYtwGuftcuftcJu trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f}}[kif;rSqufvufrdefYMum;onf/&cdkiftrsKd;om;vlrIu,fq,fa&;tzJGUtaejzifhrlv&nf&G,fcsuftwdkif; &cdkifjynfe,f\ usef;rma&;?ynma&;? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;wdkYudkjrifhwif&ef&cdkifjynfe,f&Sdjynfol

vlxk\ usef;rma&;udk twwfEdkifqHk; ulnDaqmif&Gufay;rnf[laom&nf&G,fcsuftm; taumiftxnf

azmfjcif;jzpfaMumif;? &cdkifjynfe,fomru wdkif;&if;om;nDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;\ vlrsKd;tqifhtwef; cGJjcm;

rIr&SdbJa'ozGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;tm;vkyfaqmi fae Ny D; vdkty fov dk&nf&G,fcsufwlnDaomtzGJUtpnf;

rsm;jzifhyl;aygif;aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; &cdkiftrsKd;om; vlrIu,f

q,fa&;tzJGU (RNSWO)rS Co-founderOD;jrifharmifaX;u ajym

onf/,if;c&D ;pO fwGif uae'g?

a[mifaumif? tar&duef? pifumyl?t*Fvef? MopaMw;vsESifhjrefrmEdkifiH

rS tx l;ukq& m0 ef Bu D ;r s m;ta,mufESpfq,fcefYyg0ifukoay;rnfjzpfNyD; 'DZifbmv 31 &ufrS

Zefe0g&Dv 1 &ufaeYxdajrmufOD;tvdkawmfjynfhausmif;wdkuftwGif;yxrtBudrfaq;ukoay;rnfjzpfaMumif;? Zefe0g&Dv 3 &ufaeYwGifppfawGNrdKUtvdkawmfjynfhausmif;wdkuftwGi f; 'kwd,tBudrf tcr Jhaq;ukoay;rnfjzpfNyD; eHeuf8em&DrSnae (5)em&DtwGif; wpf&ufvQifvlOD;a& 100 cefYom ukoay;rnfjzpfaMumif; jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;usef;rma&;v dktyfc suf&S daeaomae&ma'orsm;pGm&SdaeNyD; qufvuf rdwDvm? ausmufyef;awmif;?yk*H?anmifOD;paom txuftnm

a'orsm;odkYvnf; oGm;a&mufaq;ukorI jyKEdkif&efpDpOfxm;aMumif;od&Sd&onf/ rGefrGefausmf

BOOK REVIEW & POEM 13


14/39


15/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

15R E L I G I O U S

wmuf. . . &m&mpp ...rSoG;ysuf&w,f/ tckrS usKyfwdkYrSmvleJY enf;enf;yg;yg;wlvmw,f/usKyfwdkYb0u bmeJYwlovJqdkawmhrpif


16/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

16 A R T I C L E & N E W S

vlxktajcjyKzuf'&,fESifh'Drdkua&pDoifwef;udk csif;ae&Sife,f

aumifpDESifhwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;a&;&mokawoetzGJU\ tpDtpOfjzifh

qGD'ifEkdifiHrSq&mr (2)OD;ESifhqvdkif;vsefrIef;wdkYu uav;NrdKU wyfOD;oDwm&yfuGuf&Sdcsif;ESpfjcif;c&pf,mefe,ftzGJU (CBA)ausmif;wGifoifMum;zGifhvSpfcJhaMumif; od&onf/

