trSw f 3/ atmu fw dkbm 2006// No. 3 October · PDF filetrSw f 3/ atmu fw dkbm 2006// No. 3 October 2006 Labor Right IA Burmese.pmd 1 12/10/2006, 13:16

trSwf 3/ atmufwdkbm 2006// No. 3 October 2006

Labor Right IA Burmese.pmd 12/10/2006, 13:161

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awmh olwdk@&Hk;rSm pum;jyefr&Sdbl;? olwdk@ usrwdk@udkxdkif;vdkajymw,f? usrwdk@vnf;em;rvnfawmhbmvkyf&rvJqdkwmudk rodawmhbl;? tJ'D&kH;uusrwdk@udkajymw,f bmomjyefol&Smvmyg? usrwdk@vnf; bmomjyefol&Smawmh olwdk@uw&m;0ifbmomjyefolr[kwfvdk@ zrf;rSmudkpdk;&drf+yD; olwdk@rvdkuf&J=uyg? usrwdk@twGuf pum;jyefwpfOD;vdkonfh ta=umif;udk (rufyf) &Hk;udkwifjy+yD;aemufawmh olwdk@pum;jyefwpfOD;ydk@vmay;w,f?

usrwdk@ pum;jyef&+yD; tvkyform; umuG,fa&;&Hk;udkoGm;+yD; wdkifcsufzGifhxm;cJhw,f?wdkifcsufzGifhxm;+yD;wJ@tcg tvkyform;umuG,fa&;&kH;uae usrwdk@udfk trdef@pmwpfapmif csay;w,f? b,fvdktrdef@pmvJqdkawmh tvkyf&SifbufrSm trSm;r&Sdbl; tvkyform;bufrSmbJtrSm;&S dw,fqdkwJhtrdef@ukd csay;vdkufw,f?tJ'ga=umifh usrwdk@udk bmrScHpm;cGifhr&bl;qdk+yD;trdef@csrSwfvdkufw,f? usrwdk@tzGJ@u pmzwfrwwfvdk@ (rufyf) / a&mifjcnfOD;tzGJ@u zwfay;+yD;pum;jyefay;wJ@twGuf usrwdk@od&ygw,f?


8


????? tvkyform;umuG,fa&;&Hk; wm0ef&Sd

olu trwdk@udk ESdrf+yD;+cdrf;ajcmufwmrsKd;&Sdygovm;?

� +cdrf;ajcmufwmvm;awmh usrwdk@rodbl;?olwdk@uajymw,f rif;wdk@tvkyform;awG

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awmif;ygw,f? tvkyform;umuG,fa&;u csxm;wJ@trdef@udk oabmrwlvdk@ w&m;&Hk;udk tr_qufwufr,fqdk+yD; ruf(yf)tzGJ@udktultnDawmif;w,f? w&m;&Hk;rSmtr_wifawmh w&m;&Hk;u usrwdk@tzGJ@eJ@ tvkyf&SifawGudka&m trsdK;rsdK;tr_ppfaq;w,f?

aemufqHk; trSefajym&,if usrwdk@wifxm;wJhtr_ Edkifw,fvdk@ajym&rSmaygh? ydkufqH&vdk@ajymwmr[kwfbl;? oduQm&Sd&SdeJ@ w&m;&Hk;rSmw&m;ol}uD;udk,fwdkifu tvkyform;awGbuf rSefuefw,fqdkwJhtrdef@ cswJhtwGuft&rf;0rf;omygw,f? usrwdk@avsmfa=u;udk&vdkufw,f? ydkufqHudkjrifwJ@tcg 'Dtr_udkusrwdk@Edkif+yD;qdkwmudkod&w,f? ajymrwwfatmif 0rf;omrdw,f? aemufqHk; olaÏ;awGu tvkyform;awGudk vkyfcsifwdkif;vkyfvdk@r&bl;qdkwJhtodu olwdk@acgif;xJrSm 0ifoGm;vdrf@r,f?


9


????? tjcm;puf&Hkutvkyform;awG jzpfjzpf/

tvkyform;umuG,fa&;&kH;rSm tr_wifxm;wJh tvkyform;jzpfjzpf olwdk@twGuf bmawGajymcsifygovJ?

