Lower Appendicular Skeleton

Pelvic GirdleComposed of sacrum, coccyx, and 2 coxae (hipbones)Coxae have 3 distinct parts:IliumIschiumPubis

Pelvic Girdle, continued..Coxae parts fuse together in the acetabulum, a cup-shaped area on the lateral surface of the hip that receives the head of the femur.

IliumLargest and uppermost portion of the coxaThe upper edge is called the iliac crestJoins the sacrum at the sacroiliac jointAnterior superior iliac spine- the bony prominence you feel as your hipbone

IschiumForms the lowest portion of the coxaIschial tuberosityPoints posteriorly AND downwardSupports the weight of the body when sittingIschial spine a sharp projection above the ischial tuberosity, near the junction of the ischium and ilium

PubisAnterior portion of the coxaTwo pubic bones join midline at the symphysis pubis jointPubic arch Angle formed by pubic bones below the symphysis pubisArch is wider in females

Female vs. Male Pelvis

Lower LimbFemurPatellaTibiaFibulaTarsalsMetatarsalsPhalanges

FemurLongest and strongest bone in the bodyHead at top fits into __________of coxaGreater trochanter superior, lateral processLesser trochanter inferior, medial processDistal end:Two rounded processes posteriorly: lateral condyle and medial condylePatella articulates anteriorly

Tibiaaka, shin boneProximal end:Medial and lateral condyles are concave and articulate with condyles of the femurTibial tuberosity just below the condyles; attachment point for patellar ligamentDistal end: medial malleolus forms prominent bony point of inner ankle

FibulaProximal: headArticulates with tibia just below the lateral condyleDOES NOT enter into knee joint or bear any weightDistal: lateral malleolus forms outer prominent bony part of ankle

Ankle (Tarsals)Tiger Cubs Need MILCTalus (A)Calcaneus (heal bone) (K)Navicular (B)Medial cuneiform (D)Intermediate cuneiform (C)Lateral cuneiform (I)Cuboid (J)

Side View of the Bones of the Foot

Foot5 metatarsals numbered 1-5 starting mediallyHeads at distal ends form the ball of the footPhalangesToesEach toe has 3 phalanges, except the big toeWhat are the phalanges of each toe called? (HINT: Just like the fingers)Which phalanx is the big toe missing?

JointsAKA articulations functional junctions between bonesFunctions:Bind parts of the skeletal systemMake bone growth possiblePermit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirthEnable the body to move in response to skeletal muscle contractions

A: anterior surfaceB: posterior surface*Bones of right leg, viewed from the front*