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Jeong-Hee Seo, Ph.D. (jhseo@keris.or.kr)
Principal Researcher, Primary & Secondary Education Information Center, KERIS
ICT in Education Networks International Symposium11-12 June 2009, Rome, Italy
ICT in Education Networks International Symposium11-12 June 2009, Rome, Italy
Project Overview
Concept of Digital Textbooks
Related Projects and Researches
Issues and Challenges
Contents
Digital Natives Highly familiar with the digital environment
Familiar to computers rather than textbooksFamiliar to computers rather than textbooks
Skilled at multitaskingSkilled at multitasking
Seeks swift responses & immediate interaction
through the Internet.
Active, Participatory, Prosumer, DIY
Highly familiar with the digital environment
Familiar to computers rather than textbooksFamiliar to computers rather than textbooks
Skilled at multitaskingSkilled at multitasking
Seeks swift responses & immediate interaction
through the Internet.
Active, Participatory, Prosumer, DIY
Rapid Development of Technology : Ubiquitous SocietyRapid Development of Technology : Ubiquitous Society
Convergence of Internet, Broadcasting, telecommunication
Web 2.0 : Wikipedia, YouTube, Flickr…
Virtual Spaces
Cosmopolitan
Convergence of Internet, Broadcasting, telecommunication
Web 2.0 : Wikipedia, YouTube, Flickr…
Virtual Spaces
Cosmopolitan
Need for Change
Project Backgrounds
Need for Change in Education
The cultivation of the talented leaders of the futureThe cultivation of the talented leaders of the future
Vision and objectives of DT Project Vision and objectives of DT Project
Need for cultivating the future human resources
Need for cultivating the future human resources
Need for developing future-oriented learning materials Need for developing future-oriented learning materials
Basis for future-oriented,advanced education system
Basis for future-oriented,advanced education system
• Development of new human resources to lead Korea’s future• Need for a learning environment for cultivating the creative minds
• Development of new human resources to lead Korea’s future• Need for a learning environment for cultivating the creative minds
• Encourage cooperation from related ministries and add value• Take the initiative in establishing the standards for technology of digital textbook
• Encourage cooperation from related ministries and add value• Take the initiative in establishing the standards for technology of digital textbook
• Futuristic materials over the limitation of paper textbooks
• Improvement of the textbook system and introduction of the digital textbook
• Futuristic materials over the limitation of paper textbooks
• Improvement of the textbook system and introduction of the digital textbook
Participatorylearning
Activeclassrooms
Equal Rightsto Education
• Director-General of Information Policy Bureau• e-Learning Supporting Division• Digital Textbook Team
• Director-General of Information Policy Bureau• e-Learning Supporting Division• Digital Textbook Team
Digital Textbook TeamDigital Textbook Team
Advisory BoardAdvisory Board
Head : Vice MinisterHead : Vice Minister
Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyScience and Technology
(MEST)(MEST)
Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyScience and Technology
(MEST)(MEST)
KERISKERISKERISKERIS
Digital Textbook Task ForceDigital Textbook Task ForceDigital Textbook Task ForceDigital Textbook Task Force
Implementation Structure of DT ProjectImplementation Structure of DT Project
First stage (2002-2006) Basic studies of digital textbooks
Third stage (2013~ ) Dissemination of digital textbooks
Second stage (2007-2011)
Development of digital textbooks (25 kinds)Management of pilot schools (100 schools)Analysis of effectiveness & side effectsPreparation for distribution & system improvement
Master Plan of DT ProjectMaster Plan of DT Project
Development
Of Digital
Textbooks
6 Kinds 19 Kinds
8 shools 112 shools20 shools
Master Plan of DT Project(2)Master Plan of DT Project(2)
Development of digital textbooks and expansion of pilot tests
Running Pilot-
test Schools
※some of the national textbooks for elementary school, some of the authorized textbooks for middle schools
※including schools testing the digital textbooks and other selected schools to research on u-learning
Project Main activities Project Main activities
16 Tasks in
6 Areas
Development ofDigital
textbook
Teachertraining
Implementingthe learningenvironment
Distribution andquality
management
Improving and publicizing legal
Impact andeffectiveness
analysis
Concept of Digital Textbooks
Links to Links to national national
knowledge knowledge DBDB
Links to Links to contents owned contents owned by many institutionsby many institutions
Evaluation FunctionEvaluation Function
Learning Learning management management functionfunction
AuthoringAuthoringToolTool
FunctionFunction
Paper-based Paper-based TextbookTextbook
Plan links to HW/SW viewer
Plan for Deployment/manintenance & Repair/Quality management
Design methods for interactions among students/teachers/
computers
Develop & secure content/DB design
Link of learning management/evaluati
on/authoring tools
DigitalizationDigitalization
Concept of Digital Textbooks Concept of Digital Textbooks
Conceptual Diagram of Digital Textbooks
Concept of Digital Textbooks Concept of Digital Textbooks
Comparison of paper-based and digital textbooks
Category Digital Textbooks Paper-based Textbooks
Data Type
In addition to the text and images provided in paper-based textbooks, digital textbooks offer multimedia materials.