]uRefawmfwkdYtaejzifh 'Doifwef;awGudkcsif;jynfe,ftwGif;uyvuf0NrdKUESifhwGef;ZHNrdKUe,fawGuvGJ usefNrdKUe,ftm;vHk;rSm zGifhvSpfydkYcsay;cJhNyD;jzpfygw,f/ uav;NrdKUuawmh ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;twGif;rSm yxrqHk;zGifhvSpfwJh oif

wef;jzpfygw,f/ jynfe,fESifhwdkif;NrdKUBuD;awGjzpfwJhjrpfBuD;em;? vGdKifaumf? vm;Id;eJY&efukefrSmvnf; (3)

ae&mNyD; ydkYcsNyD;ygNyD}[k tqkdygoifwef;rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u &Sif;

jyonf/qufvuf oifwef;q&m

wpfOD;jzpfol oifwef;q&ma'guf

wmqvdkif;vsefrIef;u ]oifwef;ydkYcs&wJh &nf&G,fcsufawGuawmh

vlxktajcjyKtzGJUtpnf;awGtm;aumif;vmzdkY? vltcsif;csif;? e,fy,fa'otcsif;csif; ulnDdkif;yif;wJh

pdwfawG&SdvmzdkY tajccH vlYtzGJUtpnf;awG&Sifoeftm;aumif;vmzdkY

&nf&G,fNyD; oifwef;rSm ydkYcsoGm;yghr,f/ 'Drdkua&pDqdkwm vlxktzGJUtpnf;awGtm;aumif;vmrIr&SdbJ'Drdkua&pDqdkwm r&SifoefEkdifygbl;/uRefawmfwdkYjrefrmEkdifiHrSm 1962 ckESpf0ef;usifwkef;u zuf'&,fqdkwm cGJxGufa&;vdkYjrifaecJhMuw,f/ cGJxGufa&;ESifh'Drdkua&pDqdkwm oD;jcm;pDyg}[k if;u ajymMum;onf/

tqdkygvlxktajcjyK zuf'&,fESifh'Drdkua&pDoifwef;odkY uav;

NrdKUay:ESifhaus;&Gmrsm;rS csif;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;? ArmvlrsKd;rsm;tygt0ifEkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;pdwf0if

pm;onfh a'ocHaygif; 70 OD;cefYwufa&mufcJhaMumif; od&onf/

qvdkif;xefusifhcGm

vlxktajcjyKzuf'&,fESifU'Drdkua&pDoifwef; uav;NrdKYwGifzGifUvSpf

oD&dvuFmEdkifiH jzpfyGm;cJhaom wrDvfusm;olykefrsm;ESifh tpdk;&wdkY\ wdkufyGJESifhywfouf vlYtcGi fhta &;tzGJU rsm ;ujynfwGif;ppftwGif; taotaysmufpm&if;

aumuf,lzdkYBudK;pm;vmMuonf/ jynfwGif;ppfjzpfay:rIrsm;wGifoD&dvuFmrS wrDvfvlrsKd;rsm;ESifh qif[mvdvlrsKd;trsm;pktkyfcsKyfaom oD&dvuFmtpdk;&wdkY\ jynfwGif;ppfrSm Mum&SnfcJhonf/ vltawmfrsm;rsm;

acsr Ief;c H&aomaMumifh ukvor*ES ifhtaemufEdkifiHrsm;u Iwfcsaom jynfwGif;ppfBuD;vnf; jzpfonf/ wrDvfvlrsKd;wdkYvGwfajrmufa&;twGufwrDvfusm;tzGJUrSm&Gyf&GyfcRHcRHwdkufyGJ0ifcJhygonf/ ajymufusm;

ppfudkqifETJcJhovdktaocHAHk;cGJrIrsm;udkvnf;jyKvkyfcJhMu\/ aemufqHk;wGifoD&dvuFm

tpdk;&ESifhppfwyfu wrDvftrsm;pkaexdkifaom xdkjynfe,fudk a&aMumif;? Munf;aMumif;rSydwfqdkYum tjyif;txef0ifa&mufpD;eif;cJhonf/ wrDvfqdkvQifvufeuf&Sdola&m? r&Sdolyg owfypfcJhaomaMumifhvlrsKd;wHk; ppfyGJ[kwcsKdUu owfrSwfvdkMuonf/odkYaomfoufaotaxmuftxm;rsm; r&Sd rowfrSwfEdkifcJhay/ wrDvfusm;wdkYonf,ciftdEd,ESifh tquftoG,frsm; &cJhonf/ EdkifiHjcm;&SdwrDvfwdkYxHrSvnf; tultnDrsm; &cJhonf/ ,ckwdkufyGJwGiftdEd,wdkYu e,fpyfudktaotcsm vHkNcHKpGm ydwfxm;vdkufjcif;aMumifhtdEd,EdkifiHxJvnf;0ifvdkYr&/ tdEd,bufrStultnDrsm;vnf;r&ESifhjzpfum acsrIef;cHvdkuf&jcif;jzpfonf/jynfwGif;ppf taotaysmufpm&if; aumuf