� olwdk@twGuf ajymcsifwmuawmh tr_vrf;a=umif;em;rvnfwJhvlqdk&if usrwdk@

tr_&ifqdkifzl;wJ@vl&J@tawG@t}uHKudk olwdk@udk ajymjyvdrfhr,f? olaX;u rw&m;vkyfwmudk acgif;iHkrcHaezkd@/ quf+yD;wdkufzdk@t}uHay;r,f? usrwdk@vdkbJatmifyGJ&zdk@twGuf t+rJwrf; olwdk@udk ajymjyr,f?

????? bmawGt}uHay;csifygovJ?

� jzpfEdkifr,fqdk&if tvkyform;awG=um; xJrSm tvkyform;awGeJ@ tvkyform;udk

ul nDwJ@tzGJ@tpnf;=um;rSm EC yHkpHrsdK; 'grSr[kwftvkyform;or*~}uD; r[kwf&ifawmifrS tvkyform; EC vdktzGJ@av;wpfzGJ@avmuf zGJ@csifwJhqEN&Sdygw,f? bma=umifhvJqdkawmh wpfcsdK@uem;rvnfbl;/ wpfcsdK@uolaÏ; rw&m;vkyfw,fqdkwmudk odod}uD;eJ@acgif;iHk@+yD; t&_H;ay;=uwJhvlursm;w,f? bma=umifhvJqdkawmh wdkifvJbmrSjzpfvmrSm r[kwfbl;/ olaÏ;utiftm;}uD;w,f/ tvkyform;bufu tiftm;enf;w,f/ iwf&if tvkyform;bJiwfrSm tvkyf&SifolaÏ;awG iwfrSmr[kwfbl;? tJ'DvlrsdK;awG=um;rSm qufpyfay;r,fhtvkyform; EC tzGJ@av;wpfzGJ@ zGJ@csifwJhqEN&Sdygw,f? �

'Dtvkyform; umuG,fa&; Oya'[mxdkif;EdkifiHxJrSm&dSwJh tvkyform;tm;vHk; (EdkifiHjcm;om;tvkyform;/ w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufvmwJha&$@ajymif;tvkyform;tygt0if) 'DumuG,fa&;Oya'twdkif; wef;wlnDr# tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&dSygw,f? “tvkyform;”vdk@qdk&mrSm “ tvkyf&SifeJ@ tvkyfvkyfzdk@ oabmwl+yD; vkyftm;c&wJ@olawG ” vdk@ t"dyg,fzGifhqdkxm;ygw,f?

wpfae@wm tvkyfcsdef / em;&uf eJ@wpfae@wm tvkyfcsdef / em;&uf eJ@wpfae@wm tvkyfcsdef / em;&uf eJ@wpfae@wm tvkyfcsdef / em;&uf eJ@wpfae@wm tvkyfcsdef / em;&uf eJ@

cGifh&ufrsm;cGifh&ufrsm;cGifh&ufrsm;cGifh&ufrsm;cGifh&ufrsm;

tvkyform;wpfa,muf[m wpfae@udktvkyfvkyfcsdef 8 em&D/ wpfywfudk 48 em&Dxufydkrvkyf&/ udk,f@&J@usef;rma&;eJ@vHk+cHKa&;udk xdcdkufapEdkifwJhtvkyfrsKd;rSm wpfae@udk 7 em&D/ wpfywfudk (42)em&Dxuf ydkrvkyf&?

tvkyf&SiftaeeJ@ wpfywfudk em;&uftenf;qHk;wpf&uf&dSatmif pDpOfay;&rSmjzpf+yD;/trsm;jynfol&Hk;ydwf&ufrSm wpfESpfudk tenf;qHk;13 &uf/ tJ'DrSm tenf;qHk; wpfESpfqufwdkuftvkyfvkyfvmcJh,if wpfESpfudk aemufxyfem;&uf6 &uf&&ygr,f? aexdkifraumif;jzpfwJhtcg/

xdkif;ouU&mZf2541 rSmjyÏmef;wJh

tvkyform;umuG,fa&; Oya't&

1998 ckESpf/ tvkyform;umuG,fa&; Oya'

(azma&maAm 2541)


10


Oyrm -uav;arG;jcif; om;a=umjzwfjcif; udpP

awGrSm a&SmifwcifcGifh&&ygr,f?

