DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

A PROJECT ON GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT Ltd

Submitted to:

Prof. D. Shreenivasachary

Submitted by:

Nikhlesh Jindal-10BSPHH010968

Ankit Grover-10BSPHH010099

Anuj Grover-10BSPHH010134

Nitika Thakur-10BSPHH010491

Nabarun Saha-10BSPHH010428

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INDEX

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………..……………………………………………………………………2

PROJECT AT A GLANCE……………………………………………………………………………….…3

SECTION – 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT………………………….…………………………………………6

SECTION - 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION………………………………………………………………...……………….10

SECTION - 3

DEMAND ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT…………………..………………12

SECTION - 4

TECHNICAL FEATURE & EQUIPMENTS OF THE PLANT…………………………………………15

SECTION-5

POWER PLANT CONFIGURATION AND SPECIFICATIONS OF MAIN PLANT

EQUIPMENT……………………………………………………………………………………………...…17

SECTION - 6

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE……………………………………………………………………..31

SECTION - 7

SWOT ANALYSIS…………………………………………………………………………………………..37

SECTION - 8

PLANT LAYOUT & PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION……………………………………...………….40

SECTION – 9

ESTIMATED PROJECT COST……………………………………………………………………………42

SECTION – 10

ESTIMATED POWER GENERATION COST…………………………………………………………...44

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(A) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Electricity Act, 2003, paves way for an innovative approach to solve our

country’s power problems. It has paved the way for a competitive environment;

open access to existing transmission and distribution network to transmit electricity

across regions; de-licensing of generation, captive power and dedicative

transmission lines; licensing of distribution and supply companies and the

restructuring of State Electricity Boards

The Ministry of Power have a mandate to promote cogeneration and renewable

sources for Power generation under Nodal agencies and hence it will play a major

role in mainstreaming renewable energy sector. The advantage or renewable

resources includes their capacity to produce energy without producing carbon-

based warming and polluting agents into the atmosphere. The financial cost of its

applications is not always cheap but if the environmental costs of using fossil are

accounted for, renewable energy wins hands-down. There are also indirect savings

on health and its costs as there are no harmful emissions.

In the above backdrop, Sahil Energy Pvt. Ltd., has decided to set up a 5MW Solar

Power Plant. This Detailed Project Report (DPR) brings out all technical details and

overall costs justifying the selection of the project. The total power generation is

envisaged to be 5MW from Solar Photovoltaic Cell. It is a very important document

that is required for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies, fixation of tariff,

finalizing Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and also for submission to Financial

Institutions for obtaining project funding. The total project cost is expected to be

Rs85 Crores and the average cost of generation is expected to be Rs.12.86 /kWh.

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(B) PROJECT AT A GLANCE

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 The Project 5MW Solar PV Grid Connected Power Project

1.2 Owner SAHIL ENERGY

1.3 Location of Plant ANANTAPUR DIST.

1.4 Location Kadiri

1.5 Distance from District Headquarter

1.6 Access by Road Chennai Mumbai National highway

1.7 Access by Rail Kadiri Railway station

1.8 Access by Air Satya Sai Airport Anantpura

1.9 Telecommunications Telecommunication facility available

1.10 Land It is proposed to install 5MW on the land, admeasuring about ………… Acre, which is already demarcated

1.11 Land Characteristics Barren Land Non Agricultural Land

1.12 The Geographical location of the project site

13'-40' and 15'-15' Northern Latitude and 76'-50' and 78'-30' Eastern Longitude

1.13 Irradiation details considered Kadiri, Anantpur(Dist.)

1.14 Type of Module Mounting Structure Fixed Structures, Earth Mounted

1.15 Type of PV Modules Considered for the offer

Crystalline

1.16 Proposed Capacity 5 MWp

1.17 Capacity of each PV Module 200 Wp

1.18 Invertors Capacity 100 KVA x 50 Nos.

1.19 Projected Energy Production per year 8.3 MU(Assured)

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1.20 Total Project Cost Rs 80. CR

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SECTION - 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

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INTRODUCTION World Economic growth is driven by energy, whether in the form of finite resources

such as coal, oil and gas or in renewable forms such as hydroelectric, wind, solar

and biomass or its converted form. This energy generation and consumption

strengthens the nation’s industries, vehicles, homes and offices. It also has

significant impact on the quality of the country’s air, water, land and forest

resources. For future growth to be both rapid and sustainable, it needs to be as

resource efficient and environmentally benign as possible.

GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY & IMPORTANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY The growth in installed power generating capacity has not kept pace with the

projected demand. To solve this problem, it is necessary to set up more power

plants and most of these power plants will be either fossil fuel based or hydro

electric units. However, the conventional power stations cause enormous damage

to be environment due to pollution and other side effects.

Renewable energy sources energy source are wonderful options because they are

limitless. These will not be exhausted though fossil fuel will be gradually exhausted

in course of time. Also another great benefit from using renewable energy is that

most of these sources do not pollute the environment; the way burning of fossil fuels

dose.

SOURCE OF GREENHOUSE GAS The greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) come primarily from the combustion of fossil

fuels in energy use. Energy use is largely driven by economic growth with short-

term fluctuations in its growth rate created by weather patterns affecting heating and

cooling needs, as well as changes in the fuel used in electricity generation.

The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tones of Carbon Dioxide per

year, but it is estimated that natural processes can only absorb about half of that

amount, so there is a net increase of 10.65 billion tones of atmospheric carbon

dioxide per year. Carbon dioxide is one of the GHG that enhances radioactive

forcing and contributes to global warming, causing the average surface temperature

of the earth to rise. Environment scientists predict that this will cause major adverse

effects, including reduced biodiversity.

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The electricity sector is unique among industrial sectors in its very large contribution

to emissions associated with nearly all air issues. Electricity generation produces a

large share of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide emissions, which contribute to

smog and acid rain and the formation of fine particulate matter in addition to carbon

dioxide. In addition, this sector has significant impacts on water and habitat and

species. In particular, hydro dams and transmission lines have significant effects on

water and biodiversity

WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO It was estimated that in 2005, 86% of primary energy production in the world came

from burning fossil fuels, with the remaining non-fossil sources being hydroelectric

6.3%, nuclear 6.0%, and renewable energy sources, i.e. geothermal, solar, wind,

biomass and wastes contributed only 0.9%.

BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT Large multi-megawatt PV plants, approximately to 50 MW, are now in operation in

the world.

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is known to be an important energy source for developing

countries like India. Its importance is now being reaffirmed even by developed

countries in view of its renewable and environment friendly character. In our

country also, optimum utilization of solar energy could not only lead to savings in

conventional energy but also result in many indirect benefits. In India 2MW solar

PV now are commercially operated by independent power producer. But till now

solar technology is expensive compared to other technology and significant financial

assistance from government is needed to the developers and operators of new

plants.

In view of this, the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources has been

promoting electricity generation from Solar PV in Mega-Watt level. These projects

are covered under the Grid Interactive Solar PV Power Generation Projects of

Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources, Govt. of India. The Ministry initiated

the programme to establish as a viable and environment friendly electricity

generation option.

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BARRIERS IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT

The project has been identified with some barriers as mentioned below: (a) Higher capital cost – The initial capital investment of the project is so high

compared to other conventional power Project, so per MW cost is high.

(b) Low Capacity Utilization factor – the total unit generation is low compared to

other electricity generation system, because maximum of 6 hours in a day

plant gets the solar light and generates the power.

The project being first of its kind in the state, thee could be more risks and barriers

which might surface as the project progresses and it is difficult to enumerate all at

this stage.

BENEFITS OF GRID CONNECTED SOLAR PV POWER PLANT (a) Power from the sun is clean, silent, limitless and free

(b) Photovoltaic process releases no CO2, SO2 or NO2 gases which are normally

associated with burning finite fossil fuel reserves and don’t contribute to global

warming.

(c) Photovoltaics are now a proven technology which is inherently safe as

opposed to other fossil fuel based electricity generating technologies.

(d) No fuel is required for generation, so fuel cost of power generation is zero.

(e) Solar power shall augment the needs of peak power needs

(f) Increase the grid reliability i.e., voltage and frequency

(g) Solar Powered Grid Connect Plants can act as tail end energizers, which in

turn reduces the transmission and distribution losses.

(h) Provides a potential revenue source in a diverse energy portfolio

(i) Assists in meeting renewable portfolio standards goals

(j) Generation of electricity from Solar PV is totally free of Green House Gas

emission.

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SECTION - 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

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INTRODUCTION The proposed 5MWp solar power plant project will generate electricity from

non-conventional sources. The project will use “polycrystalline” technology

for the first time in the state for producing power by solar energy. This

project envisages generation of safe, reliable electricity in an environmentally

friendly way.

