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1313131313

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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1414141414

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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1515151515

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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1616161616

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1717171717

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1818181818

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1919191919

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2020202020

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2121212121

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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2323232323

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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2424242424

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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2525252525

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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2626262626

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2727272727

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2828282828

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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2929292929

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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3030303030

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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3131313131

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q&m0efav;awGu awmf&Smygw,f/

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3232323232

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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vdk&r,f& aoG;vdk&if vSLvdkY&atmif

vdk Y 'DMum;xJ tdyfa&;0atmif

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oefYpifwJhaoG;awGudk tNrJwrf;

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uRefawmf aoG;tm;enf;rSm pdk;&drf

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udk,fwdkifudk,fus oGm;a&mufvSL

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tp rdrduqdkwJhtwdkif; udk,fwdkif

u iSufzsm;a&m*g? tonf;a&mif

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tod tjrifA[kokwawG <u,f0

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NyD/ pmMunfhwdkufawG[m tod

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wJh vli,fvl&G,fawG arG;zGm;ay;

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pHjru qufajymw,f/

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arausmf (jyef^quf)arausmf (jyef^quf)arausmf (jyef^quf)arausmf (jyef^quf)arausmf (jyef^quf)

3333333333

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

a&S;OD;pGmpmMunfhwdkuft"dyÜm,fESifh pmMunfh

wdkufrSL;t"dyÜm,fESpf&yfudk &Sif;vif;jyvdkygonf/

trsm;tm;jzifh pmMunfhwdkufudk pmtkyfodkavSmifxm;

&Sd&mtcef;? odkYr[kwftaqmufttHkrQom[k xif

wwfMuygonf/ pmMunfhwdkufrSL;udkvnf; pmtkyf

xdef;rQom[k xifwwfMuonf/ trSefrSm þodkY

rxiftyfyg/ pmMunfhwkdufonf ynmvdkvm; trsdK;

om;wdkY rdrdwdkYbmom vGwfvyffpGm ynmvm&Smaom

wuúodkvfwpfrsd K;jzpfygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzif h

qdkjyefaomf ÓPfxkwf&m ÓPftvkyf½HkBuD;[kvnf;

qdk tyfygonf/ wzef pmMunfhwdkufrSL;qdkonfrSm

wukyfukyfESifhpmzwfaeaom pmtkyfxdef;rQom r[kwf

yg/ pmMunfhwdkufpnfum;atmif? pmtkyfwdk;yGm;

atmif? pmtkyfrsm;udk zwfcsifpzG,fjzpfatmif

pmMunfhwdkuftwGuf aiGtvHk tavmuf&SmrSD;wwf

ol? oifhawmfaompmtkyfudk a½G;cs,fwwfol? tpD

trH ttkyftcsKyfwwfol? pmvnf; tawmftwef

zwfzl;ol jzpfygonf/

xdkt"dyÜm,fESpf&yfudk aygif;pyfí Oyrmay;&

aomf pmMunfhwdkuf udk ysdK;cif;ESifhwlonf[k qdkcsifyg

onf/ pmMunfhwdkufrSL;udk ysdK;cif; axmifolESifhwl

onf[k qdkcsifygonf/ ysdK;cif;axmifolonf ajr

aumif; ajroefY0,f rsdK;aumiff;rsdK;oefY pyg;udk&

atmiftm;xkwfí &aomtcg xdkrsdK;aumif;rsdK;oefY

pyg;udk v,f,mücsípdkufonf/ xdktcg rsdK;aumif;

rsdK;oefYpyg;onf v,f,mtESHUtjym;odkY a&mufojzifh

rsdK;aumif;rsdK;oefYpyg;yGm;rsm;&onf/ xdkenf;wlpGm

pmMunfhwdkufrSL;onfvnf; ynmvdkvm; trsdK;om;

wdkYtm; pmMunfhwdkuf0,f rsufpdBuD; em;BuD;jzpfvm

atmif ysdK;ay;onfESifh wlonf/xdkodkU ysdK;axmifay;

vdkufaomtcg xdktrsdK;om;wdk Yonf todÓPf

t&mü tESH Ytjym;wdk;wufvmp&m taMumif;&Sd

onf/ tdrfwdkif; tdrfwdkif;ü rsufpdBuD;em;BuD; trsdK;

om;xGef;um;vQif ½Gmwdkif; ½Gmwdkif;ü rsufpdBuD; em;BuD;

xGef;um;rnf/ ½Gmwdkif; ½Gmwdkif;ü rsufpdBuD; em;BuD;

xGef;um;vQif c½dkife,fy,f wdkif;ü rsufpdBuD;emBuD;

xGef;um; rnf/ c½dkife,fy,fwdkif;ü rsufpdBuD;em;BuD;

xGef;um;vQif wpfEdkifiHvHk;ü rsufpdBuD; em;BuD;