tcsdefydk tvkyfqif;c/ em;&ufrSmtcsdefydk tvkyfqif;c/ em;&ufrSmtcsdefydk tvkyfqif;c/ em;&ufrSmtcsdefydk tvkyfqif;c/ em;&ufrSmtcsdefydk tvkyfqif;c/ em;&ufrSm

tvkyfqif;ceJ@ em;&ufrSm tcsdefydktvkyfqif;ceJ@ em;&ufrSm tcsdefydktvkyfqif;ceJ@ em;&ufrSm tcsdefydktvkyfqif;ceJ@ em;&ufrSm tcsdefydktvkyfqif;ceJ@ em;&ufrSm tcsdefydk

tvkyfqif;c?tvkyfqif;c?tvkyfqif;c?tvkyfqif;c?tvkyfqif;c?

wpfae@udk 8 em&Dxuf ydkoGm;wJh tvkyfcsdef[m tcsdefydktvkyfqif;wmjzpfw,f? tJ'DtwGuf wpfem&Dudk e*dk&wJh vkyftm;c&J@wpfqcGJ/&&rSmjzpfw,f?

Oyrm -omrmeftvkyfcsdef wpfae@udk 144 bwf

&&if/ wpfem&Dudk 144¨ 8 ] 18 bwf 'ga=umifhwpfem&D tcsdefydkqif;c 18 § 1ª ]27 bwf/ em&Dydkif;tvkduf vkyfwJholawG/ ykwfjywfiSg;+yD; vkyfolawGtaeeJ@ udk,fhem;&ufrSm tvkyfvmcdkif;,ife*dkvkyfc&J@ ESpfq &&ygr,f?

wpfywfudk em;&ufwpf&uf&dS+yD;/ tJ'Dem;&ufrSmtvkyfqif;,if e*dk&wJhvkyftm;cxuf ESpfq&&ygr,f?Oyrm -

omrmeftvkyfcsdef wpfae@ 144 bwf /em;&ufrSm 144 § 2 ] 288 bwf &&r,f?

em;&ufxJrSm tcsdefydktvkyfqif;,if e*dktcsdefydktvkyfqif;c&@J 3 q &&rSmjzpfygw,f?'ga=umifh

omrmeftcdsefydkqif;c wpfem&Dv#if 27 bwf

em;&ufrSm tcsdefydkqif;c

wpfem&Dv#if 27 § 3 ] 71 bwf ?

uav;tvkyform;udk cdkif;apjcif;uav;tvkyform;udk cdkif;apjcif;uav;tvkyform;udk cdkif;apjcif;uav;tvkyform;udk cdkif;apjcif;uav;tvkyform;udk cdkif;apjcif;

tvkyf&SiftaeeJ@ touf 15 ESpfatmufuav;udk iSg;&rf;cdkif;apcGifhr&dfS? touf 18 ESpfatmuftvkyform;udk tvkyfcdkif;r,fqdk,if tvkyfqif;cdkif;csdefuaep+yD; 15 &uftwGif;rSm tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;t&m&dSxH ta=umif;=um;&r,f?


11


1) tE W&m,f&dS+yD; usef;rma&;udk xdcdkufapwJhtvkyfrsKd;/ Oyrm- rdkif;wGif;/ owWKwGif;/ OrSifvkd%facgif;xJrSm vkyf&wJhtvkyfawG?

2) q,frDwmxufydk+yD;jrif hwJh jirf;pifay:wuf+yD; vkyf&wJh tvkyf?

3) aygufuGJ+yD; rD;avmifvG,fwJh tvkyf?

tvkyf&SiftaeeJ@ udk,f0efaqmiftrsKd;orD;tvkyform;ud k n 10;00 em&Duae reuf6;00 em&Dxd tvkyfqif;cdkif;wmrsKd;/ tcsdefydk tvkyfqif;cdkif;wmrsKd;/ atmufazmfjyyg tvkyfrsKd;awGcdkif;apwmrsKd; rvkyf&?

1) wkefcgr_rsm;wJh pufu&d,mawG/ tif*sifpufawGeJ@ vkyf&wJhtvkyf?

2) ,mOfarmif;jcif;/ ,mOfaemufvdkufjcif;?

3) 15 uDvdk*&rfxufav;wJh ypPnf;udko,fr a&$@ajymif;jcif;?