BRIEF DETAILS OF PROJECT AREA Kadiri is a taluka under Anantpura District situate in Andhrapradesh

Proposed Solar Power Plant is situated in Kadari

Land area of power plant : 20Acres

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SECTION - 3

DEMAND ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

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INTRODUCTION It is well know fact that electricity is the most essential input for growth and

development of any state. Andhra pradesh is planning to go rapidly in both the

industrial and agricultural sectors and consequently the demand for power is on the

rise. However, despite Andhrapradesh possessing immense potential of power

ranging from Coal to natural gas not taken place on a scale commensurate with the

possibilities. As a result there exists a big gap between conventional and Non-

conventional power generation for power in the State.

SOLAR POWER POTENTIAL IN INDIA India is endowed with rich solar energy resource. The average intensity of solar

radiation received in India is 200 MW/km square (megawatt per kilometer square),

but the amount of solar energy produced in India is merely 0.5% compared to other

energy resources till date

India just have 2.12 megawatts of grid-connect solar generation capacity. As part of

the National Solar Mission, the ministry aims to booster the annual photovoltaic

production to at least 1,000 megawatts a year by 2017. With an installed capacity of

123 GW, the country currently faces energy shortage of 8 percent and a peak

demand shortage of 11.6 percent, In order to sustain a growth rate of 8 percent, it is

estimated that the power generation capacity in India would have to increase to 306

GW in the next ten years which is 2.5 times current levels.

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SECTION - 4

TECHNICAL FEATURE & EQUIPMENTS OF THE PLANT

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BASIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Solar Photovoltaic power generator consists of solar modules in series and

parallel connections, these convert solar radiations into DC electrical power at

the pre-determined range of Voltages whenever sufficient solar radiation is

available. The individual crystalline solar cells are connected together in a

module (in series connection), which are hermetically sealed to survive in rugged

weather conditions and ensures optimum performance during its ling life

In order to achieve a higher system voltage, modules are installed in a row

arrangement, called a string. A higher system voltage has the advantage of

lesser installation work, higher efficiency of the entire plant and usage of smaller

cross section cables. Calculated no. of strings is connected in parallel by cables

in Junction Boxes. These junction boxes not only act as a junction point but also

monitor each string output which will be fed to the central monitoring and

analysis system. Outputs from many such junction boxes are connected in

parallel in the Main Combiner Box (MCB). This Main Combiner Box output is fed

to the central inverters/Power Control Unit (PCU) to invert solar generated DC

power in to conventional 3 phase AC power.

Central inverter or PCU operate on MPPT (Maximum power point tracking) mode

to ensure maximum output from the solar generators at different ambient

conditions. Central inverters use higher system voltages to reach very high plant

efficiency. Furthermore, installations can be expanded with additions of more

modules without problems.

AC power from inverters will be fed to LV panel which in turn will be stepped up

through transformer. Power at 11kv/22Kv will be transmitted by overhead

transmission line to grid.

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SECTION-5

POWER PLANT CONFIGURATION AND SPECIFICATIONS OF MAIN

PLANT EQUIPMENT

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The capacity of the Proposed Solar Power Plant has been fixed at 1 MWp.x

5Nos. The principle factors considered for designing and selection of proposed

plant are local solar radiations, ambient conditions and electrical load

characteristics of major system namely the array and power conditioning unit.

Moreover, the proposed plant is situated at remote village location, so maximum

use of local materials available on site for construction and to retain or preserve

the original appearance of the sire and the environment are considered

SR.NO. ITEM

1.0 PV arrays 50 Nos

2.0 Modules in a string 18 Nos

3.0 String in a array 28Nos

4.0 Inverters 50 X 100 KVA

5.0 Transformer 5Nos

SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT (A) SOLAR PV MODULE

SR.NO. ITEM

1.0 Output Power-Pmax (Watt) 200 Wp

2.0 Voltage at maximum power-Vmp (Volts) 28.60 V

3.0 Current at maximum power-Imp (Amps) 7.02

4.0 Open circuit voltage – Voc (Volts) 36

5.0 Short circuit current-Ise (Amps) 7.55

6.0 Type of solar PV cell Poly Crystalline

7.0 Dimensions 1619MM x 1002MM

8.0 weight 23.50Kg

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(B) SOLAR INVERTER

SR. NO.

ITEM

1.0 Nominal Voltage 230/400 volts three phase, 4

Wire, grid tracking Nominal

voltage can be adjusted by ± 10%

via system stepoints.

