PowerPoint Presentation
Virtual Reality and Social WorkLynda Joy Gerry24th of August
2016
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THE MACHINE TO BE ANOTHER:An Empathy Machine?4Empathy is created
the moment we try to put ourselves in another persons shoes. Aspen
Baker, TED Radio Hour
The machine to be another is designed to stimulate empathy
through embodied interaction between individuals. (Bertrand et al.,
2014)
To what extent can we experience and understand what it is like
to be someone else?
Machine to Be Another: Live Stream Perspective Swapping5
The Machine to Be Another (MIT Media Lab)6
The Effect: After Wearing the HeadsetNow when we look into
another person's eyes, what we see is another person looking back
at us. Now we see another being who is just like us, another entity
trapped inside the illusion of all these packages of individual
differences -- body, personality, etc. Carl Rogers7
The Potential: What Happens When People Take Off the VR
Headset8
What is Virtual Reality?VR is the ability to transport and
immerse yourself into another reality than the one youre physically
inYou can do this to experience something new, invoke a feeling in
people or simply just because its fun
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The First HMD
1968 s verden s det frste VR head mounted display.
The VR Hype in 80s & 90s11
Overview12
MobileGoogleCardboardSamsungGear
VRPlasticHMDsSittingPlaystationVROculusRiftStanding/WalkingHTC
Vive
Sense of Presence13
Applications14
Healthcare15
Architecture16
E-Commerce
Nr man shopper online s bruger vi langt de kvaliteter som
virkeligheden kan tilbyde. Derimod kan det vre mere overskueligt
gennem menuer, sammenligning, detalje overblik osv. Med VR kan man
tilbyde begge dele. Dette er ogs et rum hvor reklamefilm fra
forskellige brands relevant. Ved at give kunder indblik brandets
identitet og kultur. Allerede ser man reklamer i forskellige
virtuelle verdener ssom second life, playstation home m.fl. Med
facebooks store sats p VR, kan interaktivt reklame content ogs
tnkes ind i sociale medier.
Immersive Gallery Art Experiences18
AR(5-7 years)3D Scanning(1-2 years)Haptic Feedback(3-5
years)
Future Technology
Empathic Computing (Billinghurst, 2016)1. Recognition systems
that can recognize your feelings and emotions (sensors)2.
Understanding systems that help you better understand the
experience of others (VR)3. Sharing systems that help you better
share the experience of others (AR)20
1. RecognitionRoz Picard MIT Media LabSystems that recognize
emotion21
Example: Affectiva22
2. Understanding: Virtual Reality
Virtual reality offers a whole new medium to tell stories that
really connect people and create an empathic connection.
- Nonny de la Peahttp://www.emblematicgroup.com23
Project Syria (de la Pea, 2015)24
Clouds Over Sidra (Chris Milk)25
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New Eyes for Students (Makropol)Project designed to teach the UN
Development Initiatives to Danish grade school children, especially
cultural diversity, global sustainability issues, and perspective
taking
Transports student to Africa, where a little girl guides
audience on a tour through her world and talks about her life
Unique design that allows for a you relation where audience
feels present and like the little girl is talking to them.27
3. Sharing: Augmented RealityCan we develop experiences that
allow us to share what we are seeing, hearing, and feeling with
someone else?28
The Amphibian SCUBA Diving Simulator (Dhruv Jain, MIT Media
Lab)29
Goal: Help people understand the liberating effects of
disabilities, which Jain (who is deaf) likens to the experience of
being underwater.
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Childhood (Siggraph 2015)Kenji Suzuki, Univesity of TsukubaWhat
does it feel like to be a child?VR display + moved cameras + hand
restrictors30
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Virtual EmbodimentBanakou, Groten, Slater, 2013
Examples of Avatar EffectsEmbodying a body of a different race
reduces implicit racial biases (Groom, Bailenson, and Nass,
2009)Embodying a tall avatar increases self-confidence in
negotiation tasks (Yee and Bailenson, 2007)Embodying an attractive
avatar increases self-disclosure(Yee and Bailenson, 2007)Embodying
a stressful posture in a virtual body can increase stress even
though physical body is not in that posture/position(Bergstrm,
Kilteni, and Slater, 2013)Embodying a child avatar body causes
subjects causes an overestimation in object sizes32
Notes on Blindness33
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Be My Eyes35
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Promoting Helping Behavior in VR37
Ahn et al., 2015
Autumn (Tusmrke)38
Autism: Too Much Information39
Discussion QuestionWhat is the value of having these types of
experiences that allow us to see/hear/experience the world as
another?40
The Virtual Reality Social Cognition Training ProgramVR can be
used as a learning tool for children to:
- Teach safety skills (Self et al., 2007; Josman et al.,
2008)
- Hold their interest (Cobb et al., 2002; Max & Burke,
1997)
- Monitor eye gaze (Lahiri et al., 2011)
- Aid learning of pretend play (Herrera et al., 2008)
- Interpret emotions of avatars accurately (Moore et al., 2005;
Cheng and Ye 2010)Ex: Use virtual simulations of a bus/caf to teach
social skills.41
Autism Speaks (Daniel Yang)42
Anxiety in Children: The Virtual Classroom
The Virtual Kitchen
Gorini, A., Gaggioli, A., Vigna, C., & Riva, G. (2008). A
Second Life for eHealth: Prospects for the Use of 3-D Virtual
Worlds in Clinical Psychology. Journal of Medical Internet
Research, 10(3). doi:10.2196/jmir.1029
Treating Body Dysmorphia: Four Doors of Different
DimensionsPatients have to choose the door that they believe
corresponds exactly to their width. This is aimed to improve
awareness of body image distortion. Socratic questioning is used
during exposure in order to help patients draw appropriate
conclusions from the experience (Riva et al., 1998).