4) yifv,fjyifxJu tvkyf (avSpD;+yD;vkyf&wJhtvkyf)

5) tvkyform;0ef=uD;Ïmeu uef@owfxm;wJh wjcm;tvkyf?

uav;arG;r,fqdk&if em;&uf&dS&ygr,f? 'gayr,fh uav;wpfcgarG;,if &ufaygif; 90 xufydk+yD;cGifhr,l&? rD;zGm;cGifh&ufaygif; 45 &ufpmtwGufvpm&&r,f?

q&m0efaxmufcHpm&dSwJh udk,f0efaqmiftrsKd;orD;awGtaeeJ@ vkyfief;cGifxJu wjcm;oifhavsmfwJhtvkyfajymif;vkyfzdk@ awmif;qdkEdkif+yD;tvkyf&Sifuvnf; awmif;qdkcsufudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm; ay;&ygr,f?

udk,f0ef&Sdw,fqdkwJh ta=umif;jycsufeJ@tvkyfðzwfypfvdk@r&yg? tvkyf&Sif[m trsKd;orD;tvkyform;tay:rSm AvuUm,ðyjcif;/ xdcdkufapmfum;jcif;/ rðy&? trsKd;om;eJ@trsKd;orD; vkyftm;cwef;wlnDr# &&ygr,f?trsKd;orD; um,tdajENysufjym;atmif aemufajymifusDp,fjcif;/ xduyg; &duyg; ajymqdkðyrljcif; rðy&?

tvkyf&SiftaeeJ@ atmufygtvkyfrsKd;udk rcdkif;ap&

trsKd;orD;tvkyform;udk cdkif;apjcif;trsKd;orD;tvkyform;udk cdkif;apjcif;trsKd;orD;tvkyform;udk cdkif;apjcif;trsKd;orD;tvkyform;udk cdkif;apjcif;trsKd;orD;tvkyform;udk cdkif;apjcif;


12


'Dvd kowfrSwfxm;wJhtxJrSm wHigvkyfief;/ pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;/ tdrfazmfpwJh tvkyfawG rygao;ygbl;? 'gayr,fh tvkyf&Sifudk pD;yGm;a&;bufrSmyg 0dkif;ulvkyfay;&wmrsKd; /

Oyrm tdrfazmfvkyf+yD; wpfzufu aps;a&mif;ulwmrsKd;/ pm;aomufqdkifrSm pm;yGJxdk; ulvkyfay;&wmrsKd;qdk,if Oya'abmifxJ 0ifyg

2006 ckESpf =o*kwfv 1 &uf ae@up+yD;awmh a'otvdkuf2006 ckESpf =o*kwfv 1 &uf ae@up+yD;awmh a'otvdkuf2006 ckESpf =o*kwfv 1 &uf ae@up+yD;awmh a'otvdkuf2006 ckESpf =o*kwfv 1 &uf ae@up+yD;awmh a'otvdkuf2006 ckESpf =o*kwfv 1 &uf ae@up+yD;awmh a'otvdkuf

owfrSwfxm;wJh wpf&ufpmtwGuf vkyftm;c pHE_ef;awGuawmhowfrSwfxm;wJh wpf&ufpmtwGuf vkyftm;c pHE_ef;awGuawmhowfrSwfxm;wJh wpf&ufpmtwGuf vkyftm;c pHE_ef;awGuawmhowfrSwfxm;wJh wpf&ufpmtwGuf vkyftm;c pHE_ef;awGuawmhowfrSwfxm;wJh wpf&ufpmtwGuf vkyftm;c pHE_ef;awGuawmh

befaumuf/ EGefxbl&D/ ecGrfyxkef/ yxkefXmeD/ qrGwfy&uef ESifh qrGwfqmcGef; 184 bwf

zl;upf 184 bwf

q&yl&D 166 bwf

ecGrf&wfcsfqDrm;/ z&ecGrfqD t,k'<, 158 bwf

csif;rdkif/ zef;ig;/ &aemif; ESif@ &a,mif; 155 bwf

&mhcsfyl&D; / vkyfyl&D; 154 bwf

cscsdef;aqm(0f)/ 153 bwf

usef;xyl&D/ qrGwfqkefc&rf; / y&usLyfcD;&D;cef 150 bwf

wvef;/ tefaxmif;/ q&ausmh / O'Gef;ÏmeD /w&wf/ qkzefyl&D 148 bwf

qif;yl&D / um&qif/ yl&D&rf/ acgifefuJif/ yd\Edk;vkwf/ urfzdkif;zdwf 147 bwf

c|ef;zGef;/ vrf;yef;/ vrf;yGef;/ qkcdkxdkif;/ csKdif;&zkrf;/ csKdif;ewf/ avG; /ecGrfq0rf / zpfcsAGef; 145 bwf

eacgef;qDxr&wf / e&xd0yf / ywWeD/ ,vm;/ qkefcvm/ qwGef;/aemifcdkif; / Oxdkif;ÏmeD/ ,qdkaxmif; 144 bwf