Two-dimensional, linear
learning materials composed of text and images
Data Update Can swiftly reflect new facts and
knowledge Data is fixed, and thus is
difficult to change
Data Collection
Can be connected to diverse
education materials or public databases
Substantial time and expense
required to search for materials outside of the textbook
Media IT devices (Tablet PC/Desktop PC) Printed media
Relations with other subjects
Can link subjects of different grades,
or link with different subjects Specialized textbook in which
subjects are disconnected
Method Interactive learning can be facilitated
by connecting teachers, students, and computers
One-way learning that focuses
on delivering knowledge
Effect on Class
Enable student-centered class
activities and self-directed learning Unilateral classes, impossible to
have education tailored to learners’ level
Concept of Digital Textbooks Concept of Digital Textbooks
Can be looked up whether at Can be looked up whether at schools or homesschools or homes regardless of time and space regardless of time and space
Integrates Integrates all the contents from pre-existing all the contents from pre-existing textbooks, references, workbooks, dictionariestextbooks, references, workbooks, dictionaries and and provides a provides a multimedia learning environment multimedia learning environment including videos, animations and virtual reality.including videos, animations and virtual reality.
A student-centered textbook A student-centered textbook which is designed to which is designed to promote various types of promote various types of interactioninteraction and allows and allows students to work according to their students to work according to their needs and needs and levelslevels
Definition of Digital Textbook by Korean MEST(2007)
Writing, Underlining, Making note, Moving pages etc.
Function of Digital Textbooks Function of Digital Textbooks
1. Paper-based Textbooks
Provide various multimedia contents and learning materials
Role-playRole-play
Video Clip:Let’s Meet thewriter
Video Clip:Let’s Meet thewriter
VR ContentVR Content
Animation & SimulationAnimation & Simulation
2. Abundant Learning Materials
Function of Digital Textbooks Function of Digital Textbooks
3D figure &Planar figure3D figure &Planar figure
CompositionComposition
Voice Recognition
Voice Recognition
Tool for mapping(Social science), Drawing figures(Math), Practicing Speaking (Eng), Composing music(Music), etc.
Function of Digital Textbooks Function of Digital Textbooks
3. Support Tools for Learning
EvaluationEvaluation
Classcare, e-Portpolio of Learners, Evaluation etc.
Function of Digital Textbooks Function of Digital Textbooks
4. Learning Management
Lesson plans, Guidebooks for teachers, task management system
Lesson plansLesson plans
Guidebook for teachersGuidebook for teachers
HW or taskmanaging system
HW or taskmanaging system
Function of Digital Textbooks Function of Digital Textbooks
5. Support for Teachers
Projects and Researches
Projects & Researches on Digital TextbooksProjects & Researches on Digital Textbooks
Projects related to digital textbook
2004. A prototype on social science, science was developed and put into experimental use
2005. Research on standardization
2005~’06 Develop math digital textbook prototype and put into practice
2006. Research on Future classroom/New devices and content for future
2006~’07. Research on digital textbook for the disabled
2002. 4. 23. A mid-term project to develop and distribute digital textbooks was established
※ KERIS nominated as the organization in full charge of the project
Basic Studies: 2002~2006(7)
Projects & Researches on Digital TextbooksProjects & Researches on Digital Textbooks
Pilot development and application : 2007~2008
Researches on - The standard system for DT - Ways of teaching and learning with DT - Analysis of Interaction in DT use context - Effectiveness of DT
※ 9 subjects for 5th graders
2008~’09. 2nd Pilot production of digital textbooks
2007. 1st Pilot production of digital textbooks
※ 6 subjects for 6th graders
2007~2008. Development of DT platform ※ Window-based DT platform/Open-software-based DT platform
Projects & Researches on Digital TextbooksProjects & Researches on Digital Textbooks
Research on the Effectiveness of Digital Textbook(e.g.)
