CISB113 Fundamentals of Information Systems IS Development

CISB113 CISB113 Fundamentals of Information Fundamentals of Information

SystemsSystems

IS DevelopmentIS Development

Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:• Describe the phases in the systems

development cycle

Looking at Information SystemsLooking at Information Systems (again..)(again..)

System Information Systems

Manual Information Systems

Computer Based Information Systems

A collection of interrelated components that work together to perform a specific task

A combination of hardware, software, network, data, people and procedures organized together to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization

IS not supported by any IT elements

e.g.Physical file storing, manual attendance record,

IS being enabled by IT

e.g.Hotel Booking System, RFID enabled class attendance system

• Is a process• Consists of several phases• Each phases is controlled by dedicated personnel• Also known as systems development lifecyclesystems development lifecycle

Building Information SystemsBuilding Information Systems

• Organizational process of developing information systems to solve business problems and needs.

• Combination of various activities.

System Development LifecycleSystem Development Lifecycle


• Problem DefinitionProblem Definition– Details about what the users want out of the systemDetails about what the users want out of the system– Sets direction of the systemSets direction of the system– Sets the system scope/boundarySets the system scope/boundary– Resources to be made available are also defined hereResources to be made available are also defined here


• Feasibility StudiesFeasibility Studies– Determines to see if the project is technically or Determines to see if the project is technically or

economically feasibleeconomically feasible– Determines best method to achieve the objectives of the Determines best method to achieve the objectives of the

projectproject– Outcome should be a recommendation for a new systemOutcome should be a recommendation for a new system– To be agreed by the higher managementTo be agreed by the higher management


• System analysisSystem analysis– More data gathering is required.More data gathering is required.– Ways data are gathered –Ways data are gathered –

• QuestionnairesQuestionnaires• InterviewInterview• ObservationObservation• Studying DocumentsStudying Documents

– Translating what user wants into the features required to Translating what user wants into the features required to the system.the system.

– Studies existing systems, and propose how the new system Studies existing systems, and propose how the new system should work/look like (specifications)should work/look like (specifications)


• System DesignSystem Design– Translating the analysis results into Translating the analysis results into

the design.the design.– Gathered info/data to be translated Gathered info/data to be translated

in design (Flowchart, ERD, DFD)in design (Flowchart, ERD, DFD)– Sketching Story board, Screen DesignSketching Story board, Screen Design– Identifying Data DictionaryIdentifying Data Dictionary


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A Flowchart

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Entity Relationship Diagram

• System DesignSystem Design

System Development LifecycleSystem Development LifecycleData Flow Diagram (DFD)

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Data Dictionary

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Screen Design

• System DevelopmentSystem Development– Translating the design specification into a system using Translating the design specification into a system using

tools (programming language, database)tools (programming language, database)– Source codeSource code


• System TestingSystem Testing– System should be fully tested for errors before System should be fully tested for errors before

implementationimplementation– Three types of testing :Three types of testing :

• Unit Testing Unit Testing • Integration Testing Integration Testing • User Acceptance TestingUser Acceptance Testing


• System ImplementationSystem Implementation– The phase contains 2 types of activities, training and The phase contains 2 types of activities, training and

conversionconversion– Four implementation typesFour implementation types

• Direct ImplementationDirect Implementation• Parallel implementationParallel implementation• Phased ImplementationPhased Implementation• Pilot implementationPilot implementation


• System MaintenanceSystem Maintenance– To eliminates errors in the system during its life timeTo eliminates errors in the system during its life time– To tune in accordingly to new requirements/variationsTo tune in accordingly to new requirements/variations– If major change is needed, a new project is necessary. If major change is needed, a new project is necessary.


• Estimating Costs and TimeEstimating Costs and Time• Forming a Project TeamForming a Project Team• Capturing and understanding user requirementCapturing and understanding user requirement• Management supportManagement support• Choosing the right approachChoosing the right approach• TestingTesting• MaintainingMaintaining• User acceptanceUser acceptance

Problems in System DevelopmentProblems in System Development

Describe each phase of System Development Lifecycle

Can you …Can you …

Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:• Describe the phases in the systems

development cycle

Questions?Questions?