2.0 Output Frequency 50Hz ± 0.5% inverter to follow grid

frequency up to ±3Hz of the

nominal output frequency during

normal operation

3.0 Continuous rating 100 kw at unity power factor

4.0 Max DC link Voltage Range 800 volts DC

5.0 MPPT Range 397 to 585 Volts DC

6.0 Control Type Voltage source, microprocessor

assisted output regulation

7.0 Waveform PWM for low THD, sine wave

output

8.0 THD Less than 3 %

9.0 Efficiency Up to 94%

10.0 Internal protection system (using electronic detection)

Internal continuous overload

protection inverter peak current

(short circuit) protection Heatsink

over temperature protection

over/under grid voltage AC

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voltage protection over/under grid

frequency protection Anti islanding

protection

11.0 Alarm Signals Via system fault relay (voltage free

contact)

12.0 Front panel display (LCD) LCD panel with membrane

keypad displaying the following

inverter per phase voltage,

current, kW, kVA and frequency

Grid voltage and frequency

inverter (grid ) on line status PV

panel voltage Solar charge current

and ambient temperature

individual power stage heat sink

and cabinet temperature solar

radiation (optional ) Inverter Import

& export kWh summation solar

kWh summation system stepoints

and event logs

13.0 Front Panel Controls (via keypad) Auto mode selection- Grid

connect Inverter Test Mode

selection System off Mode

selection Fault Reset

14.0 Front Panel Indicators Inverter On line control power

supply OK system Fault

15.0 Circuit Breakers ACB / MCCB

16.0 RFI Design to minimize both

conducted and radiated RFI

emissions

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17.0 Earthing Provisions AC bypassing to earth on inverter

and DC inputs

18.0 Operating Temperature Range 5-50 degrees Celsius

19.0 Humidity 0-90% non condensing

20.0 Enclosure Rate for IP30

21.0 Computer port Isolated RS232 port. Provision for

Mod bus protocol. WiFi, LAN

protocol

22.0 Computer Access The system includes a local

access port as well as a

telecommunication dialup facility

incorporating either a standard

PTSN modem or GSM modem for

remote access. SCADA package

will be windows based OPS-

Coms.

23.0 System feature Adjustable logging repetition from

1 sec to 900 seconds Storage

capacity of up to 3 year with 10

min logs Time and date stamped

log entries Time and Date

annotated fault log, holding the

fault description and operating

statistics View and change system

stapoint configurations remotely

Bulk log download for data

importation into a spreadsheet

where applicable.

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24.0 Logging Attributes A summary of the data logging

abilities supply with the control

system for instantaneous viewing

and periodic logging are listed

below:

System summations inverter

import and export kWh Solar

Parameters Inverter volts, amps,

kW, kVA, frequency Grid volts and

frequency Solar panel temp.

Ambient temperature PV panel

voltage Solar charge current Heat

sink & cabinet temperatures solar

radiation (with external

pyranometer optional).

(C)

415V PCC x 125 Nos

SR. NO. ITEM

1.0 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS

1.1 System particulars

1.1.1 Rated voltage and phases 415 V, 3 Phase, 4 wire

1.1.2 Frequency 50 Hz

1.1.3 System earthing Effectively earthed

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1.1.4 Maximum system voltage 457 V

1.1.5 One minute power frequency withstand

voltage

(a) Power circuit

(b) Control circuit

2.5 kV

1.5 kV

1.1.6 Continuous current rating of busbars

(a) PCC

2000A

1.1.7 Short circuit withstand

(a) PCC

50 kA/1 sec.

1.1.8 Reference ambient 500C max.

1.1.9 Max temp of busbars at rated current 900C

2.0 CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Sheet steel thickness

2.1.1 Frames 2.5 mm cold rolled

2.1.2 Doors 2.5 mm cold rolled

2.1.3 Covers 2.0 mm cold rolled

2.2 Degree of protection IP 52

2.3 Colour finish shade as per IS: 5 Seven tank process painting with

epoxy based

2.3.1 Interior Glossy white

2.3.2 Exterior Shade 631

2.4 Busbar material All alloy of E 91 E grade. For main

bus bars

- copper for Auxiliary bus bars fully

insulated

2.4.1 Bus bra installation Fully insulated

2.5 Earthin bus.

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2.5.1 Material GS

2.5.2 Size

(a) for PCC

By bidder

2.6 Clearances in air of live parts 5-50 degrees Celsuis

2.6.1 Phase to Phase 25.4 mm

2.6.2 Phase to earth 19.4 mm

2.7 Single front design All panels

2.8 Draw out / Fixed type design Rate for IP30

2.8.1 PCC-ACB Draw out type

2.8.2 MCCB Fixed / plug in type

2.9 Incoming supply to PCCs Through cables

2.10 Vertical cable alley Minimum 250 mm

2.11 Cable entry Bottom

3.0 INCOMER CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR PCC

3.1 Circuit breaker type Fully draw out type Air circuit

breaker

3.2 No. of Phases 4 pole

3.3 Rated breaking capacity 50 kA

3.4 Short circuit withstand current 50 kA for 1 Second

3.5 Rated current Refer enclosed SLD

3.6 Type of operating mechanism Motorized spring charged

Motor voltage, 220 V Ac, 1Ph.

