UNIT 5 Chapter 21 – Absolute Monarchs in Europe Chapter 22 – Enlightenment & Revolution

UNIT 5Chapter 21 – Absolute Monarchs in EuropeChapter 22 – Enlightenment & Revolution

ABSOLUTISM & THE ENLIGHTENMENT

OBJECTIVES

CORE OBJECTIVE: Examine the development of

absolute monarchies and the Enlightenment in Europe from 1500-1800. Objective 6.1: Explain the development of absolute

monarchy in Spain & France Objective 6.2: Describe the influences that created conflicts such as the Thirty Years’ and Seven

Years’ Wars. Objective 6.3: Explain how Russian rulers built a strong Russian state. Objective 6.4: Identify the conflicts between English rulers and Parliament. Objective 6.5: Describe circumstances that led to the Scientific Revolution & the important

discoveries that were made. Objective 6.6: Describe the ideas, thinkers, and legacy of the Enlightenment. Objective 6.7: Explain how Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe.

THEME:

CHAPTER 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500–1800 Several countries in Europe come under the control of absolute monarchs, and Parliament challenges the monarch's authority in Great Britain.SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4

Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism

The Reign of Louis XIV

Central European Monarchs Clash

Absolute Rulers of Russia

SECTION 5 Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

French King Louis XIV with plans for Versailles.

CHAPTER 21 SECTION 1

SPAIN’S EMPIRE

During a time of religious and economicinstability, Philip II rules Spain with a strong hand.

WHERE IS SPAIN?

ABSOLUTISM

The Theory of AbsolutismRulers want to be absolute monarchs —rulers with complete

powerBelieve in divine right — idea that monarchs represent God on

earth

Growing Power of Europe’s Monarchs Decline of feudalism, rise of cities help monarchs gain power Decline in Church authority also increases power

Crises Lead to Absolutism The 17th century is period of great upheaval

Monarchs impose order by increasing their own power

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SPAIN’S EMPIRE

A New Spanish Ruler In 1556, Philip II begins ruling Spain and its possessions

Philip II’s Empire Philip seizes Portugal in 1580 Gold and silver from Americas make Spain extremely wealthy

Defender of CatholicismPhilip defends Catholicism against Muslims, Protestants Spanish fleet helps defeat Ottomans at Lepanto in 1571Spanish Armada defeated by British in 1588

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THE SPANISH RENAISSANCE

El Greco and VelázquezEl Greco (the Greek) uses unusual style to convey religious

themesWorks of Velázquez show Spanish court life

Don Quixote In 1605, Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes is publishedNovel marks birth of modern European novel

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EL GRECO

SPAIN’S EMPIRE WEAKENS

Inflation and Taxes Inflation, wars, & high taxes weakens Spain’s economy Taxes on lower class prevents development of middle class

Making Spain’s Enemies Rich Spaniards buy goods abroad, making Spain’s enemies rich

Philip declares bankruptcy three times due to weak economy

The Dutch Revolt Protestants in Netherlands win independence from Spain in 1579

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