wmhuf/ ecGrfem,kwf/ rk'f'g[ef/ vGJtpf/ qDqupf/ emef@/ zvJ@/ zduspf/ quGefecGef; 142 bwf

r,fa[mifaqmef / OAGef;&csfÏmeD 141 bwf

za,m0f; 140 bwf

w,f? wHigvkyfief;eJ@ pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;rSmqdk&ifvkyftm;cu tvkyf&SifeJ@tvkyform; ESpfOD;ESpfzuf oabmwlnDcsuf tay:rlwnfygw,f?tJ'Dvdk oabmwlndSE_dif;wJhtcg txufrSmazmfjycJhwJhvkyftm;cawGxuf rav#m@oifhygbl;? owfrSwfxm;wJh tedrfhqHk;vkyftm;c[m

pmrSufem 15 odk@


13


tvkyform;umuG,fa&;Oya't& tvkyf&Sif[m tvkyform;udk owfrSwfxm;wJh tedrf@qHk;vkyftm;cE_ef;xm;twdkif; ay;acs&rSmjzpfw,f?Oyrmtm;jzifh armifcsmvD[m ol@tvkyf&SifqDuowfrSwfxm;wJh vkyftm;ctwdkif; tjynfhr&cJhbl;qdk,if olaemufxyf&oifh &xdkufwJhvkyftm;c/tvkyf&Sifu ol@udkay;zdk@usefaeao;wJh vkyftm;cudk wGufcsuf=unfh&atmif / armifcsmvD[m wmcfhc&dkifxJu odk;arG;qGJpuf&Hkwpf&HkrSmtvkyfvkyfygw,f? ol[m 2005 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 1 &ufae@up+yD; tvkyf0ifcJhw,f? ol[m wevFmae@uaepaeae@xd ae@wdkif;yJ reuf 8 em&Duae n 11em&Dxd tvkyfqif;w,f?

we*FaEGae@usawmh reuf 8 em&Duae nae 5em&Dxd tvkyfqif;w,f? vkyftm;cawmh wpfae@udk bwf 60 yg? ol[m tJ'DrSm 2006 ckESpf 'DZifbm30 &uftxd tvkyfvkyfw,f?

1/ &dk;&dk;vkyftm;crSm tvkyf&SifqDu b,favmuf&zdk@usefao;vJ?

2/ em;&ufrSm tvkyfvkyf&wJhvkyftm;c b,favmuf&zdk@ usefao;vJ?

3? &dk;&dk;&ufrSm tcsdefydkqif;ctwGuf b,favmuf&zdk@usefao;vJ ?

ºuGif;usefvkyftm;c wGufcsufenf;

2005 ckESpf / wpfESpfpmvkyftm;c tedfrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 139 bwfE_ef;2005 ckESpf / wpfESpfpmvkyftm;c tedfrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 139 bwfE_ef;2005 ckESpf / wpfESpfpmvkyftm;c tedfrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 139 bwfE_ef;2005 ckESpf / wpfESpfpmvkyftm;c tedfrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 139 bwfE_ef;2005 ckESpf / wpfESpfpmvkyftm;c tedfrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 139 bwfE_ef;

wGufcsufenf;udk 'DZ,m;uGufxJrSm =unf@=unfhyg

tvkyfqif;

aom umv

em;&ufr Sm tvky f

vkyfc wae@bwf 60

&+y D ;I wae@ 128

bwf &zdk@usef

ºuGif;usefvkyfc

pkpkaygif;

tcsdefydkqif;c wem&D

udk 26 bwf

armifcsmvD[m2005 ckESpfrSm(1/1/05) uae(30/12/06) txd wae@udk tcsdefydk 5 em&DeJ@wESpfvkyfcJ@w,f

tcsdefyd kqif;cJ@wJ@&ufaygif; ] 312 &uf/ wae@udk 5 em&Dtcsdefydk qif;w,f ºuif;useftcsdefydkvkyfc wem&Dudk 26bwf] 312 &uf §26 bwf] 40560 (wpfESpfpm)40560 bwf

em;&ufrSm &ufaygif; ] 48&uf/ tvkyfqif;cJ@&w,fwpf&ufudk 218 bwf] 48 &uf § 218 bwf] 10464 (wpfESpfpm)

