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UNIT 5Chapter 21 – Absolute Monarchs in EuropeChapter 22 – Enlightenment & Revolution
ABSOLUTISM & THE ENLIGHTENMENT
OBJECTIVES
CORE OBJECTIVE: Examine the development of
absolute monarchies and the Enlightenment in Europe from 1500-1800. Objective 6.1: Explain the development of absolute
monarchy in Spain & France Objective 6.2: Describe the influences that created conflicts such as the Thirty Years’ and Seven
Years’ Wars. Objective 6.3: Explain how Russian rulers built a strong Russian state. Objective 6.4: Identify the conflicts between English rulers and Parliament. Objective 6.5: Describe circumstances that led to the Scientific Revolution & the important
discoveries that were made. Objective 6.6: Describe the ideas, thinkers, and legacy of the Enlightenment. Objective 6.7: Explain how Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe.
THEME:
CHAPTER 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500–1800 Several countries in Europe come under the control of absolute monarchs, and Parliament challenges the monarch's authority in Great Britain.SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
SECTION 4
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
The Reign of Louis XIV
Central European Monarchs Clash
Absolute Rulers of Russia
SECTION 5 Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
French King Louis XIV with plans for Versailles.
CHAPTER 21 SECTION 1
SPAIN’S EMPIRE
During a time of religious and economicinstability, Philip II rules Spain with a strong hand.
WHERE IS SPAIN?
ABSOLUTISM
The Theory of AbsolutismRulers want to be absolute monarchs —rulers with complete
powerBelieve in divine right — idea that monarchs represent God on
earth
Growing Power of Europe’s Monarchs Decline of feudalism, rise of cities help monarchs gain power Decline in Church authority also increases power
Crises Lead to Absolutism The 17th century is period of great upheaval
Monarchs impose order by increasing their own power
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SPAIN’S EMPIRE
A New Spanish Ruler In 1556, Philip II begins ruling Spain and its possessions
Philip II’s Empire Philip seizes Portugal in 1580 Gold and silver from Americas make Spain extremely wealthy
Defender of CatholicismPhilip defends Catholicism against Muslims, Protestants Spanish fleet helps defeat Ottomans at Lepanto in 1571Spanish Armada defeated by British in 1588
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THE SPANISH RENAISSANCE
El Greco and VelázquezEl Greco (the Greek) uses unusual style to convey religious
themesWorks of Velázquez show Spanish court life
Don Quixote In 1605, Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes is publishedNovel marks birth of modern European novel
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EL GRECO
SPAIN’S EMPIRE WEAKENS
Inflation and Taxes Inflation, wars, & high taxes weakens Spain’s economy Taxes on lower class prevents development of middle class
Making Spain’s Enemies Rich Spaniards buy goods abroad, making Spain’s enemies rich
Philip declares bankruptcy three times due to weak economy
The Dutch Revolt Protestants in Netherlands win independence from Spain in 1579
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