,l&m 40000 cefY&Sdonf[k od&onf/twdtusum; rod&ay/ xdkYxufvnf;ydkEdkifavonf/

aemufxyfaoG;acsmif;tpD;qHk; jynf

wGif;ppfrSm ,ckavmavmq,fjzpfyGm;aeaomqD;&D;,m;ppfyGJjzpfygonf/ olykefrsm;udkavaMumif;rSwdkufcdkufonftxdjyif;xef\tqdk;qHk;rSm "mwkvufeufoHk;um tpktNyHKvdkufwdkufcdkufjcif; jzpfavonf/ qD;&D;,m;tpdk ;&u rnfonfh ndEIdi f;rIudkr SvufrcHbJ&uf&ufpufpufacsrIef;aejcif;vnf; jzpfygonf/ odkYaomfqD;&D;,m;olykefrsm;udkaemufuG,fu aqmf'Dtma&AD;,m;

vdktm&yfEdkifiHrsm;u tultnDay;aeonf/taemufEdkifiHrsm;uvnf; aiGaMu;? vufeufrsm;? tultnDay;aeaomaMumifhqD;&D;,m;jynfwGif;ppfrSm ydkrdkjyif;xef? ydkrdkeufIdif;vmcJh&onf/ qD;&D;,m;tpdk;&bufrSk&Sm;EdkifiHu tcdkiftrm &yfwnfNyD; ukvor*u qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; rcsEdkifatmifADwdkoHk;um y,fcsavonf/ xdkolykefrsm;xJwGifrlqviftpGef;a&mufrsm; ygaeaomaMumifhay;vdkufaom vufeufrsm;u rlqviftMurf;zuform;rsm;twGuftaxmuftyHhjzpfoGm;rnfudkvnf; pdk;&drfMuavonf/jynfwGif;ppf&SnfMumvmorQ ajrZmyifjynfolrsm;rSm qdk;qdk;0g;0g; cHpm;Mu&rnf

om jzpfygonf/jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfwGif;ppfordkif;udk

jyefvSefMunfhvQifazmfjycJhaom oD&dvuFmjynfwGif;ppf? qD;&D;,m;jynfwGif;ppfwdkYxuf

Mum&SnfovdktaotaysmufrSmvnf; cefY

rSef;xm;onfxufqdk;0g;aeayvdrfhrnf/1948 ckESpfuwnf;u jyif;jyif;xefxefjzpfyGm;cJhaomaMumifh,ckqdkvQifjynfwGif;

ppfoufwrf;rSm 66 ESpfMumjrifhcJhavNyD/ ,aeYxufwdkif&Srf;jynfe,fESifh ucsifjynfe,frsm;wGiftypftcwfvnf; r&yfpJEdkif? Nidrf;csrf;a&;vnf; rwnfaqmufEdkifcJhay/ u&ifjynfe,fwGiftypftcwf&yfpJxm;aom

aMumifh vltaotaysmufr&SdEdkifao;ay/

jynfwGif;ppftqdk;qHk;umvrSm 1948 ESifh1960 ckESpfrsm;umv jzpfygonf/ a&mifpHkolykefumv[k ajym&avmufatmifrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wdkif;vdkvdkvuf

eufudkif tpdk;&udkqefYusifMujcif; jzpfygonf/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;uwnf;u wdkif;&if;om;wdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm; ydwfyifcH&ovdkjynfe,fjynfr cGJjcm;um wdkif;&if;om;wdkY\

wef;wlcGifhESifhudk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifhudkydwfyifxm;aomaMumifhaemufqHk;vufeufrudkifrae&tajctaeodkYa&mufcJhMu&onf/ EdkifiHa&;,HkMunfcsufrwlaom ygwDrsm;udkvnf;tpktNyHKvdkufzrf;qD;aomaMumifholwdkYESifhEdkifiHa&;,HkMunfcsufrwlnDvQifvufeuf

udkifawmcdkjcif;om vkyf&avawmhonf/jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfwGif;ppfordkif;? &Snf

