PROTISTS
Protists
Eukaryotes, not members of the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi
Most unicellular but not all Protista= very first
Evolution of Protists
Symbiosis of several cells Mitochondria/chloroplasts live inside
larger cells
Classification of Protists
Animal-like protists-obtain food like heterotrophs
Plant-like protists- obtain food like autotrophs
Fungus-like protists- decomposers or parasites
Phylums of Animal Like Protists
Zooflagellates Movement: use flagellum to move Food: Absorb food through cell
membrane Reproduction: asexually/sexually
Sarcodines
Movement: pseudopodsAmoeboid movement- cytoplasm streams
into pseudopod Food: pseudopods capture take into
food vacuole Reproduce: Mitosis/Cytokinesis
Foraminiferans- SarcodineSecretes calcium carbonate
Ciliates
Movement: cilia propel Food: Cilia move food into gullet, force
food into food vacuole Waste material emptied when food
vacuole fuses with anal pore Contractile vacuoles- cavities
specialized to collect water
Ciliates= Paramecium
Trichocysts- small bottle shaped structures used for defense
Danger= stiff projections that protect cell
Two nuclei› Macronucleus- keeps genes for day to day
use› Micronucleus- contains reserve copy of
cells genes
Reproduction: asexually mitosis/cytokinesis
Conjugation- exchange genetic material
Sporozoans
Movement: not on their own/ parasitic Reproduction: sporozoites Diseases: malaria
Plantlike Protists
Algae 7 major phylums
› 4- unicellular› 3- multicellular
Use photosynthesis- › Chlorophyll a› Chlorophyll b› Chlorophyll c› Accessory pigments› Allow use of different light wavelengths
Unicellular Plant like Protists
Euglenophytes aka Euglena
Movement: Two flagellum Pellicle- cell membrane Food: Eye spot- cluster of reddish
pigment for photosynthesis Can live as heterotrophs-absorb food Reproduce: Asexually- binary fission
Chrysophytes
Yellow/green algae and gold/brown algae
Have gold colored chloroplasts
Diatoms
Produce thin, delicate call walls rich in silicon (component of glass)
Cell walls – different patterns like etched glass
Dinoflagellates
½ photosynthetic ½ heterotrophic 2 flagellum Luminescent- shimmer when agitated
Ecology of unicellular Algae
Make up the base of aquatic food chains
Phytoplankton- ½ of photosynthesis on earth
Red Tide
Protists release dangerous toxins Shell fish eat the protists = trap toxin Human eating shell fish become very
sick› Paralysis› death
Multicellular Plant like Protists
1. Red algae- coral reefs2. Brown algae- Kelp3. Green algae
› Unicellular › Colonial (volvox)› Multicellular (ulva)
Spirogyra- Green colonial algae› Live in water› Multicellular› Spiral shaped chloroplasts
Fungus like Protists
Heterotrophs/decomposers Slime molds or water molds Water molds responsible for the Irish
Great Potato Famine