each reference was reviewed to determine values for water use during hydrayulic fracturing

some references described single or multiple wells for a single project, some were compilations from many wells

reference authors year location formation lithology stages/well stage size (thousand gal)

SPE 59735 2000 ss 48-75

CIM 95-44 1995 Alberta Cardium ss 21

SPE 35196 1996 ss 46-75

SPE 59735 25SPE 115769 2010 Cotton Valley ss 1 420

SPE 144365 2011 ss 685

SPE 144425 2011 LA-TX Haynesville upper Jur sh 300-412

SPE 144076 2011 NE US Marcellus sh 172

SPE 143960 2011 OK Cana Woodford sh 839

SPE 149061 Eagleford Cret. sh 11 to 15 317.9*

SPE 141211 2011 Marcellus sh 8,9 411, 550

SPE 140507 Barnett sh 10 to 11 325

SPE 139981 2011 Eagleford sh 10 to 12 313-377*

SPE 140524 2011 Barnett sh 2 to 4 921 to 1900

SPE 130369 2010 Barnett sh 2 to 4 500-1000

SPE 137078 Marcellus sh 3.8MM/well

SPE 136873 Eagleford sh 10 to17 504O&G Journal 1982 Barnett sh 1 855

SPE 27694 1994 TX, Al, Wy 1 300SPE 80912 2003 TX Barnett sh 1 >500

SPE 104306 2006 Marcellus sh 1 840 - 1.26MSPE 144365 2011 Cotton Valley ss 1 685SPE 144321 2011 Marcellus sh 1 1.09MM

SPE 144321 2011 Marcellus sh 1 672SPE 140105 2011 Barnett sh 8 to 10 311SPE 137078 2010 Marcellus sh 3 to 4 MM per wellSPE 138277 2010 Barnett sh 210 to 3.15MMSPE 136807 2010 slickwater app sh 1 1-2.5 MMSPE 138446 2010 Eagleford sh 16 467SPE 138425 2010 Eagleford sh 10 462 to 525SPE 135469 2010 LA-TX sh 12 500SPE 133874 2010 Barnett sh 1 500 to 2 millionSPE 133874 4 to 37 * 75 to 714*SPE 119635 2009 Woodford sh 13 to 48 420 - 462SPE 120271 2009 Barnett sh 1 to 40, 5* 740*SPE 125079 2009 Haynesville sh 10 336 to 504

SPE 125336_general 2009 6 to 10 252*SPE 107844 2007 Barnett shSPE 111063 2007 Utica sh 1? 1MMSPE 144321 2011 Marcellus sh 1 to 17 1.09MMSPE 115769 2010 Barnett 1 2.52MM

BakkenBakken 30 84000

Denver-Julesberg Basin Niobrara ShaleDJ basinProducer

2120665 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 18 1202120681 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 19 452120761 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 12 + 11 23, 302120756 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 17 40

WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk2120821 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 18 872120663 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 20 1582120782 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 19 1042120750 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 15 642120672 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 20 982120690 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk

2120818 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 12 862120818 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 9 961520232 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 16 108

Chesapeake 1520195 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 13 151Chesapeake 1520199 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 12 161Chesapeake 1520198 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 12 152Chesapeake 1520190 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 12 178Chesapeake 1520191 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 15 176Chesapeake 1520189 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 12 150Devon 1520219 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 15 124RKI 3120064 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 11 66Powder River Basin

922023 WYOGCC 2012 WY Niobrara chalk 2 1145Chesapeake 928568 WYOGCC 2012 WY Niobrara chalk 12 202Chesapeake 928412 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 15 133Chesapeake 928323 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 14 247Chesapeake 928312 WYOGCC 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 14 240Chesapeake 928291 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 14 330Chesapeake 928358 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 15 239Chesapeake 928290 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 15 248Chesapeake 928272 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 12 176Chesapeake 928281 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 13 226Chesapeake 928403 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 16 241Chesapeake 928354 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 20 161Chesapeake 928283 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 20 237Chesapeake 928347 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 16 159Chesapeake 928346 2011 WY Niobrara chalk 18 235Chesapeake 928305 2011 Niobrara 16 249Chesapeake 928471 2011 Niobrara 12 168Sunshine Valley Pe 921918 2010 Muddy SS 458Helis 928280 2011 Niobrara chalk 13 119Abraxas 2726801 2011 Niobrara chalk 15 97Strachan Explor 2523706 2011 Niobrara chalk 10 171SM Energy 928416 2011 Niobrara chalk 15 103Petro-Hunt 561213 2011 Niobrara chalk 14 109Devon 561202 2011 Niobrara chalk 12 176Devon 561117 2011 Niobrara chalk 12 175Lance O&G 929658 2011 Niobrara chalk 20 118Windsor Energy 542461 2011 Niobrara chalk 1 41