MumrSaom ESpfumvrsm;ESifhwGufcsufMunfhvQifjynfwGif;ppftwGif; aoqHk;olrsm;\pm&if;udkteD;pyfqHk; aumuf,lEdkifayvdrfh

rnf/ wdkif;&if;om;rsm;tvdkufaumuf,lEdkifvQifydkaumif;ygonf/ ucsifjynfe,f

qdkvQifjynfwGif;ppfpjzpfuwnf;u ucsifvlrsKd; b,favmufaoaysmuf'Pf&m&cJhovJ/ aemuf&Srf;? csif;? ytdkY0fponfjzifhoef;acgifpm&if; aumufovdkjynfwGif;ppftaotaysmufpm&if;udkaumuf,lEdkifygonf/ Auy? tvHeD? jynfolY&Jabmfponfjzifh 48 ckESpfuwnf;u pcJhaom awmf

vSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ESifhtpdk;&wyfzGJUwdkYMum;taotaysmufpm&if;udkwGufcsufEdkifonf/tpdk;&wyftaeESifhrl twdtusudk &&SdEdkif\/ tpdk;&wyf\ taotaysmufEIef;ESifhvufeufudkiftzGJUrsm;\ taotaysmufEIef;udk wGufcsufEdkifvQifvnf; teD;pyfqHk;&Edkifavonf/ odkYaomftrsm;qHk; taot

aysmuf&SdrnfrSm ajrpmyifjynfolrsm;jzpfavonf/ urmay:wGifppfyGJrsKd;pHk jzpfyGm;cJhonf/ yxrurmppf? 'kwd,urmppf? ppfyGJBuD; 2 ckjzpfcJhonf/ &mpkESpfESifhcsD ppfyGJrsm; jzpfovdk taotaysmufrSmvnf;aMumufcref;vdvdyifjzpfonf/ 'kwd,urmppftwGif;u aoqHk;olOD;a&rSm oef;50 txd& Sdc JhN yD; yxrur mpp fxufomvGefcJ honf/ qdkAD,ufpp fajrjyi frSmaoqHk;rI trsm;qHk;jzpfum aoqHk;ol 25oef;cefY &Sdonf[k qdkygonf/ xdkYaemufudk&D;,m;ppfyGJ? AD,uferfppfyGJwdkYrSmvnf;taotaysmufrsm;\ txl;ojzifhAD,uferfppfyGJjzpfygonf/ tar&duefppfom;60000? 70000 cefYaoqHk;um AD,uferfjynfol2 oef; ausmfaoqHk;cJh\/ ,ckxd

rNyD;qHk;ao;aom tD&wfppfyGJwGifjynfolaomif;ESifhcsD aoqHk;aeum tmz*efppfyGJwGifvnf; xdktwdkif;yiftMurf;zufAHk;cGJwdkufcdkufrIrsm;aMumifh qdk;qdk;0g;0g; ao

qHk;Mu&avonf/ jynfwGif;ppfyGJjzpfjzpf?EdkifiHtcsif;csif; ppfyGJjzpfjzpf? urmhppfyGJ

yifjzpfjzp f xdkpp fyGJjzpfyGm ;&m a'orSajrpmyifrsm;? xdkppfyGJzefwD;aom um,&Sifrsm; taotaysmuf&SdMuonfomjzpfonf/ xdkppfyGJ\ aemufqufwGJrSm 'ku

onfrsm; jzpfavonf/ 2 zufwyfrsm;wdkufcdkufMuonfhtcg xdka'o&Sdjynfolrsm;onfaoqHk;'Pf&m&MuovdkxdkppfyGJ