3.7 Shunt trip require Yes/No Yes

3.8 Relays / releases / control Overload / Earth fault / short

circuit / static with settable settings

(Microprocessor based)

3.9 Remote communication Through serial link, Port Rs. 485

with formation of bus wires and

communication modem

3.10 Breaker Test-Service selector switch Required

3.11 Local- Remote selector switch Required

3.12 Minimum no. of auxiliary contacts 4 No, 4 NC spare for purchaser’s

use

4.0 OUTGOING CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR PCC

4.1 Circuit breaker type MCCB

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(D) TRANSFORMER

SR.

NO.

ITEM

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 Application Power Transformer

1.2 Quantity 1 No.

1.3 Installation (Indoor / Outdoor ) Outdoor

1.4 Type (Auto / 2 Winding / 3 Winding) 2 Winding

1.5 Rating 1.6 MVA

1.6 Cooling ONAN

2.0 TEMRATURE RISE

2.1 Ambient temp. maximum 45 C

2.2 Temp. Rise of oil by thermometer 50 C

2.3 Temp. Rise of winding by resistance method 55 C

2.4 Impedance at rated current frequency at 75 C 6.25%

4.2 No. of phases TP with N

4.3 Rated breaking capacity 50 kA for 1 sec.

4.4 Type of operating mechanism Manual

4.5 Shunt trip required Yes

4.6 Relays / series releases Overload / short circuit

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3.0 TAPPING: Off Load Tap Changer

3.1 Tapping on winding (HV) +5 to -5%

3.2 Total tapping range +10

3.3 Step 2.5% ( 5 taps)

4.0 RATING

4.1 No load voltages (a) HV Winding 11 kV

(b) LV Winding 433 V

4.2 Frequency 50 Hz 433 V

5.0 TERMINAL CONNECTION

5.1 HV Winding Line end XLPE cable (with heat shrink

terminations)

5.2 HV Winding neutral end ----------

5.3 LV Winding Line / N end XLPE cable (with heat shrink

terminations)

5.4 LV Winding neutral bushing Separate Neutral bushing for earth connection (suitable for 1.1kV grade)

5.5 Earthing conductor for Transformer body (a) Material -- G.I. strip (b) Size -- 60 x 12 mm

6.0 SYSTEM DATA

6.1 System voltages (a) HV Nominal / Highest 11/12 kV (b) LV Nominal / Highest 0.433/0.457 kV

6.2 Fault levels (a) HV (6.6kV) system 40 kA (b) LV (415V) system 50 kA

6.3 System Neutral Earthing (a) HV (11kV) Earth through Resistor (b) LV (415V) Solidly Earth System

7.0 WINDING

7.1 Material of Winding Copper

7.2 Winding connection & vector group HV (11kV) Delta LV (433V) Star

Dyn 11

7.3 Transformer neutral

Type of Earthing (a) HV – Not applicable (b) LV – Solidly Earthed

8.0 MISCELLANEOUS

8.1 Wheels (a) Plain / Flanged : Flanged

(b) Unidirectional / Bidirectional : Bidirectional

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8.2 Winding temp. indicator required Yes

8.3 Any special final paint required (Epoxy etc.) Epoxy painting

9.0 Additional features for terminal

connection

9.1 HV cable box: With disconnecting chamber, phase segregated type, provided with space heater thermostat

9.2 LT cable box

9.3 Separate LV Neutral bushing: Required for earth connection to earth pit

9.4 Neutral CT after bifurcation 2000/1 A, class PS for 64R, 2000/1 A, CL 5P10, 15 VA for 51NS shall be provided

NOTES: (1) Transformers shall be provided with necessary accessories

(E) HT CABLES

SR. NO. ITEM

1.0 Voltage Grade 11 kV (UE) grade cables, heavy duty

2.0 Conductor Stranded Aluminium

3.0 Conductor Screen Semi – conducting compound

4.0 Insulation XLPE

5.0 Inner sheath Extruded PVC (Type ST-2)

6.0 Outer sheath Extruded PVC (Type ST-2)

7.0 Armoring Galvanized steel strips for multi-core cables and non-magnetic Aluminium wires for single core cables

8.0 Cable Operating Temperature 90 C

9.0 Short circuit withstand current

capacity

40kA for 1 sec.