average 190

* = calculated

per stage (gal.) average per stage notes total fluid petrophysics

48,000-75,000 61,500

21,000 21,000

46,000-75,000 60,500

25,000 25,000420,000 420,000 design test well

685,000 685,000 1MM sand and 5.719MMlbs water

300,000-412,000 356,000

172,000 172,000 models

839,000 839,000

317,900 317,900 295,000 lbs sand 51,140-509,500 lbs brittle, 70% calc. 11% clay

411,000, 550,000 480,500 used 20% flowback water

325,000 325,000 400K lbs sand

313,000-377,000 341,500 3.2-4.2M lbs sand

921,000-1,900,000 1,410,500 table of stats

500,000-1,000,000 750,000 table of stats

3,800,000/well

504,000 504,000 carbonate shale 300,000# sand855,000 85,500 3,352,500# sand300,000 300,000 1MM# sand

>500,000 600,000 63,000# sand840,000-1,260,000 1,050,000

685,000 685,000 1MM# sand1,090,000 1,090,000 750K# sand

672,000 672,000 800K# sand311,000 311,000 200,000# sand

3,000,000-4,000,000/well210,000-3,150,000 1,680,000

1,000,000-2.500,000 1,680,000467,000 467,000 7.4MM per well

462,000-525,000 493,500500,000 500,000 6MM per well 20-40% flowback

500,000-2,000,000 1,250,000 up to 4.2MM/well as little as 20% recovery75,000-714,000 394,500 * = average, table of # of bbls per stage for plays table of # of stages by plays

420,000-462,000 2,520,000740,000 740,000 1 - 8 MM well

336,000-504,000 435,000252,000 252,000

1,200,000/well 1.2MM per well

672,000-1,092,000 882,0002,520,000 2,520,000 design test well

average 685,862

linear gel frac 2,160,000855,000

linear gel frac 680,0001,566,0003,160,0001,975,050

966,267tracer 1,959,850tracer 1,221,700

1,032,000864,000

1,728,0001,963,0001,928,9801,819,1082,137,698

gel 2,642,424gel 1,801,107gel 1,858,400tracer, costs 726,000

2,290,0002,424,000

gel 2,000,299gel 3,455,338

3,353,9904,618,122

gel 3,591,563gel 3,726,344gel 2,110,750

2,943,3993,850,7623,213,1824,737,0712,539,3764,233,2733,978,8812,011,000

costsgel 1,540,500slickwater, gel 1,455,000

1,707,800gel 1,538,200

1,526,0002,112,670

gel 2,100,0002,353,509

41,369

table of # of stages by plays

Electrical Generation EPRHydro 205 280Wind 18 34Solar PV 3 6Nuclear 14 16NG 2.5 5Oil 0.7 2.9Coal 2.5 5.1

Extraction of petroleum EPRtar sands 4offshore 20Middle East 100

CAS # Name Mass fraction7732-18-5 Water 72.06111-30-5 Glutaraldehyde 0.0066

65455-14-9 Surfactant 0.002868953-56-2 Organiphilic Clays 0.0119000-30-0 Guar Gum 0.27

54742-47-8 Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light 0.2877727-54-0 Diammonium peroxidisulphate 0.06

102-71-6 2, 2, 2 - nitrilotriethanol 0.082605-79-0 Decyl-dimethyl amine oxide 0.02

75-57-0 Tetrametethylammonium chloride 0.091303-96-4 Sodium tetraborate decahydrate 0.05

56-81-5 1. 2. 3 - Propanetnol 0.914803-60-7 Crstalline silica 26.95