ESifh vGwf&modkYvnf; ajy;Mu&avonf/jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfwGif;ppfoufqdk;&SnforQ

vGwf&ma&Smifwdrf;&aom 'kuonfrsm;rSmvnf; rsm;oxufrsm;vmonf/ tdrfeD;csif; xdkif;EdkifiHodkYajy;Muaom 'kuonfrsm;rSm trsm;qHk; jzpfvmonf/ 'kuonfrsm;r[mrif;BuD;Hk;qdkonfudkyifukvor*uoyfoyfzJGUpnf;um wpfurmvHk;wGiftultnDay;ae&onf/ jrefrmEdkifiHrS'kuonf1 oef;ausmf&Sdonf[k qdk\/ twdtusum; rod&ay/ tdEd,EkdifiHwGifvnf; 88ta&;tcif;wkef;u xGufajy;aom 'kuonfrsm;&SdovdkwkwfjynfwGif;vnf; 'kuonfpcef; zGifhvSpfum xm;&Sd&avonf/

ucsifjynfe,fwGif,cktajctaexdtypftcwf&yfpJa&; r,lEdkifao;aom KIA/KIO ESifh tpdk;&ppfwyfwdkY wdkufyGJwGifppf

ab;rSxGufajy;&onfhucsif'kuonfaygif;odef;ESifhcsD&Sdvmonf/ wcsKdUu jrpfBuD;em;vdk? Aef;armfvdk NrdKUrsm;odkYxGufajy;um zGifhvSpfxm;aom 'kuonfpcef;rsm;wGifae&onf/ wcsKdUrSm wkwfjynfodkY xGufajy;&onf/ ppfjzpfaom a'oESifheD;pyfonfhvHkNcHKaom a'orsm;odkYvnf; xGufajy;Mu&avonf/ xdkYaMumifh oD&dvuFmEdkifiHrsKd;wGifjynfwGif;ppftwGif; taotaysmufpm&if;

aumuf,lvQifteD;pyfqHk; &Edkifaomfvnf;

&mpkESpfwpf0ufausmfMumcJhonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHrltaotaysmufpm&if; r&Edkifyg/ tcsKd;pmrsufESm(27)odkY-


17/39

1 5 , D E C E M B E R , 2 0 1 3

17NEWS & ASTROLOGY

15-12-2013 rS21-12-2013

rdef&moDzGm; (Pisces) azazmf0g&D (19) &ufrS rwfv ( 20 ) &uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

ukrf&moDzGm;(Aquarius) Zefe0g&Dv ( 20 ) &ufrS azazmf0g&Dv ( 18 ) &uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

rum&&moDzGm;(Capricorm) 'DZifbmv ( 21 ) &ufrS Zefe0g&Dv ( 19 ) &uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

"Ek&moDzGm; (Sagittarius) Edk0ifbmv ( 23 ) &ufrS 'DZifbmv ( 20 ) &uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

NAdpm&moDzGm; (Scorpio) atmufwdkbmv (23) &ufrS Edk0ifbmv (22)&uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

wl&moDzGm; (Libra) pufwifbmv(23)&ufrS atmufwdkbmv (22)&uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

uef&moDzGm; (Virgo) Mo*kwfv ( 22 ) &ufrS pufwifbm ( 22 ) &uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

od[f&moDzGm; (Leo) Zlvdkifv ( 22 ) &ufrS Mo*kwfv ( 21 ) &uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

u&u#f&moDzGm;(Cancer) ZGefv ( 21 ) &ufrS Zlvdkifv ( 21 ) &uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

arxkef&moDzGm;(Gemini) arv (21) &ufrS ZGefv (20) &uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

Nyd&moDzGm;(Taurus)