jzpfrnf/ EdkifiHvHk;csDí rsufpdBuD; em;BuD;xGef;um;

vQif þEdkifiHonf BuD;yGm;vmEdkifp&m taMumif;&Sd

jrefrmEdkifiH pmMunfhwdkufordkif;tusOf;csKyf aZmf*sD

3434343434

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

ygonf/

pmMunfhwdkufoabmonf a&S;acwftcguyif

jrefrmEdkifiHü &SdcJ honf/ 'kwd,urÇmppfrjzpfcif

jrefrmEdkifiHpmMunfhwdkufrsm;\ a&S;acwftajctae

onf þodkYjzpfygonf/

yd#uwfwdkufrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif a&S;acwf

a&S;tcguyif xGef;um;cJhMuygonf/ Oyrma&S;

acwf oxHkjynfü yd#uwfoHk;yHk wpfpHkkudk a½Tpm&H

bk&m;wHwdkif;twGif; yd#uwåd,apwD[korkwfí

Orifüxm;&SdaMumif;od&ygonf/ xdkaemuf a&S;acwf

yk*HjynfwGif taemf&xm yd#uwfwdkuf[kac:aom

bHkig;qifh&Sd yd#uwftkwfwdkuf &SdcJhaMumif;vnf; od&

ygonf/ xdkyd#uwfwdkufrsm;rStpjyKí bkef;awmf

BuD;ausmif;rsm;odkU ysHUESHYcJhonfrSm uRefawmfwdkYacwf

txd xif&Sm;aeygonf/ wzef jrefrmbk&ifrsm;

udk,fawmfwdkif yd#uwf wdkufudk te,fe,ft&yf&yf

odkYjyefYyGm;atmif aqmif½GufyHkudk ukef;abmifquf

bdk;awmfbk&m;vufxufü om"u awGY&ygonf/

xdkrif;vufxufwGif yd#uwfawmftpHkudk ayxuf

tu©&mwifí tNrdKUNrdKUte,fe,fodkU ydkYay;cJhygonf/

xdkrQomruao;yg/ xkdrif;vufxufwGif aq;usrf;?

eu©wfusrf;? aA'ifusrf;rSpí avmuDusrf;rsm;udk

vnf; ouú#bmomrS jrefrmbmomjyefqdk aqmif

½GufcJhygonf/ rif;tqufqufwdkYonf xdkodkYaqmif

½Gufwwf Muygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYacwfwGif Ak'¨

bmom bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif; rsm;ü yd#uwfusrf;?

avmuDusrf;rsm;qdkif&m pmayyk&ydkufrsm; usef&SdcJh

onfrSm qdkcJhonfhtwdkif; rif;rSL;rwfrsm; aqmif

½GufcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf[k ,lqoifhygonf/

xdkUaemuf jrefrmEdkifiHonf NAdwdoQvufatmuf

odk Y a&mufvmaomtcg taemufEdkifiHpepfrsm;

0ifvmonf/ xdkpepfrsm;teuf yd#uwfwdkufvnf;

yg0ifonf/ txufjrefrmjynfudk rodrf;cif jrefrm

ouú&mZf 1245 ckESpfüyif atmufjrefrmEdkifiH &efukef

NrdKUü bm;e'fyd#uwfwdkufac: acwfrDpmMunfh

wdkufukd trsm;jynfolwdkU tusdK;iSmwnfaxmifcJhyg

onf/ xdktcg atmufjrefrmEdkifiH rif;BuD; qmcsm;vf

bm;e'fu OD;pD;em,ujyKí wnfaxmifojzifh bm;

e'f yd#uwfwdkuf[kac:onf/

xdktcgu w&m;0ef *sm'if;? ygVdygarmu© csDv'g;

wdkYu a½S;OD;pGm rdrdwdkY\ tzdk;wefpmtkyfrsm;udk vSLMu

onf/ xdkYaemuf xdkpmMunfhwdkufudk tpdk;&ynma&;

qif'Dudwfu pDrHaqmif½Gufonf/ wzef jrefrmxJu

tBuD;tus,f vSL'gef;olrsm;xJwGif &efukefNrdKUrS

OD;NrdKUESifh OD;rQifwdkYjzpffonf/ xdkyk*d¾KvfESpfOD;onf aiGwpf

aomif;wef ayrl? yk&ydkuf rlrsm;udk a&pufcsí vSL'gef;

ygonf/ aemiftcgwGif uif;0efrif;BuD;\ ayyk&ydkuf

pkESifh yk*H0efaxmufOD;wif\ ayyk&ydkufpkrsm;ukd 0,f

,l cJhonf/ 1923ckESpfavmufupí bm;e'fyd#uwf

wdkufudk tpdk;&u ESpfpOf zGJUpnf;ay;aom tkyfcsKyf

3535353535

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

a&;tzGJUodkU vTJtyfaqmif½Gufaponf/ aiGaMu;