10464 bwf 75672 bwf

ºuGif;usefvkyfc wae@

bwf 60 &+yD;I wae@

79 bwf &zdk@usef

tvkyfvkyfcJ@&wJ@ &ufaygif;312 &uf/ (wESpf ºuif;usefvkyfc ] 79 bwf)] 312 § 79 bwf] 24648 (wpfESpfpm)

24648 bwf


14


&dk;&dk;&ufrSm tcsdefydkqif;cwpfae@vkyfcudk &dk;&dk;tvkyfqif;csdef 8 em&D

eJ@pm;+yD; tydkvkyfcwpfqcGJeJ@ ajrSmuf aemufxyftcsdefydk qif;csdefem&Daygif;eJ@ xyfajrSmuf/ Oyrmwpfae@udk 5 em&Dtcsdefydk qif;cJh&if wpfem&Dtcsdefydkqif;c ] 139 bwf ÷ 8 em&D »1 . 5 q ]26 bwf5 em&D tcs defyd kqif;c ]26 »5 130 bwf(wpfae@pm)

em;&ufrSm tvkyfqif;cem;&ufrSm tvkyfqif;&if &dk;&dk;vkyftm;c

xuf 2 q &&rSmjzpfw,f? wpfywfrSm wpf&ufem;cGifh&dSwJhtwGuf em;&ufrSm tvkyfqif;c] 139 »2 ] 278 bwf (wpfae@pm)

aemufxyf&zdk@ usefaewJh &dk;&dk;vkyfc139 bwfxJu &+yD;wJhvkyfcudk E_wf wpfv

rSm tvkyfqif;cJhwJh &ufeJ@xyf ajrSmuf wpf&ufudkvkyfc bwf (60) &+yD;+yD? aemufxyf 79 bwf&zdk@usefw,f? 139 bwf - 60 bwf » 26 &uf ]2054 bwf (wpfvpm)

2006 ckESpf / wpfESpfpmvkyftm;c tedfrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 143 bwfE_ef;2006 ckESpf / wpfESpfpmvkyftm;c tedfrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 143 bwfE_ef;2006 ckESpf / wpfESpfpmvkyftm;c tedfrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 143 bwfE_ef;2006 ckESpf / wpfESpfpmvkyftm;c tedfrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 143 bwfE_ef;2006 ckESpf / wpfESpfpmvkyftm;c tedfrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 143 bwfE_ef;

tvkyfqif;

aom umv

em;&ufrSm tvkyfvkyf

c wae@bwf 60 &+yD;

I wae@ 218 bwf

&zdk@usef

ºuGif;usefvkyfc

pkpkaygif;

tcsdefydkqif;c wem&D

udk 26/ 81 bwf

armifcsmvD[m2006 ckESpfrSm(1/1/06) uae(30/12/06) txd wae@udk tcsdefydk 5 em&DeJ@wESpfvkyfcJ@w,f

tcsdefyd kqif;cJ@wJ@&ufaygif; ] 312 &uf/ wae@udk 5 em&D ºuif;useftcsdefydkvkyfc/ wem&Dudk26.81 bwf (312 &uf§ 5 em&D §26.81 bwf)] 41832.6 (wpfESpfpm)41832.6 bwf

em;&ufrSm &ufaygif; ] 48&uf/ tvkyfqif;cJ@&w,fºuif;usefvkyfc wae@ 226bwf(48 &uf § 226 bwf)] 10848 (wpfESpfpm)

10848 bwf 78540.6bwf

ºuGif;usefvkyfc wae@

bwf 60 &+yD;I wae@

83 bwf &zdk@usef

tvkyfvkyfcJ@&wJ@ &ufaygif;312 &uf/ (wESpf ºuif;usefvkyfc ] 83 bwf)] 312 &uf § 83 bwf] 25869 (wpfESpfpm)

25869 bwf

rSwfcsuf139 bwf[m Oya'u owfrSwfxm;wJh

tedrfhqHk;vkyftm;cjzpfw,f? tedrfhqHk;vkyftm;c[m wpfESpfeJ@wpfESpf/ wpfc&dkifESifhwpfc&dkif rwljyefbl;/ ESpfwdkif;ajymif;vJr_&dSygw,f?

wpfae@udk &dk;&dk;tvkyfcsdef 8 em&Dxufrydk&?Oyrm reuf 8;00 em&Duae nae 5;00 em&Dxdvkyf+yD;&if usefwJhtcsdef[m tcsdefydktvkyfcsdefawGygyJ?

