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The American educational system is broken. This presentation introduces some ideas by Clayton Christensen and his concept of Disruptive Innovations.
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Disruptive Innovations & America’s
Educational SystemEvan Kropp | University of Georgia | July 12, 2012
Photo Credit: Ben Vickery, http://www.flickr.com/photos/benjaminj/2917736366/
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Introduction
Primary Source: Christensen, C.M., Horn, M.B., Johnson, C.W. (2008). Disrupting class: how disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns. New York: McGraw-Hill.
LEARN about disruptive innovations
EXAMPLES
APPLY to student-centric learning in K-12 education
DISCUSS diffusion of authors ideas / current state
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Disruptive Innovations
Clayton Christensen, Kim B. Clark Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School
The Innovator’s Dilemma (1997)
Disruptive Innovation: “Describes a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves ‘up market’, eventually displacing established competitors”
Photo Credit: http://www.claytonchristensen.com/bio.htmlDefinition: http://www.claytonchristensen.com/disruptive_innovation.html
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2 Types of Innovations
Sustaining Innovations Most innovations are sustaining “They provide better quality or additional functionality from an
organizations most demanding customers”
Disruptive Innovations “Don’t meet existing customers’ needs as well as currently
available products or services” “Typically simpler, more convenient, and less expensive, so they
appeal to new or less demanding customers”
Source: Christensen, 2006, p. 96
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2 Types of Disruptive Innovations
Low-End: “Attack the least-profitable and most over-served customers at the low end of the original value market”
New-Market: “Create a new value network, where it is in the non consumption, not the incumbent, which must be overcome”
Source: Hang, 2010, p. 437
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Disrupting Class – Book Overview
Educational system in America is broken
Need to move toward student-centric learning
Accomplish this with technology (hardware/software) personalized for each students intelligence & learning style
Need to implement solution as a disruptive innovation in order to succeed.
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Intelligence & Learning Styles
Current (broken) system is based on standardization
Need to focus on student-centric methods
Agreement: People learn in different way, but no consensus on how Intelligence: Howard Gardner 8 categories: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist. Most people will excel in two to three of these areas
Learning Styles: Example, visual vs. aural
Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008, p. 26
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Current Educational Method
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Proposed Student-Centric Educational Model
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History of School Performance
Educational system created to “preserve democracy”
Schools have changed over time Keep up with global competition Meet demands of politicians (No Child Left Behind)
Have introduced computers…$60 billion invested over past 20 years. But, has not changed anything.
Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008
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How to Introduce Student-Centric Learning
Early developments need to serve niche markets, areas where there is no other education option. Example: AP, Subject choices. Take advantage of limitations in current system. Budget, physical location, etc…
1st: Introduce computer-based learning with similar traditional approaches to learning. Example: place videos of lectures on computer.
2nd: Expand to student-centric technology with specialized software customizable to differences in intelligence and styles.
Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008
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Diffusion
Rate = Slow“Disruptive innovation happens in a process” (Hang, 2010, p. 436)
Four factors to help accelerate substitution (internal & external factors) Need to continue to develop and improve technologies Need to customize learning plans for students Anticipated teacher shortage will drive demand As market grows, costs reduced
Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008
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Diffusion - Challenges
Some challenges, also internal and external Teachers unions will oppose changes Schools focus is on teaching to tests, not providing better ways of
learning Teaching to test limits course offerings (but also providing
opportunity) Disruption to commercial support system (textbook and material
suppliers) must also occur.
Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008
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Diffusion – Topics to be Addressed
Who will be the change agents?
Mary Goodwin (2010), professional writing instructor advocates instructors
What channels will change agents use to communicate?
The nature of the beast, large, public, political
Christensen made predictions….
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Diffusion Predictions
Writing in 2008
By “about” 2012 the rate of adoption would begin to favor student-centric learning (perhaps a bit overly optimistic)
5%-50% market share by 2018(nothing like a nice wide predictive range)
80% diffusion by 2024
Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008
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Today
So, where should we be today?
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Conclusion
What was this book again?Christensen, C.M., Horn, M.B., Johnson, C.W. (2008). Disrupting class: how disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns. New York: McGraw-Hill.
What did you just present? LEARN about disruptive innovations EXAMPLES APPLY to student-centric learning in K-12 education DISCUSS diffusion of authors ideas / current state
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Sources Christensen, C. M. Key Concepts - Disruptive Innovation. Retrieved July 7, 2012,
from http://www.claytonchristensen.com/disruptive_innovation.html
Christensen, C. M., Baumann, H., Ruggles, R., & Sadtler, T.M. (2006). Disruptive Innovation for Social Change. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 94-101.
Christensen, C. M., Horn, M. B., & Johnson, C. W. (2008). Disrupting class : how disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Godwin, M. (2010). Disruptive Technology: What Is It? How Can It Work for Professional Writing? Writing Instructor.
Hang, C. C., Yu, D. (2010). A Reflective Review of Disruptive Innovation Theory. International Journal Of Management Reviews, 12(4), 435-452.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.
Schmidt, G. M., & Druehl, C. T. (2008). When Is a Disruptive Innovation Disruptive? Journal Of Product Innovation Management, 25(4), 347-369.