10.0 Short circuit withstand temperature 250 C

(F) LT CABLES

SR. NO. ITEM UNIT

1.0 POWER CABLE

1.1 Voltage Grade V/V 1100V for 415V system

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1.2 Frequency Hz 50

1.3 Earthing system - Solidly earthed system for 415V system

1.4 Conductor -

1.4.1 Material - Annealed Cu

1.4.2 Max withstand Temp -

(a) Normal condition C 90

(b) Short circuit condition C 250

1.4.3 Conductor type - Stranded

1.4.4 Grade - H4

1.5 Insulation -

1.5.1 Material - XLPE

1.5.2 Reference standard - IS 7098, Part I and Part II

1.6 Inner Sheath -

1.6.1 Material - FRLS PVC

1.6.2 Type - ST2

1.7 Outer Sheath -

1.7.1 Material - FRLS PVC

1.7.2 Type - ST2

(G) EARTHING & LIGHITNG PROTECTION CODES & STANDARDS The earthing of all outdoor equipment and provision of associated earthing

systems, electrodes and connections shall be in accordance with the

recommendations in the latest IEEE 80/IS 3043.

DESIGN CRITERIA GROUNDING SYSTEM The grounding design calculation shall conform to ANSI / IEEE Standard 80-

2000.

Earth electrodes shall be provided throughout the plant areas along with the

main earth grid. The number of earth electrodes shall be according to achieve

the total earth grid resistance less than one (1) ohm. Earth electrodes shall be

provided in earth pits. The earth pits shall be of two types namely treated with

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test links and untreated. Earth electrodes shall be of heavy duty GI pipes, 40

mm dia and 3 meter long. The main buried grid conductors shall be connected

to all the earth electrodes to form a total earth grid.

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GROUNDING MATERIAL Galvanised steel flats of required size shall be used as per approved design. In

any case the minimum size shall be 75 x 10 mm. GS strip for earthing conductor.

Treated earth pits shall conform to relevant INDIAN Standards. The earth grid shall

be installed specified / approved depth of minimum 600mm.

EQUIPMENT EARTHING The frames of all electrical equipment and structural steel work shall be earthed by

connection to earth grid by branches of same cross sectional area of the earth

grid.

LIGHTINING PROTECTION SYSTEM Power plant needs protection against Lighting. The system will be designed as

per IS: 2309 and Indian Electricity Rules.

Vertical air termination of 40mm diameter, 3 M long shall be provided above

highest point of array to provide radius of protection full array.

(H) STRUCTURAL MOUNTING EQUIPMENT

SR. NO.

ITEM

1.0 Type Ground Mounting 2.0 Material MS Galvanized 3.0 Overall dimension As per design 4.0 Coating Hot dip (Galvanized) Minimum of 130

Micron size 5.0 Wind rating 150 km / hr 6.0 Tilt angle 30

7.0 Foundation PCC 8.0 Fixing type SS 304 Fastners

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SECTION - 6

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHILOSOPHY The proposed Organization structure for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of

the power plant is presented in the exhibit. In order to ensure a high level of

performance of the power plant, it is proposed to induct experienced O&M

engineers from the very beginning of the project.

BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE O&M TEAM The basic structure and the broad functional area within the O&M organization

would be as follows:

The Plant Manager would have the primary responsibility for the O&M of the power

plant. The organization will compromise of four broad functional areas viz.

Operation, Maintenance, Technical and Administration. The basic duties covered

under each of these functional areas would be as follows:

Operation (a) Operation of main generating equipment, switch yard and other auxiliary

plant.

(b) Except for the Power Station Superintendent all other operating personnel

would work one shift basis.

(c) The day to day operation of the power plant will be controlled by the

Manager who will be assisted by the Control room operators and engineers.

Maintenance (a) Maintenance of mechanical and electrical plant, control systems, buildings,

roads, drainages and sewage systems etc.

(b) Operation of the plant, planning and scheduling maintenance works and

deciding the requirement of spare parts

(c) The Plant Manager will be assisted by departmental engineers, who take

care of the maintenance aspects of all mechanical, electrical and I&C

requirement

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(d) Trained technicians will be employed to assist the maintenance group in day

to day maintenance of the plant.

Administration The main responsibilities of this department will be as follows:

(a) Purchase

(b) Plant Security

(c) Liaison with local labour officers

(d) Stores management

(e) Medical Services

(f) Transport services

FACILITIES TO BE EXTENDED TO THE EMPLOYEES The number of employees required for operation of the proposed power plant will be

around 10 numbers. The personnel required for administration and finance &

accounts also will be provided. The following facilities will be provided in the power

plant.