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tcsKyftm;jzifh wGufcsufenf;


15


EdkifiHpD;yGm;a&;aps;uGufay: rlwnf+yD; ajymif;vJr_&dSEdkifygw,f? xdkif;tvkyform; or*~taeeJ@vnf; wpfEdkifiHvHk;rSm vkyftm;c wpfae@udk 233bwf tm;vHk;wajy;nD&zdk@twGuf wdkufwGef;E_d;aqmfvsuf &dSaeygw,f?

pmrSufem 12 rS tquf

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'ga=umifh 1998 ckESpfu xkwfjyefwJh tvkyform;umuG,fa&;Oya'yk'fr - 123 t& wu,fvdk@tvkyform;wdkif;[m tvkyf&SifqDuvkyftm;cr&bl;/ tvkyf&SifeJ@jy\emjzpfwmawG/ tvkyform;tcGifhta&; qHk;&_H;wmrsdK;awG&SdcJh,if oufqdkif&mtvkyform;ppfaq;a&;t&m&SdqDrSm wdkif=um;/ ta&;,lcGifh&Sdygw,f?

tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sd qdkwmtvkyform;0ef}uD;Ïmevufatmufu 0efxrf;yJjzpfygw,f? olwdk@&J@wm0ef0wW&m;eJ@vkyfydkifcGifhawGuawmh

1) vkyfief;cGifxJrSm Oya'eJ@avsmfnDwJh tvkyform;iSm;&rf;jcif;&Sd/ r&SdoGm;a&mufppfaq;jcif;/ jy\em jzpfcJh,if tjzpfrSefudkar;jref;az:xkwfjcif;/ tvkyform;trnfpm&if;eJ@wuG tcsdefydktvkyfqif;c/ &dk;&dk; tvkyfqif;c/em;&ufrSmtvkyfqif;c pwJhvkyfcqdkif&mtcsuftvufawGudk jznfhpGufrSwfwrf;wifjcif;/ tjzpfrSeftwGuf oufaotjzpf "gwfyHk&dkuful;jcif;?

2) jzpf&yftrSefudk ppfaq;ar;jref;zdk@twGuf oufqdkif&mtvkyf&SifeJ@ tvkyform;awGqD ta=umif;=um;pm xkwfjyefay;ydk@jcif;?

3) tvkyform;umuG,fa&;Oya'udk vdkufemzdk@eJ@ csdef;qdkxm;wJhae@&uf/ tcsdeftwGif;rSm vma&mufajz&Sif;zdk@ tvkyf&SifeJ@tvkyform;udktrdef@pmay;ydk@jcif;/ wu,fvdk@ 15 &uftwGif;rSm vdkufemaqmif&Gufjcif; r&Sdbl;qdk,iftvkyform;Oya't& ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif;?

xdkif;Oya't& tvkyform;umuG,fa&;enf;vrf;rsm;

tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sdqdkwm bmvJ

ar;cGef;ar;cGef;ar;cGef;ar;cGef;ar;cGef;

1) uav;tvkyform;awGudk b,ftvkyfrsKd;rSm [ef@wm;xm;ovJ?

2) tedrfhqHk; vkyftm;c&J@t"dy`g,f[mbmvJ? tvkyf&Sif[m tedrfhqHk;vkyftm;cxufavsm@enf;+yD; ay;vdk@&rvm;? �


16


4) tcGifhta&;csdK;azgufjcif;cH&wJh tvkyform;awG&J@jy\emtcuftcJawGudk =um;emvufcHjcif;?

5) tvkyf&SifeJ@tvkyform;wdk@=um;rSm bufvdkufr_r&SdyJ tqifajyatmif zsefajz!SdEd_if;ay;jcif;? bmomjyefwJhvl &SmazGjcif;pwmawGyJjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifrdk@ tvkyform;awGtaeeJ@ tvkyf&SifeJ@jy\em&Sdvm,if vkyfief;cGifrSm w&m;Oya'twdkif; aqmif&Gufay;apcsifw,fqdk,if wdkif=um;zdk@twGuf udk,fhzufu pDpOf&r,fh[mawGuawm@

1/ udk,fhvdkyJ jy\emtcuftcJawG&SdwJh tvkyform;tcsif;csif;pk&Hk;&r,f? vkyfief;cGifrSm&SdwJh tvkyform;OD;a&&J@ 15 &mcdkifE_ef;xufydkwJh ta&twGuftxdudk rsm;Edkifor# rsm;atmifpkpnf;+yD; Oya'twdkif;aqmif&Gufay;zdk@ awmif;qdk&r,f?

