Kingdom ProtistaBiology 11

Mr. McCallum

Introduction

Protista = the very first Fossil records date back 1.5 billion years

Unicellular and multicellular Do not have “true tissues” – cells working together

Eukaryotic More “advanced” than bacteria Discrete, membrane-bound nucleus Contain organelles (ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes,

etc.) More efficient at using available nutrients and carrying of

metabolic activities

Introduction (2)

Mostly live in water (can live in soil and human body)

Most are microscopic

Complex reproduction Asexual, sexual, multiple

Organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungi Group contains organisms that do not “fit” into the other

5 kingdoms

Classification

Artificial categories that do not reflect the evolutionary history of the organisms Way that they obtain nutrition

Heterotrophic or autotrophic Means of locomotion

Sessile (do not move) or mobile Cilia, flagella, pseudopods, etc.

Plant-like Protists (Algae)

Autotrophic….(completely?)

Vary from simple one-celled organisms to large multicellular forms

Contain chlorophyll (pigmentation)

Traditionally termed algae – no longer holds taxonomic significance Now: “photosynthetic organism that is either unicellular or

multicellular without tissues” Kingdom Eubacteria: cyanobacteria – blue-green algae Kingdom Protista: red, brown, and green algae

6 phyla exist

1. Euglenophyta

Found mostly in fresh, stagnant waters Over 800 species in ponds and lakes around the world

Autotrophic - obtain nourishment via photosynthesis

Heterotrophic (solid food consumption) during periods of darkness

Reproduce asexually

Euglena Eyespots (light detection) and flagellum (locomotion) Most have two flagella No cell wall – have pellicle (firm and flexible covering under plasma

membrane) Vacuole for excess water removal

Euglena

2. Crysophyta (Golden-Brown Algae and Diatoms)

Found in both fresh and salt water

Autotrophs Contain chlorophyll

Many are flagellated

Encased in shells/skeletons

Diatoms are the most abundant plant-like protist Encased in thin silica shells

Diatomaceous Earth Pest Control

Ground fine powder – damages externally, ruptures internal organs

Abrasives Toothpaste – plaque removal Bath products Metal polish

Filtration Hot tubs and swimming pools – fine structures

Indicator Species Flourish in waters around the world Used to determine health of ecosystem

3. Pyrrophyta (Dinoflagellates)

Autotrophs

Contain chlorophyll and red pigments

Important primary producers and a major component of oceanic plankton

Red Tides and Bioluminescence

Red Tides Environmental impact?

Bioluminescence Harmful?

4-6. Green (sea lettuce), Brown (kelp), and Red Algae (Irish moss)

Comprised of phyla Chlorophyta (green algae), Phaeophyta (brown algae), and Rhodophyta (red algae)

Primary food producers and the source of biological energy for most aquatic food webs

Supply about two thirds of the world’s oxygen

Unicellular and multicellular varieties

Large variety of pigmentation (all contain chlorophyll)

Complex reproduction – asexual, sexual, combination, fragmentation

Green, Brown, and Red Algae

TED talk: Jonathan Trent

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-HE4Hfa-OY

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