5. Solar Power Plant

8/10/2019 5. Solar Power Plant

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SOLAR POWER PLANT





SOLAR TROUGH COLLECTOR





SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS – TROUGH

COLLECTORS

• All the collectors track the path of the sun on their longitudinal

axes. The mirrors concentrate the sunlight more than 80 times on a

metal absorber pipe in the line of focus. This pipe is embedded in an

evacuated glass tube to reduce heat loss.

• A selective coating on the absorber tube surface lowers emission

losses. Either water or a special thermal oil, runs through the

absorber tube.

• The concentrated sunlight heats it up to nearly 400 °C, evaporating

water into steam that drives a turbine and an electrical generator.

After passing through the turbine, the steam condenses back into

water that is returned to the cycle .



SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS – TROUGH

COLLECTORS

• A fossil burner can drive the water-steam cycle during periods of

bad weather or at night.

• In contrast to photovoltaic systems, solar thermal power plants can

guarantee capacity. This option increases its attractiveness and the

quality of planning distribution over the grid.

• Thermal storage can complement or replace the fossil burner so that

the power plant can be run with neutral carbon dioxide emissions.

In this case, heat from storage drives the cycle when there is no

direct sunlight.

• Biomass or hydrogen could also be used in the parallel burner to

run the power plant without carbon dioxide emissions.





SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT – TOWER TYPE



SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS – TOWER TYPE

• The solar field of a central receiver system, or power tower, is made

up of several hundred or even a thousand mirrors, called heliostats,

placed around a receiver at the top of a central tower.

• A computer controls each of these two-axis tracking heliostats with

a tracking error of less than a fraction of a degree to ensure that the

reflected sunlight focuses directly on the tower receiver, where an

absorber is heated up to temperatures of about 1000 °C by the

concentrated sunlight.

• Air or molten salt transports the heat and a gas or steam turbinedrives an electrical generator that transforms the heat into

electricity.



SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS



SOLAR PANELS



SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC GENERATION

• Solar energy, an important form of the renewable energy, is being

used extensively in solar water heaters and solar cookers.

• Solar energy is also being used on the large scale for generating

electricity by using the devices called solar photovoltaic cells or solar

cells or PV cells.

• The photovoltaic cells are the devices that convert solar energy

directly to electricity without the need of any other intermediary

device.

• The first solar photovoltaic cells were made in the year 1950 when

they were used in the US space satellites.

• At present the photovoltaic cells are being in a wider range of

devices from calculators to spacecrafts.




• The construction material used for photovoltaic cells is silicon, a

crystalline substance found easily on earth.

• To construct the photovoltaic or solar cell thin wafers of silicon are

formed from its crystal.

• Two wafers of opposite electrical properties are joined together with

the wires to enable the flow of electrons between them.

• When the sunrays fall on the photovoltaic cells the electrons start

moving from one layer of silicon chip to the other layer in natural

manner because of the difference in properties of the two layers.

• The amount of electricity produced by the single photovoltaic cell is

very small.• The single solar cells are used in the devices that require very small

amount of electricity these include calculators, small light bulbs,

watches etc.




• It is the photovoltaic cells arranged in the form of arrays that find

wide range of applications in our day-to-day life.

• The electricity generated from photovoltaic cells is stored in battery.

• This electricity can be used in the homes and businesses for lights

and other appliances, in the street lights, billboards, emergency

lights, solar lanterns etc.



LIST OF INSTALLATIONS

Name Technology Capacity Country

Solar energy

generating

systems

Parabolic

trough354 United states

Nevada solar

one

Parabolic

trough64 United states

PS10 solar

power tower

Solar power

tower 11 Spain

Liddell power

station

Fresnel

reflector0.36 Australia



LIST OF INSTALLATIONS – UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Name Technology Capacity Country

Ansaldo1 solar power

station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Spain

Ansaldo 2 solar power

station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Spain

Ansaldo3 solar power

station

Parabolic trough 50 MW

Spain

La Risca 1 solar power

station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Spain

Solnova 1 solar power

station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Spain

Solnova 3 solar power

station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Spain

Energia solar

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Spain

Extresol 1

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Spain

Hassi R’mel

Parabolic trough

20 MW

Algeria

PS20 solar power

station

Power Tower 20 MW Spain

Beni mathar plant

-

20 MW

Morocco

Solar tress power

tower

Power Tower

17 MW

Spain

Keahole solar power

Parabolic trough

1 MW

Hawaii

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5. Solar Power Plant