{NyDv ( 21 ) &ufrS arv ( 20 ) &uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

rd&moDzGm; (Aries) rwfv ( 21 ) &ufrS {NyDv ( 20 ) &uftwGif; arG;zGm;olrsm;

ewfaumif;ewfjrwfrsm; ulnDaprnfhumv/ ysif;&dcsdefr&Sdatmifudk tvkyfrsm;aevdrfhr,f/&&SdvmwJhtcGifhta&;awGudktoHk;cswwfcJh&ifatmifjrifrI&r,f/ tvkyfrsm;vGef;jcif;aMumifh

a'goBuD;rI? pdwfwdkrIawGrsm;aewwfw,f/ &yfa0;qufoG,frI&r,f/ cspfoltwGufpufkyfwpfkyfjzpfaer,f/rarheJYaemf- a'gou rdkufrJrIeJYpwifNyD; aemifweJYed*Hk;csKyfwmudkrarheJYaemf/

vlwumMum;rSm plygpwm;jzpfaer,fhumv/ ywf0ef;usifrSm ay:jyLvmjzpfaer,f/ cdkifrmwJharQmfvifhcsuf? ,HkMunfcsufawGaMumifh atmifjrifr,f/ aiGaMu;Opm wdk;yGm;r,f/ tvkyfXmeajymif;vJrIawGeJYtusKd;ayr,f/ tcspfa&; pef;yGifhNyD; uHaumif;aer,f/rarheJYaemf- oifhvkyf&yfuoifhtpGrf;tpeJYoifhapwemudk azmfjywmudkrarheJYaemf/

pdwftmHk ysHUvGifhaewwfwJhumv/ tawG;tac:t,ltq w,loefaer,f/ t&m&mudkpOf;pm;rI&Sd&r,f/ ywf0ef;usifeJYoD;jcm;yGifhvif;pGm aexdkifcsifaer,f/ &if;ESD;cifrifxm;olwpfOD;&JU txifvGJrSm;rIcH&r,f/ &yfa0;c&D;ay:r,f/ vufwGJazmfeJYqHkqnf;cGifhjrifw,f/rarheJYaemf-

pdefac:aewJhtcuftcJawGu oifht&nftcsif;tpGrf;tpawGudkjrifhwifay;wmudkrarheJYaemf/

atmifjrifrIaomifurf;udkvSrf;jrifae&r,fhumv/ aiGaMu;t0ifrsm;ovdk&oavmufjyefxGufaevdrfhr,f/ aiGaMu;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrsm; avhvmoHk;oyfNyD;rSvkyfyg/ rdwfaqG&JU usef;rma&;aumif;

ayr,fhaqGrsKd;tBuD;tuJwpfOD;&JU usef;rma&;nHhaer,f/ tcspfa&; odyfaumif;NyD; todkif;t0dkif;Mum;rSm ay:jyLvmjzpfaevdrfhr,f/rarheJYaemf- udk,fh'l;udk,fcRefBudK;pm;zdkY rarheJYaemf/

b0wpfqpfcsKd;ajymif;vJr,fhumv/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGudkxdef;xdef;odrf;odrf; vkyfoifhw,f/tavmif;tpm;udpawGudka&Smifoifhw,f/ EdkifiH&yfjcm;eJYqufoG,f&udef;? oGm;a&muf&udef;BuHK&r,f/ EdkifiH&yfjcm;vkyfief;awGeJYtusKd;jzpfxGef;r,f/ pef;yGifhvGef;vdkYoGm;av&mrSm rsufESmyGifhvef;r,f/rarheJYaemf- vdkvQifBuHq? enf;vrf;&qdkwmudk rarheJYaemf/

tawG;pdwful;aMumifhatmifjrifr,fhumv/ orm;dk;usvkyfief;udkypfNyD; vkyfief;opfwpfckudkwDxGifajymif;a&TUcsifwJhqEjzpfay:aer,f/ pdwfat;at;xm;NyD; pOf;pm;vkyfudkifoGm; &ifawmhatmifjrifrI&r,f/ usef;rma&;nHhaer,f/ ynma&;aumif;ygw,f/ tcspf&moDOwkav; aumif;vdkYaysmf&TifMunfEl;&vdrfhr,f/rarheJYaemf- qHk;jzwfcsufcswJhtcg jrefjrefeJYrSefrSefjzpfzdkYrarheJYaemf/

