CISB113 CISB113 Fundamentals of Information Fundamentals of Information

SystemsSystems

Data ManagementData Management

Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:• Describe database and how it is used to retrieve

information for decision making.• Describe common terms in the studies of database

Looking at data, information and Looking at data, information and knowledge knowledge (again..)(again..)

Data Information Knowledge• A “given” fact; a number,

a statement, or a picture• Represents something in

the real world• The raw materials in the

production of information

• On its own is not meaningful.

e.g. Lim C Instructor

Data that was converted into meaningful and useful context for end users

e.g. students results

An understanding or a familiarity develop from looking/studying the information, can lead to decision making

e.g. It seems that Dr Davidson is probably doing a better teaching job compared to Dr Jacobs

DatabaseDatabase

• IT applications/IS cannot be done without using some kind of data

• Businesses run on data that have been processed to information and knowledge

Data is stored in database• Data stored in database will be used to generate

information to support day to day business process and/or business decision making

Database – the common termsDatabase – the common terms

• A Database:– A collection of interrelated data

• Database Management System (DBMS) is:– A software system designed to store, manage, and

facilitate access to databases.• E.g. Oracle, DB2, SQL Server

By using this database, you By using this database, you can examine the Sales table can examine the Sales table to find that 5 bolts have been to find that 5 bolts have been purchased. Then you can purchased. Then you can check the Order table to find check the Order table to find out that the purchase is done out that the purchase is done by Customer Id AAA002 . by Customer Id AAA002 . Then you can check the Then you can check the Customer table to find out Customer table to find out that Customer Id AAA002 is that Customer Id AAA002 is actually Samantha Jonesactually Samantha Jones

Database – The basic ideaDatabase – The basic idea

Database ElementsDatabase Elements

• File or table– A group of related records– Database stores data in table

Table : User

Database ElementsDatabase Elements• Field or data item

– Represents an attribute (characteristic) of entities (object, person, place, event)

– The column in a table– Data

• Record– Grouping of all the fields

used to describe the attributes of an entity

– The row in a table– Information

Database ElementsDatabase Elements• Data Type - A data type defines what kind of value a

column/field can contain. Done through DBMS. It is a classifying to determine the types of data. E.g. alphanumeric, numbers, currency, dates

Types of DatabaseTypes of Database

• Operational Database : A database that stores data/information collected from the day to day business operation.

• Data Warehouse : A collection of integrated databases designed to support DSS functions, where each unit of data is non-volatile. It is maintained separately from the organization’s operational database

• Data mart : Smaller data warehouse focuses on a particular subject or department. It is a subset of data warehouse/departmental data warehouse.

Types of DatabaseTypes of Database

Business IntelligenceBusiness Intelligence

Business Intelligence Process

• A process that uses sophisticated, advanced data manipulation technology to extract and identify useful information and subsequent knowledge from large database

• A major step in managerial decision making today is forecasting or estimating the results of different alternative courses of actions

• Data in data warehouses are analyzed to reveal hidden patterns and trends– Market-basket analysis to identify new product bundles– Market-basket analysis over time to identify product bundles in

a long run– Target marketing to identify group of potential clients by

analyzing pattern and predicting future behavior

Data MiningData Mining

Entity Relationship DiagramEntity Relationship Diagram• A graphical representation of entities and their relationships to

each other, typically used in computing in regard to the organization of data within databases or information .

• To be used in the design of a database for information systems.• systems

Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:• Describe database and how it is used to retrieve

information for decision making.• Describe common terms in the studies of database

• Describe database• Identify the common data elements in a

database• Explain data warehouse• Explain data mart• Explain business intelligence• Explain data mining• Explain ERD

ExerciseExercise

Questions?Questions?