Projects & Researches on Digital TextbooksProjects & Researches on Digital Textbooks
Period : 2008. 4 ~ 2009. 1
Participants : 24 schools(18 DT pilot schools + 6control schools), 2,193 students(5th graders)
Variables & Instrument
- Academic achievement scores for 5 subjects(Korean, Math, Science, Social studies, English) : Develop test items and a test sheets in each subject
- Self-directed learning skills, Problem-solving skills, Learning attitude : Reliable and verified questionnaire(5-likert scale)
Procedure & Method
- Measure student’ achievement 3 times(1st Final test, 2nd mid-term test, 2nd final test), conduct MANCOVA
- Measure perceived students’ self-directed learning skills, problem-solving skills, learning attitude, compare mean of both groups(t-test)
Results of the Effectiveness of DT
Projects & Researches on Digital TextbooksProjects & Researches on Digital Textbooks
Urban Area Rural Area
Korean - DT
Math DT DT
English - DT
Science DT DT
Social Studies DT DT(p< .05).
DT using students in the urban area had significantly higher mean scores in Science, Social Science, and Korean compared to that of the PT students. The DT groups in the rural area scored significantly higherscores in all 5 subjects.
Achievement
Results of the Effectiveness of DT(rural area)
Projects & Researches on Digital TextbooksProjects & Researches on Digital Textbooks
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
1차 2차 3차
DTPT
Achievement
KoreanKorean
MathMath
EnglishEnglish ScienceScienceSocial StudiesSocial Studies
MathMath
Results of the Effectiveness of DT
Projects & Researches on Digital TextbooksProjects & Researches on Digital Textbooks
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
전체평균 ( )주인의식 효능감 메타인지 정보탐색 및 과제해설 내재적 동기 및 자기성찰
DT PT
Self-directed learning skills
In the rural area, mean score of the DT group was significantly high as well as ownership, meta-cognition, information exploration and problem-solving, and internal motivation and self-reflection(p<.05). But, there was no significant difference between the DT and the PT groups in the urban area.
Results of the Effectiveness of DT
Projects & Researches on Digital TextbooksProjects & Researches on Digital Textbooks
Learning attitude to subjects
Problem-solving Skillsthere were no significant differences in both the rural and the urban students in problem recognition, dispersed thinking, and planning ability factors.In-depth research was also conducted in problem-solving skills - In 5 schools, Develop lesson plans to raise student’s problem-solving skills, applied for 1~2 month- Develop performance-based questionnaires(open-ended) and applied for research Significant difference in the use of digital textbooks, as well as lesson treatment effects( DT > PT). Researchers also agreed that lesson treatment effects were much bigger than the media effects.
In the urban area, there were no differences between the DT and thePT group’s learning attitude scoresIn the rural area, mean scores for learning attitude to English and Social Science of the DT group were significantly higher than that of the PT group.
Issues and Challenges
Issues and ChallengesIssues and Challenges
Practical Problems Regarding Tablet PC Costs
The price of Tablet PC is in decline thanks to advances in technology
High cost indicates difficulty in distribution to schools
Is it possible to develop learning devices around 100 USD?
Cooperation with technology-related institutions to develop Tablet PCs at the lowest price with the highest quality
Issues and ChallengesIssues and Challenges
Effectiveness of Digital Textbooks
The result of 2008 studies told us that DT was more helpful to the students living in rural area. But it’s not clear the reason and which factors of DT bring about the result. Continued research is needed.
Consistent study is needed to prove the effectiveness of digital textbooks in the long-term.
The impact of digital textbook has to be expanded to and clarified in 21st century skills like creativity, problem solving skills, collaboration skills etc.
Issues and ChallengesIssues and Challenges
Students' Health and Socialization
Until now, the result of related studies is showing us green light about DT, but efforts should be made to minimize the side effects and we have to keep an eye on this issues through researches.
Will there be any health problems such as VDT syndrome resulting from long-term influence of electronic boards and TPC lessons?
Are there any chances of decreasing interaction between teachers and students and among students in DT class?
Is there any problem raised by using DT in terms of student’s socialization ?
Issues and ChallengesIssues and Challenges
Developing Teaching/Learning Models
※ Teaching support system like LMS or LCMS helps teachers facilitate and manage students' learning more effectively and efficiently
Students take part in class as active learners, owners of their learning, collaborative learning partners and studnets can direct their own lessons appropriate to their levels
Teachers are to take the role of advisors and learning facilitators to guide the students
There is a need to develop various teaching/learning models suitable for digital textbooks using learning environment.
Dr. Jeong-Hee Seo (jhseo@keris.or.kr)
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