Appendicular Skeleton(12.03.08)

SISTEM MUSKULO-SKELETAL2. APPENDICULAR SKELETONKOD: MAAP 1113

3. Pelvic Girdle2. Upper Limb1. Pectoral Girdle4. Lower LimbAPPENDICULAR SKELETON

PECTORAL GIRDLE Scapula

Clavicle

ClavicleTulang panjang

Bersambung pada manubrium (sternum) - sternal extremity - sendi sternoclavicular

Bersambung pada skapula- acromial extremitySuperiorInferior

ScapulaTulang leper-segi tiga Posisi- posterolateral ribs cage

ScapulaAnteriorPosterior Glenoid cavity- humerus

Acromion process- clavicle

Coracoid process-memberi perlekatan pada otot bahu

UPPER LIMB Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

HUMERUS Head- glenoid cavity (scapula) Greater dan lesser tubercle- tempat perlekatan otot bahu. Intertubercular groove- lekuk diantara greater dan lesser tubercle- Tempat perlekatan tendon otot biceps Distal-permukaan articulates- ulna dan radius

RADIUS & ULNA Tulang lengan Elbow joint humerus Wrist joint pergelangan tangan (carpal bones) Radioulnar joints- antara radius dan ulna

WRIST AND HAND

CARPAL 8 tulang carpal- 2 barisan Proximal Scapoid -Lunate -Triquetral -Pisiform Distal -Trapezium -Trapezoid -Capitate -Hamate

METACARPAL5 tulang metacarpal (I-V)Posisi- Proximal- carpal - Distal- phalanges

PHALANGES14 tulang phalanxIbu jari- 2 (proximal dan distal)Jari lain- 3 (proximal, middle dan distal)

PELVIC GIRDLE

PELVIC GIRDLE Terdiri daripada: 2 innominate bones 1 sacrum Acetabulum- hip joint- femur

PELVIC GIRDLEInnominate bones Ilium tulang leper - sacroiliac joint Ischium- inferior dan posterior Pubis- anterior -symphysis pubis

Brim of Pelvis

LOWER LIMB

FEMURTerpanjang dan terkuatHead- hampir sfera - acetabulumArticular condyle- tempat percantuman tibia dan patella- knee joint

TIBIA Proximal- luas dan leper- 2 condyle (lateral dan medial) tibiofibula joint knee jointDistal-ankle joint-talus dan fibulaMedial bone

FIBULALateral boneProximal head-lateral condyle tibiaDistal- lateral malleous -tibia

PATELLABerbentuk segi tigaKnee jointPosterior- permukaan patella pada femurAnterior- patellar tendon

FOOT

TARSALTerdiri daripada 7 tulang tarsal

METATARSALTerdiri daripada 5 tulang metatarsal (I-V)

PHALANGES14 tulang phalanx

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