taxmuftyHhay;onf/ xdkbm;e'fpmMunfhwdkuf

tjyif ppfawGNrdKUüvnf; pav'ifpmMunfhwdkuf[lí

&SdcJhao;onf/

1910 jynfhESpfavmufodk Y a&mufaomtcg

pmMunfhcef;rsm;onfNrdKUe,ftESHYtjym; jzpfvmMu

onf/ xdktcgu 0dkiftrfbDattoif;? okp&dw

,k0toif; tp&Sdonfwdk Y ay:aygufvm&m xdk

toif;rsm; &Sd&mt&yfwGif pmMunfhcef;rsm; &Sdonf

omrsm;avonf/ wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;onf ,cif

uxuf Edk;Mum;vmMuonf/ vGwfvyfa&; 0HomEk

vkyfief;onf xdktcguyif vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfvm

onf/ 1925 ckESpfavmufrSpí pmMunfhcef; pmMunfh

wdkufvkyfief;onf tm;opf&vmonf/ xdktcgu

jrefrmEdkifiH ynmjyefYyGm;a&;toif;[lí&Sd&m xdktoif;

onf pmMunfhwdkuf xGef;um;rItwGuftm; xkwf

onf/ NrdKUrsm;&Sd jrLeDpDy,ftzGJUrsm;tm; pmMunfhwdkuf

rsm;udk wnfaxmifap&efaoG;aqmif a[majymavh&Sd

onf/

xdktcgtpdk;&onf aiGaMu;taxmuftyHhay;

onf/ NrdKUolNrdKUom;wdk Yu pmMunfhwdkuftwGuf

vSL'gef;orQwGiftpdk;&u xuf0ufavmuf taxmuf

tyHhay;avh&Sdonf/ þodkYjzifh NrdKUrsm;ü pmMunfhwdkuf

i,frsm; wdk;yGm;vmMuonf/ xdktcguaomf tpkd;&

onf wpfESpfvQif axmufyHhaMu;aiGwpfaomif;cefYudk

pmMunfhwdkuf rsm;twGuf &SpfESpfcefYoHk;pGJcJhonf/

1930 jynfhavmufrSpí aus;½Gmpmzwfcef;rsm;

xGef;um;vm Mujyefonf/aus;vufjyKjyifa&; toif;

[kvnf;aumif;? vli,frsm; BuD;yGm;a&;toif;[k

vnf;aumif; &SdvmMuonfjzpf&m þtoifESpfoif;

u OD;aqmifí tm;xkwfMuonf/ aus;½GmpmMunfh

wdkuf? pmMunfhcef; wpfaxmifavmuf xGef;um;cJh

onf/ OD;bdk;usm;ESifh OD;qefeDwdkYonf xdkpmMunfhwdkuf

pmMunfhcef;rsm;odkY pmtkyftrsm;qHk; vSL'gef;avh

&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif 'kwd,urÇmppftwGif;wGif jrefrm

EdkifiHvnf; ppf'PfcHcJh&ojzifh ysufpD;qHk;yg;cJhMu

onf/

(1965 ckESpf?pufwifbmvü usif;yaom jyefMum;

a&;XmecGJ pmMunfhwdkufoifwef;ü a[majymcsuf)

aZmf*s DaZmf*s DaZmf*s DaZmf*s DaZmf*s D

aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;? trSwf (70)? {NyDv ?aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;? trSwf (70)? {NyDv ?aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;? trSwf (70)? {NyDv ?aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;? trSwf (70)? {NyDv ?aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;? trSwf (70)? {NyDv ?

1966 ckESpf/1966 ckESpf/1966 ckESpf/1966 ckESpf/1966 ckESpf/

vlom;b0 redrfhus&ef

Ceaocsm pmzwfygrS

odvmokw ynm&\/

vlom;b0 csrf;om&&ef

cPrMum pmzwfygrS

aocsmjynfh0 tm;rmef&\/

vlom;b0 atmufrus&ef

rsm;vSpmay taxGaxGESifh

aeYpOfukefoGm; ynmrsm;\/

vlom;b0 wkd;wuf&trSef

pdwfuBuHod pmayn§dESifh

u0dOpöm jrwfynmukd

&SmazGavhvm pkaqmif;umjzifh

pmaypcef; a&mufvkrSef;onf

pmvrf;ayvrf; avsmufpkdYav

pmtkyfpmay vlYrdwfaqG

pmayqkdxkH; &SdcJhay/

armifjrifhxGef;armifjrifhxGef;armifjrifhxGef;armifjrifhxGef;armifjrifhxGef;