(a) Administration Building and Technical Office (b) Stores (c) Time and security offices (d) First Aid and Fire Fighting Station (e) Toilets and Changes rooms

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Ordinary Maintenance Ordinary Maintenance, which covers routine checking and minor refurbishment

activities to be performed according to operation manuals of components /

equipments in operating conditions.

Emergency Maintenance Emergency Maintenance, which is corrective maintenance to be performed when a

significant failure occurs. To minimize forced outages duration, an effective

Emergency Maintenance must be supported by:

(a) A proper stock of spare parts

(b) Permanent monitoring and diagnostic systems for main components.

Maintenance Plan and Scheduled Maintenance Scheduled maintenance is carried our according to maintenance plan, which should

be discussed and optimized according to the needs of the customer / client.

The maintenance plan is based on scheduled outages for the following components:

(a) Cleaning of Solar Module

(b) Power Processing System

(c) Switchyard equipment

MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The maintenance of this plant will be carried out as per the above philosophy. This

system aims at maximizing the availability of the plant, while ensuring minimum

maintenance cost and safety of the plant and personnel.

SPARE PARTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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The primary objective of spare part management system will be to ensure timely

availability of proper spare parts for efficient maintenance of the plant without

excessive build-up of non-moving and slow moving inventory.

The spare parts management system for this project will cover the following areas:

(a) Proper codification of all spares and consumables

(b) Spare parts indenting and procurement policy

(c) Ordering of critical mandatory and recommended spares

(d) Judicious fixation of inventory levels and ordering levels for spare parts

based on experience.

(e) Development of more than one source of manufacturer / supplier whenever

practicable.

AVAILABILITY OF O & M MANUALS All contracts include provision of at least 6 sets of details O&M manuals, which will

be distributed to all departments concerned well in advance from the commissioning

date of the power plant to avoid problems in preparation of commissioning

documents as well as proper installation and commissioning procedures of various

equipments.

SPECIAL TOOLS AND TACKLES All contracts will include the provision for supply of one set of all types of special

tools and tackles, which are required for installation, commissioning and proper

maintenance of plant and equipment.

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CHECKLISTS AND PROTOCOL A detailed checklist for the various equipments, supplemented with the checklist

submitted by the supplier shall be drawn and logged for future reference. This will

also form part of the plant’s base history / datum.

Whenever an equipment in commissioned, the important parameters of that

particular equipment should be observed for a period of eight hours and the

readings shall be logged as per the log sheets. These activities shall be performed

in the presence of the customer / consultant and a protocol shall be signed.

SAFETY AND PROTECTION The importance of safety and the protection of personnel and equipment cannot be

overemphasized. The system must be designed to minimize hazards to operation

and maintenance personnel, the public, and equipment. The control subsystem

must be equipped with various fuses, built-in fault detection and protection

algorithms to protect the users, the loads, and the PV system equipment. The

safety of an operator or technician is of the utmost importance. Personnel must be

protected from electric shock by following all available safety practices. Such as

displaying high voltage warning signs wherever necessary. In general, the system

must adhere to the IS Codes and standards dealing with safety issues.

Some of the important safety criteria are as follows: (a) Electrical components should be insulated and grounded

(b) All high voltage terminations (> 50 Vdc) should be properly covered and

insulated

(c) All component with elevated temperatures should be insulated against

contact with or exposure to personnel

(d) Structures should be grounded and ground fault relays installed to give

warning of ground faults in the array or other electrical components.

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SECTION - 7

SWOT ANALYSIS

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SWOT ANALYSIS. Non – Conventional Sources, which are renewable in nature, are termed as the

alternate sources of energy. The Challenges of the present – energy scenario

offer us a window of the opportunity in the form of renewable energy sources.

The Power from the sun is clean , silent , limitless and free. Photovoltaic (PV)

process releases no CO2 , SO2 or NO2 gases which are normally associated

with burning finite fossil fuel reserve and don’t contribute to global warming .

Solar power shall augment the need of peak power needs & increases the grid

reliability I.e , Voltage and frequency. Solar Powered grid connect plants can act

as tail end energizes , which in turn reduces the transmission and distribution

losses.

(a) Geographically India is situated at northern hemisphere near the

Equator. So India gets maximum solar irradiation and there is ample of

scope to produce the power from solar PV. But till now this area is totally

virgin area for producing power.

(b) This is true that solar PV efficiency is very low compared to other power

generation systems , Lots of R&D is going on the improve the efficiency.

