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Bacterial Classification
Taxonomy and Characteristics
Prokaryotes
Domain Archaea [ancient bacteria]Domain Eubacteria[true bacteria]
make up the old Kingdom Monera
ProkaryotesMost abundant groupWidely distributedOldest organisms
Domain Eukarya
OrganellesPlasma membraneCell wall, if present, made up of polysaccharides
Fungi : chitinPlants/Algae: cellulose or pectinsVertebrates: no cell wall
Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
EukaryotesDNA
Membrane, nucleusMultiple chromosomesAssociated with histones
OrganellesCell WallsDivision
Sexual: MeiosisAsexual: Mitosis
Motility: Flagella whips
ProkaryotesDNA
Nonmembrane, nucleiodOne circular chromosomeNo histones
OrganellesCell Walls: peptidoglycanDivision
AsexualBinary FissionSnappingBudding
Motility: Flagella spins
Domain Archaea
Evolved from earliest cellsMethanogens
Largest groupUse CO2
Extreme environmentHalophilesThermophilesPsychrophilesAcidophilesAlkaliphiles
Domain Eukarya
FungiMoldsYeastsMushrooms
ProtistaSlime MoldsUnicellular AlgaeProtozoa
PlantaeMulticellular AlgaeMossesPlants
AnimaliaeInsectsWormsSpongesVertebrates
Fungi
EukaryoticUnicellular = yeastMulticellular = molds, mushroomsHyphae for nutrition from preformed matterChitinBeneficial: decomposersPathogenicMycology
Fungi: Mushrooms
Fungi: Algae
Fungi: Yeast
Pathogenic Fungi
Protista
EukaryoticUnicellularLack cell wallClassified based on movements
CiliatesFlagellatesPseudopods
Beneficial: decomposersPathogenic
Parasitic Protozoa
Plantae
Animalia
Eubacteria
ProkaryoticUnicellularShapesVary in sizeTaxonomy: Bergey’s Manual
Low G+C Gram PositiveHigh G+C Gram PositiveGram Negative Proteobacteria
Nonpathogenic: environmental contributionsPathogenic
Bacterial Shapes
Result of Asexual ReproductionBinary Fission
Cross wall dividesDaughter cells +/- separate
Snapping DivisionInner cell wall dividesDaughter cells hinged
BuddingOutgrowth of original cell
Budding
Snapping Division
Binary Fission
Binary Fission Results
CocciPairsChainsTetradsCubesClusters
BacillusSeparatePairsChains
Bacterial Shapes
Cocci: Pairs
Division in one planeDiplococci
Neisseria
Cocci: Chains
Division in 2 PlanesStreptococcus
Cocci: Tetrads
Division in three planesMicrococcus
Cocci: 8-cell group
Divides in 3 planesSarcina
Cocci: Clusters
Division in 3 planesStaphylococcus
Cocci Summary
Rods: Straight
E. coli
Rods: Club-ShapedCorynebacterium
Rods: Branching
Actinomyces
Rods: Comma form
Vibrio
Rods: Spore Formers
Gram Negative Rod Summary
Gram Positive Rod Summary
Spiral Forms
Pleomorphic
Bacterial Shapes Review
Motility
Low G+C Gram Positive Organisms
RodsClostridiaMycoplasmasBacillusListeriaLactobacillus
CocciStreptococcusEnterococcusStaphylococcus
High G+C Gram Positives
RodsCorynebacteriumMycobacteriumActinomycetes
ActinomycesNocardiaStreptomyces
Corynebacterium
Nocardia M.tb
Gram Negative Alpha Proteobacteria
PathogenicRickettsiaBrucellaEhrlichia
Ehrlichia
Gram Negative Beta Proteobacteria
PathogenicNeisseriaBordetellaSpirillumBurkholderia
Gram Negative Gamma Proteobacteria
PathogenicLegionellaCoxiellaPseudomonadsEnterobacteriaceae
E. coliSalmonellaShigellaProteusYersiniaEnterobacterSerratia Pseudomonas
Gram Negative Epsilon Proteobacteria
PathogenicCampylobacterHelicobacter
Helicobacter
Campylobacter
Other BacteriaChlamydia
PathogenicChlamydiaSpirochetes
Treponema [syphilis]Borrelia [Lyme ds]
Borrelia Treponema
Virus
AcellularNucleic acid coreProtein coatEnvelope [+/-]
ModificationsViroids: RNA virusVirions : outside hostPrions: proteins
Microbes and the Immune System