arQmfvifh? arQmfrSef;csufrsm; atmifjrifr,fhumv/ O,smOf? NcH? ajr0ifudef;&Sdw,f/ um;ta&mif;t0,f? tvJtvS,fvkyfief;awGrSm tusKd;&Sdwwfw,f/ qkvmbfrsm;pGm &&Sdwwfygw,f/usef;rma&; enf;enf;nHhaewwfw,f/ rmecsif;NydKifwJh cspfjcif;aMumifh pdwfnpfp&mjyemBuHKr,f/rarheJYaemf- pdwfxJrSm twGefYrsm;ae&ifrsufESmtwGefYrsm;aerSm rarheJYaemf/

tawG;opf? pdwful;opfrsm; jzpfay:aer,fhumv/ tNydKiftqdkifMum;u &SifoefEdkifa&;udkBudK;yrf;&vdrfhr,f/ vlBuD;rdb? q&morm;? tBuD;tuJwdkY&JU *kPfaus;Zl;aMumifhwdk;wufudef;jrifw,f/ tcspfa&;rSm trSwfrxifpdwf0ifpm;rI jzpfxGef;&mu tMuifemtMunfhav;rsm;jzpfxGef;vmvdrfhr,f/rarheJYaemf- ay;vmwJhtcGifhta&;BuHKvm&ifrdrd&& qkyfudkifzdkYrarheJYaemf/

ZGJvHkYvaMumifhatmifjrifrI&&SdwwfwJhumv/ tcuftcJawGudkowd&Sd&Sd&ifqdkifajz&Sif;oifhw,f/pdwfys,fvGifh&ifawmhatmifjrifrIeJYa0;oGm;vdrfhr,f/ orm"d&Sd&SdBudK;pm;vQifatmifjrifcGifhawGBuHKvdrhfr,f/ tdrf? NcH? ajr? um;eJY tusKd;cHpm;cGifhBuHKr,f/ tcspfa&;rSm Mum;vlaMumifh

pdwfnpfp&m BuHKr,f/rarheJYaemf- aumif;rGefwJhtavhtusifhawGudkysKd;axmifzdkYrarheJYaemf/

tajymif;tvJrsm;pGm awGUBuHK&wwfwJhumv/ b,fudprqdk wpfBudrfwnf;eJY atmifjrifrIr&&Sdwwfyg/ vkyfief;? tdrfae&mXme wdk;csJUajymif;a&TUudef; jrif&wwfygw,f/ aiGaMu;udp?pmcsKyfpmwrf;udpawGrSm t&rf;IyfaxG;wwfygw,f/ cspfolav;u &wemwpfyg;vdktzdk;wefaer,f/rarheJYaemf- a&wdkudkrMunfheJY/ a&&SnfpDrHudef;csNyD; b0udkjzwfoef;zdkY rarheJYaemf/

,SOfNydKifEdkifrSm tEdkif&r,fhumv/ rdwfaqGopf? 0ef;usifopfeJYqufoG,f&wwfw,f/ tawG;opf? tjrifopfaMumifh0ifaiGwdk;yGm;r,f/ pmcsKyfcsKyfqdkrI? uwday;rIawGowdxm;oifhw,f/xl;jcm;wJhatmifjrifrIawGBuHKr,f/ usef;rma&; *kpdkuf/ tcspfaMumifhaysmf&TifcGifhBuHKr,f/rarheJYaemf- uH uH&JU tusKd;udk ,HkMunf? PfeJY0D&d,udk aygif;pyfNyD;vkyfzdkY rarheJYaemf/