Perpia and Botella (2013)Researchers designed tasks in virtual
environments to change the way participants thought about their
body size and appearanceWhile wearing a virtual reality headset,
participants see a virtual representation of an avatar with their
own body proportions.In one setting, participants have to
manipulate a 3D human figure until it represents their own body,
which is shown nearby as a translucent 2D image.
Marco, J. H., Perpi, C., & Botella, C. (2013). Effectiveness
of cognitive behavioral therapy supported by virtual reality in the
treatment of body image in eating disorders: One year follow-up.
Psychiatry Research, 209(3), 619-625.
doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.02.023
Virtual Food Causes the Same Emotional Response as Real
FoodGorini, Griez, Petrova, and Riva (2010)
Researchers compared the effects of the exposure to real food,
virtual food and photographs of food Sample: 10 anorexic, 10
bulimic and 10 control participants (all women)Conditions: 6 real
high-calorie foods placed on a table in front of them, Slideshow of
the same foods, and VR computer-generated diner where they could
interact with the virtual version of the same 6 itemsMeasures:
heart rate, skin conductance, psychological stressResults: Virtual
stimuli are as effective as real ones, and more effective than
static pictures, in generating emotional responses in eating
disorder patientsGorini, A., Griez, E., Petrova, A., & Riva, G.
(2010). Assessment of the emotional responses produced by exposure
to real food, virtual food and photographs of food in patients
affected by eating disorders. Ann Gen Psychiatry Annals of General
Psychiatry, 9(1), 30. doi:10.1186/1744-859x-9-30
Gorini, Griez, Petrova, and Riva (2010)
Gorini, A., Griez, E., Petrova, A., & Riva, G. (2010).
Assessment of the emotional responses produced by exposure to real
food, virtual food and photographs of food in patients affected by
eating disorders. Ann Gen Psychiatry Annals of General Psychiatry,
9(1), 30. doi:10.1186/1744-859x-9-30
Gorini, Griez, Petrova, and Riva (2010)Gorini, A., Griez, E.,
Petrova, A., & Riva, G. (2010). Assessment of the emotional
responses produced by exposure to real food, virtual food and
photographs of food in patients affected by eating disorders. Ann
Gen Psychiatry Annals of General Psychiatry, 9(1), 30.
doi:10.1186/1744-859x-9-30
What if you could show someone the body that they think they
have?Imagine showing someone with body dysmorphia the body that
they think they have, and use embodied simulations in virtual
reality to allow them to experience being in that body to reveal
the difference between their altered body image and reality.
VR TO REDUCE COGNITIVE BIASES51
Somatosensory ResonanceDefinition: We understand others physical
and mental states by remapping others body states onto our own
sensorimotor system
Through the visual remapping of touch, synchronous touch stimuli
applied to ones own face and the face of an outgroup member results
in a decrease in implicit biases.52
Visual Remapping of Touch53
Fini et al., 2013
Reducing Implicit Racial Bias: The Enfacement Illusion54
Ahn et al., 2015
FPP Hand Movement in VEs (Adamovich et al., 2009)55
Painter Project: Stereo Footage with Binaural Audio56
Ex Nihilo: Exploring the Stimulation of Creativity and Empathy
through Embodied Experiences in Virtual Reality57
Gallagher et al. (2015) Neurophenomenology of Awe and
Wonder58
Video of Experimental Task59
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Introducing Ex NihiloIn The Republic, Plato asks, "Will we say,
of a painter, that he makes something?" and answers, "Certainly
not, he merely imitates."64
Imitated Paintings by Subjects65
Subject QuoteIt almost feels like collectively discovering
something that was in her head all along. The experience allowed
this completely different way of connecting to someone that doesnt
rely on facial expressions or anything.66
The Next ChallengeWere starting to move out of the wow phase of
this new technology and into what does this mean for humanity?
Chris Milk67
Discussion QuestionHow can virtual reality help us understand
one another?68
Thanks for your [email protected]