pmtkyfpmay vlYrdwfaqGD

3636363636

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

a':ndKr\touf av;ig;ESpft&G,fuwnf;u

rdcifajymjyaom tdyf&m0ifyk H jyifrsm;rSwpfqif h

om;awmf&m[kvmav;uk d oduRr f ;c J h&onf/

cspfcifESpfoufcJh&onf/

Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;onf pMu0Vmwkdufwpfaomif;

wGif tjrwfqkH; aom yk*d¾Kvfjzpfonf[laomtodukd

Ak'bmom0ifwpfOD;yDyD vlrSef; odpt&G,fuwnf;u

odcGif h&? ,kHMunfcGif h&cJ h NyD;jzpfonf/ xkd YaMumifh

]]bk&m;&JUom;awmfav;jzpf&wm olYavmufuHaumif;

wJhol&SdygOD;rvm;}}[k uav;yDyD awG;awmtm;us

cJhonf/ wpfzufrSvnf; ]]olvnf;arG;a&m? olYtaz

u olwkdYom;trdukdxm;cJhNyD; awmvnf; xGufoGm;yg

a&m}}[k awG;um oem;u½kPmoufaerdjyefygonf/

rdcifu tarGawmif;ckdif;aomaMumifh bk&m;&Sif

\ ouFef;pukd qGJukdifum ausmif;awmftxd aumuf

aumufygatmif vkdufoGm;aom omuD0ifrif;om;

av;\ ykH&dyfESifhjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu ]]igay;Ekdifaom

tarGonf avmukwå&mtarGomjzpfonf}}[kqkdum

ouFef;qD; ay;vkdufojzifh omoemhabmifa&muf

oGm;aom ckepfESpfom;t&G,f ukd&ifaygufpeav;

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3737373737

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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3838383838

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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3939393939

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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4040404040

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

Mum;z l ;em;0? okwavmufi? p k H jynf hvQ HMum;z l ;em;0? okwavmufi? p k H jynf hvQ HMum;z l ;em;0? okwavmufi? p k H jynf hvQ HMum;z l ;em;0? okwavmufi? p k H jynf hvQ HMum;z l ;em;0? okwavmufi? p k H jynf hvQ H

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4141414141

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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wwfrsm;jzpfatmif jynfolvlxk yg0ifyl;aygif;

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a&;yifjzpfygonf/

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awmom;&efatmif? jcaoFha,mifokd Yawmom;&efatmif? jcaoFha,mifokd Yawmom;&efatmif? jcaoFha,mifokd Yawmom;&efatmif? jcaoFha,mifokd Yawmom;&efatmif? jcaoFha,mifokd Y

ra&Smifrn§m? wsif;wsif;rmíra&Smifrn§m? wsif;wsif;rmíra&Smifrn§m? wsif;wsif;rmíra&Smifrn§m? wsif;wsif;rmíra&Smifrn§m? wsif;wsif;rmí

ynm&J&ifh? yG Jv,fwifhvdrf h/ynm&J&ifh? yG Jv,fwifhvdrf h/ynm&J&ifh? yG Jv,fwifhvdrf h/ynm&J&ifh? yG Jv,fwifhvdrf h/ynm&J&ifh? yG Jv,fwifhvdrf h/

&Sifr[m&|om&(ukd;cef;ysK dU) &Sifr[m&|om&(ukd;cef;ysK dU) &Sifr[m&|om&(ukd;cef;ysK dU) &Sifr[m&|om&(ukd;cef;ysK dU) &Sifr[m&|om&(ukd;cef;ysK dU)

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4242424242

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

jrefrmtbd"mefü ]] arwåmpm }}[laom a0g[m

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jrefrmpmayü wpfacwfxGef;cJhMuavonf/

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t&mudkvdkufí today;jcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;? EId;aqmf

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tm;vyfcsdefrsm;wGif ½kyfjrif

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zdk;tcuftcJ? zwfNyD;odrf;qnf;

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4343434343

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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aumif;rsm;&Sdaeíjzpfrnf/ xdktaMumif; aumif;rsm;

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4444444444

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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4646464646

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

yef;wpfcif;udkysKd;aomolonfom yef;ysKd;aom

vufykdif&Sifr[kwfyg/ &ifrSjzpfaom om;orD;wdkYtm;

cspfjcif;arwåmtm;jzihf ,SufEG,fcsnfaESmif? BudK;pm;

tm;xkwf jyKpkysKd;axmifí b0ü tvSyqHk;yef;yGihf

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rsm;yif jzpfMuygonf/

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4747474747

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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4848484848

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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4949494949

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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5050505050

owif;vTm trSwf (3)

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5151515151

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trSw f(3) owif;v Tm Light Broucher (3)_0.pdf2 owif;v Tm trSw f(3) yHkESdyfrSwfwrf; yHkESdyfjcif; 2015 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv rsufESmzHk;ESifh twGif;'DZdkif; oufcdkif0if; xkwfa0ol OD;at;