Kingdom Animalia

Review of the Six Kingdoms

• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia

The Nature of Animals• Multicellular• Eukaryotic• Lack Cell Walls• Heterotrophic• Sexual reproduction• Movement (some)• Specialization (some)• Over 1.2 million species know and classified

Origin and Classification

• From the sea• Colonial Protists (Choanoflagellate)• Phylogeny based on morphology

Body Structure

Patterns of Symmetry___________________

___________________

___________________DorsalVentralAnteriorposterior

Embryonic Germ Layers• Fundamental tissue types found in the

embryo– ________________

• Skin & coverings, nervous system

– ________________• Circulation, muscle, internal organs (bone)

– ________________• Digestive tract or gut

• _______________ = 2 germ layers• _______________ = 3 germ layers

Body Cavities_________________

_________________

_________________Fluid-filled space that forms between the

digestive tract and the outer wall of the body during development

Can aid in movement and as a reservoir for transporting nutrients and wastes

Fertilization & Development• Gametes– Egg and sperm

• Fertilization– ____________– Mitosis– Cleavage

• _____________• _____________• _____________• _____________

• Blastula formation & Stem Cells

Patterns of Development

____________________

SchizocoelySpiral cleavageBlastophore _________Determinite

_____________________EnterocoelyRadial cleavageBlastophore _________Indeterminite!

The 9 Major Animal Kingdom Phyla

• Porifera• Cnidaria• Ctenophora• Platyhelminthes• Nematoda• Rotifera

• Annelida• Mollusca• Arthropoda• Echinodermata• Chordata

Animal Phylogeny Tree

Invertebrates

Invertebrate Characteristics• All forms of symmetry• Segmentation - some• Body support - exoskeleton• Systems– Respiratory – simple diffusion to gills– Circulatory – open and closed – Digestive – cellular or gut– Excretory – simple diffusion to nephridia– Nervous – none to ___________________– Reproduction – sexual, budding, and hermaphrodites– Endocrine – hormone regulation– Muscular – none to strong muscles

PoriferaSubkingdom – ______________Aquatic spongeSessile as adults1 cm-2 m diameterBody Plan – no symmetryChoanocytes_____________________osculum_____________________

Calcium carbonateSilica

Filter feedingAmebocytesRegeneration, budding, hermaphrodites,

larva and gemmules

CnidariansSubkingdom __________________Hydra, jellyfish, coral and sea

anemonesRadial symmetryTissues and simple organsFresh and Ocean environmentsMedusa & Polyp formsCnidocyte w/ nematocyst_______________________Classes: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa and

Anthozoa

• Important Cnidarian Structures

Ctenophora

• Marine• Comb jelly• Rows of beating cilia along outside• Water beats to move• _______________ for defense• ____________________• Bioluminescence

Platyhelminthes_________________________Three germ layersBilateral symmetryAcoelomateCephalizationDiffusionClasses

Turbellaria Free living ____________________

Trematodaflukes

Cestodatapeworms

Nematoda

___________________________• Bilateral symmetry• Free living and parasitic• Pseudocoelomate• ______________ ______________• Separate sexes• Cuticle• Examples: Ascaris, Hookworm,

Trichinella and Pinworms

Rotifera

• Free living aquatic• Transparent• Pseudocoelomate• Cilia round the mouth• Mouth Anus

MolluscaCoelomatesTrochophore larvaVisceral MassMantle cavityHead-foot__________________SiphonsChromatophoresExamples - Clam, snail, slug, octopus

Annelida__________________________

Little ringsSetaeCoelomate

Three ClassesOligochaeta

earthwormPolychaeta

Bristle wormsHirudinea

leeches

Earthworm Anatomy

Arthropoda• Bilateral Coelomates• Jointed appendages• Exoskeleton – chitin• Compound eye• _____________________• Subphyla– Trilobita– Crustacea– Chelicerata– Uriramia

Echinodermata• Marine• Pentaradial symmetry• No cephalization• ______________________• Tube feet• Deuterostome• Cardiac and pyloric stomach• Examples - Sea star, sand dollar, basket star

Invertebrate ChordatesAnimals

_________________________DeuterostomeChordates must have the following

NotochordStiff, but flexible rod of cells that runs the

length of the body near the dorsal ridgeDorsal nerve cordPharyngeal pouchesPost anal tailExamples – lancelet and tunicate