Appendicular Skeleton Lecture Notes

ANATOMY

LATIN TERMS

Odon = toothPect = breastPelv= basinSutur= seam

Vert = turn; jointEndo = withinEpi= uponLamina = thin plate

/ FibulaTARSALS

PHALANGES

PHALANGES

HUMERUS

Clavicles are “S” shaped bones that originate at the superior lateral border of the manubrium of the sternum (jugular notches)

Scapulas are flat bones located at the posterior lateral portion of the body.

SUPERIOR

INFERIOR

MEDIALLATERAL

Brachium and Antebrachium

Brachium = Upper Limb 30 bones per limb Brachium contains the humerus Antebrachium or forearm contains the radius

& ulna (radius on thumb side) Carpus or wrist contains 8 small bones

arranged in two rows Manus or hand contains 19 bones in 2

groups– 5 metacarpals in the palm– 14 phalanges in the fingers

Upper Limbs: (Brachium)

Humerus is a long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow.

The superior round portion that articulates with the scapula is known as the head

Be able to identify the greater and lesser tubercles…PAGE 242 in AP book. Important site for muscle attachment

Any blow to the ulnar nerve will send a sensation known as a funny bone

BONES OF THE FOREARM (Antebrachium)

The humerus articulates with the radius and ulna at a location known as the condyle

Ulna is a long bone that is medial to the radius.

The olecranon process is the superior end of the ulna and is the point of the elbow

Radius is the lateral bone of the forearm

PAGE 243 in AP book

CARPAL BONES The carpus is the wrist

containing 8 carpal short bones Is this diagram showing

correct anatomical positioning????

Metacarpals are short bones that articulate with the distal carpal bones to support the hand

Roman numerals are used to identify the metacarpals from lateral to medial

Phalanges (14 finger bones) that articulate distally to the metacarpal bones

Thumb is known as the pollex

V I

IVIII II

Checking for understanding!

Skeleton worksheet: Color the axial and appendicular skeleton and then identify ALL the bones of the ENTIRE skeleton.

Use pages 207 and 239 in the A & P book. Colored pencils can be found in the back of

the room.

THE PELVIC GIRDLE aka Ossa Coxae

Ilium

PubisIschium

Pubic symphysis made of cartilage

Comparison of Male & Female

Female: less massive, shallower pubic arch greater than 100 degrees, and pelvic inlet round or oval

Male: heavier, upper pelvis nearly vertical, coccyx more vertical, and pelvic inlet heart-shaped, outlet smaller

HINT: Woman’s pelvis must be larger to allow for childbirth.

LOWER LIMBS

                          

FEMUR pg 250

Longest and heaviest bone in the body

Head

Neck

Shaft

Greater Trochanter

CONDYLE

A triangular Sesamoid bone

Enclosed within the tendons

Guards the knee joint

Tibia and Fibula Tibia- Large medial bone

that articulates with the condyles of the femur and helps support weight

Tibia= shinbone Fibula - Parallels the

lateral border of the tibia and aids in moving the foot and toes

Tarsals, MetaTarsals and phalanges Tarsals= ankle and heel Heel= Calcaneus Metatarsals=middle of

the foot and Roman numerals are used to identify the metatarsals from medial to lateral….this is opposite than the metacarpals

Phalanges- 14 toe bones, the great toe #1 has 2 phalanges and the other 4 toes have 3 phalanges

III

IIIIV

V

JOINTS(aka…

articulations)

HUMAN ANATOMY

LATIN TERMS that you will find very helpful in remembering JOINTS!

Arthros = joint Syn = together Amphi = both sides Dia = through Planta = sole In = into

Synarthrosis

Amphiarthrosis

Diarthrosis (synovial joints)

Use pg. 268 in your book to identify the various types of joints and and examples per the human body!

Dislocation (luxation)– Articulating bones are forced out

of position by extreme stress– Can cause damage to cartilage,

ligaments or distort the joint cavity

Subluxation– Partial dislocation– Less severe– “double-jointed” persons more

likely to suffer subluxation

Gliding– 2 surfaces slide past

each other Circumduction Rotation Flexion/extension Supination/pronation Opposition LABEL THE

PICTURES ON YOUR HANDOUT

Pg. 263-267

Inversion/eversion Retraction/protraction Depression/elevation Dorsiflexion/plantar

flexion Lateral flexion Abduction/adduction

Pg. 263-267

THE END

Choose ONE of the following terms to “graffiti” on the blank piece of paper:– Appendicular Skeleton– Joints– Pectoral Girdle– Pelvic Girdle– Carpal Bones– Tarsal Bones– Dislocation

On the back, explain what each letter is and how it relates to the term you chose.

Make your graffiti COLORFUL & CREATIVE!!!