pdwful;aumif;wpfckaMumifh0ifaiGwdk;yGm;r,fhumv/ r&nf&G,fbJapmfuJrif;jzpfudef;BuHKr,f/vlwumMum;rSm ay:jyLvmjzpfaer,f/ aqGrsKd;om;csif;awG&JU av;pm;,HkMunftm;udk;rIcH&vdrfhr,f/ &yfa0;a'oc&D;oGm;vmrIeJYtusKd;ay;r,f/ cspfoluHrSrwifruscspftajzrsKd;udkMum;&vdrfhr,f/rarheJYaemf- taMumif;aumif;rS tusKd;vSwmudk rarheJYaemf/

ukrPDaygif;pHkrSvkyfief;aygif;m;pGm vkyfudkifcGifhtcGifhtvrf;rsm;vhvmEdkifrnfhpwkwtBudrftvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;jyyGJudk 'DZifbm1 &ufrS 23 &uftxdOD;0dpm&vrf; wyfrawmfcef;rwGifjyKvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; 'DZifbm 4 &ufowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJrSod&onf/

,if;jyyGJwGife,fy,ftoD;oD;vkyfief;rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;ukrPDrsm;rSif;usif;jyoum tvkyftudkif&vdk

om vli,frsm;ESifhwdkufdkufawGUqktifwmAsL;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfrnf

jzpfaMumif;? vli,frsm;twGufaiGukeftcsdefukefjcif;rSoufompGmjzifhwpfae&mwnf;wGifvkyfief;aygif;pHktm; avhvmEdkif&ef&nf&G,faMumif;jyyGJpDpOfonfhjrefrmEdkifiHvli,fpGefY

OD;wDxGifvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;uajymonf/

]],cifyG JawGwkef;u vma&mufMunfhIwJholawGrsm;wmudkawGU&ygw,f/ yGJtwGif;uaevli,fb,favmuftvkyf&oGm;

ovJawmhajymzdkYcufw,f/ ukrPDawGudkpHkprf;Munfh&oavmufawmh

13 &mcdkifEIef;avmuftvkyf&oGm;w,fvdkY od&w,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh vma&mufavhvmMuyg

w,f}}[kyGJjzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD

Ou| OD;oef;pdk;rS ajymonf/jyyGJaeYrsm;wGifukrPDBuD;rsm;rS CVazmifvufcHjcif;? tifwmAsL;vkyfjcif;? tvkyfcefYtyfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfoGm;rnfhtjyifuRrf;usifynm&Sifrsm;rS tBuHay;aqG;aEG;jcif;?

vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfESifhywfoufaom A[kokwrsm; &Sif;vif;ynmay;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/

tvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;jyyGJudk2011 rwfvwGifyxrtBudrf?2012 Mo*kwfvwGif'kwd,tBudrf?2013 ZGefvwGifwwd,tBudrfjzifh

usif;ycJhaMumif; od&onf/oefYpifOD;

aus;vufa'ozGHY Nz dK;a&;wGif aqG;aEG;yGJrauG;NrdKY vlxktajcjyKtzJGYaygif; 20 jzifh usif;y

'DZifbm (7)&ufaeY eHeuf9;30)em&DrSnae (4;30)em&DtcsdefefYxdrauG;NrdKU pdk;aumrif;&yfuGuf

urf;em;vrf;? eef;xdkufol[dkw,faus;vufa'o zGHUNzdK;a&;wGif

vlx kta jcjyKtzJG Utpnf;rsm ;\tce f;u@qd kif &m aqG ;aE G;y GJ

usif;yaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/tqdkyg aqG;aEG;yGJonfCSO

Civil Society Organization)

vlxkvlwef ;pm; tz JG Utpn f;toD;oD;wGifyg0ifaom tzJGUaygif;0 ESifhtwl rauG;NrdKUe,fNLDwDrS jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;

v,fOD;jrifhodef;? rauG;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfOu| OD;&Jjrifh? rauG;wdif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU pdkufysKd;a&;ifharG;jrLa&;Xme0efBuD; OD;atmifif? rauG;wdkif;a'oBuD; aus;vuf'o zGHUNzdK;a&;Xme wdkif;a'oBuD;;pD;rSL; OD;ae

Documents

Reporter News Journal Issue - 50