Solar PV generates electricity only at day time , So the proposed solar

PV Power plant generates power on an average only about six hours in

day time.

(C) India is potentially one of the largest markets for solar energy in the

world. The estimate4d potential of power generation through solar

photovoltaic system is about 20 MW/Sq.km in India. It is useful for

providing grid quality, reliable power in rural area where the line voltage

is low and insufficient cater to connected load. Recent Government

incentives and policies have been providing the momentum for PV in

India . The Government of India already declared national Action plan on

climate change released in mid 2008, identifies eight critical mission –

one of which is the National Solar Mission.

(d) In comparison to other sources of power generation, the PV solar power

is totally dependent in nature . The capacity utilization factor of such type

of plant is only 19%. Because averagely in the year we get 6 hr sunlight

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in a day . Only this particular interval solar plant generates electricity.

In comparison to other conventional power generating units, solar power

generating unit has many advantages like.

(a) No fuel is required for power generation.

(b) Operation & Maintenance Manpower required is less.

( c) Plant will be running smoothly for a long period as compared to other

conventional power generation units.

(d) In environmental perspective , solar power plant generates clean energy

and gets maximum clean development mechanism (CDM) benefit as

compared to other conventional power generation units.

Considering all the above points, solar power generating potential is always

ahead of all other conventional power generating units in economical &

Environment point of view.

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SECTION - 8

PLANT LAYOUT &

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

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INTRODUCTION.

This layout of the plant and facilities for the proposed solar power plant is largely

dictated by its location, shape and road etc. Involving minimum eviction, the wind

rose pattern, land use pattern of adjoining area and the direction of power

evacuation.

IMPLEMENT CONCEPT

The project is planned to be implemented at the earliest . The most essential

aspect regarding the implementation of this project is to ensure that the project is

completed with in the schedule , spanning 6 months from the placement of

purchase order.

A good planning , scheduling , and monitoring program is imperative to complete

the project on time and without cost overruns.

The project zero date start once the kick- off meeting has taken place and the

advance payment has been received.

PROJECT IMPLEMETATION STRATEGY.

It is envisaged that the project will have the below mentioned phase of activities .

These phases are not mutually exclusive ; to implement the project on fast track

basis some degree of overlapping is envisaged.

Phase I Project Development

Phase II Finalization of the Equipment and contracts

Phase III Procurement and Construction.

Phase IV Plant Commissioning

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SECTION – 9

ESTIMATED PROJECT COST

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BASIS FOR COST ESTIMATION The capital cost of the plant has been estimated taking into account the cost of civil & structure works, transportation, installation, testing, commissioning charges and contingencies. Land cost is not considered as land is already available. The cost of material and electrical equipment has been estimated based on budgetary quotation received previous quotations for other projects and in house cost data suitable altered. Excise duty is exempted as per MNRE consideration. Packing, forwarding , inland transportation and insurance at the rate of 2.5% for all equipment and systems including spares have been considered. Erection, testing and commissioning charges are considered as 8% of supply cost for mechanical and electrical equipment. 3% of the equipment cost has been considered towards cost of initial spares. Cost of civil works has been estimated based on data available for similar projects. Power plant life is considered as 25 years.

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SECTION – 10

ESTIMATED POWER GENERATION COST

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COST OF POWER GENERATION Basis for Generation Cost Estimation

Debt-Equity Ratio shall be 70:30

Rate of interest on loan shall be 10.0% p.a.

Depreciation shall be 10.34% for plant & machinery and 3.34% for Civil work

The working capital is insurance expenses for one year in advance and one

month requirement of spares and consumables

Eligibility for working capital loan is 75% of total working capital & interest rate on

the loan is 12% p.a.

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Refrences:

http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110927005580/en/Satcon-Chosen-Landmark-5-

Megawatt-Project-Arizona

http://www.google.co.in/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=Project+of+5+Mega+Watt

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-04/world-bank-backed-azure-completes-5-

megawatt-solar-power-project.html

http://www.reeep.org/485.17860/greenergy-renewables-pvt-ltd.htm

http://www.airvoicegroup.in/gepl.htm

http://gpenergy.net/

http://www.outbacksolarproject.com/2011/10/outback-5-megawatt-solar-project.html

http://green.tmcnet.com/channels/solar-power/articles/223414-satcon-chosen-landmark-5-

megawatt-project-arizona-western.htm

http://www.renewablewire.com/solar-power/satcon-chosen-for-5-megawatt-solar-project-by-

arizona-western-college.html Text Book: Project Finance In Theory And Practice- Stefano Gatti Project Appraisal and Finance – Prasanna Chandra