2/ udk,fu|rf;usifwJhbmomeJ@ tjzpfrSefudk a&;om;wdkifwef;Edkifw,f?

3/ tJ'Dpmudk rdwWLul;+yD; vkyfief;&Sifudk,fpm;vS,f 'grSr[kwf tvkyf&Hkrefae*smqDudkwpfapmif/ c&dkiftvkyform;umuG,fa&;&Hk;udkwpfapmifay;ydk@yg?

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5/ qENjyawmif;qdkr_twGuf jyifqif&mrSm wdkifwef;r,fhtvkyform;OD;a& usm;/ rtcsdK;usnDr#wJh tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,fudka&G;cs,f&r,f? (Oyrm - tvkyform; 50 rSmtrsdK;orD;u 30 ygae,if trsdK;orD;udk,fpm;vS,f ydkrsm;oifhw,faygh)

6/ ajz&Sif;!SdEd_if;zdk@twGuf tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sdbufu bmomjyefwJhvl&Sm&r,f? !SdEd _if;ajz&Sif;csuf[m tenf;qHk;Oya'u owfrSwfxm;wJh pHcsdefpHE_ef;tay: rlwnfae&r,f? (Oyrm - vkyftm;cqdk,if Oya'uowfrSwfxm;wJh E_ef;xm;twdkif; wGufcsufay;&r,f?)

tcsuftvufawGudk yHkpHpm&GufxJrSm a&;oGif;+yD;,if

1) tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f 2) tvkyf&Sif 3) tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sd oHk;zuf

pvHk;u oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;&r,f?


17


vufrSwfrxdk;cifrSm txufua&;om;az: jycsuftm;vHk;udk oufqdkif&mtvkyform;awG oabmaygufatmif aocsm&Sif;jy+yD;rSvufrSwfxdk;&rSmjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh a&;om;az: jycsuf[m ESpfbmompvHk;jzpfoifhw,f?

wu,fvdk@ udk,fhrSmtjypfr&SdyJeJ@ tvkyfxkwfcH&w,fqdk,if a&G;jc,fzdk@enf;vrf; 2 csuf&Sdw,f?

1/ tvkyform;umuG,ftkyfcsKyfa&;&kH;udkwdkif=um;zdk@eJ@

2/ tvkyform; qdkif&mw&m;&Hk;udk wdkif=um;zdk@yJjzpfw,f?

tvkyform;umuG,ftkyfcsKyfa&;&Hk;u t&m&SdqDudk wdkif=um;vdkw,fqdk,if vkyf&r,f@[mawGuawmh1) udk,faexdkifwJhðrd@e,f/ c&dkiftvkyform;umuG,fa&;&H k;ud koGm;+yD;wdkif=um;yg? &Hk;rSm wm0ef&SdwJholu bmomjyef &Smay;&r,f?2) tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;&Hk;t&m&Sdu tr_udkvma&mufajz&Sif;zdk@twGuf tvkyf&SifqDudk ta=umif;=um;pm ay;ydk@vdrf hr,f?trsm;tm;jzifhawmh tvkyf&SifawGbufuvm+yD;r&Sif;csifvdk@/ avsmfa=u;ray;csifvdk@ qifajctrsdK;rsdK;ay;+yD; tr_udktcsdefqGJxm;wwfw,f? 'ga=umifh!SdEd_if;w,fqdkwmxuf wdkif=um; r,fvdk@ajymwmuydk+yD;aumif;w,f? tvkyform;&Hk;u wm0ef& S dolu acgavm 7�� ckESpfyHkpHpm&GufrSm tcsuftvufawGudk a&;oGif;r,f?

um,uH&Siftvkyform;uvufrSwfxdk;&r,f?awmif;qdkcsufudk xyf+yD;twnfðyzd k @twGufacgavm 3 �� yHkpHpm&GufrSm aemufxyfjznfhoGif;a&;om;&r,f?

3) tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sdu tjzpfrSefay:zdk@twGuf ESpfzufpvHk;udk ppfaq;ar;jref;vdrfhr,f? tJ'Dawmh udk,fhbufu (tvkyform;bufu) oufaotaxmuftxm; tjynfhtpHk,lvm&r,f? bma=umifhvJqdkawmh tvkyf&Siftrsm;pkuvnf; tvkyform;udk vkyftm;cay;wJhta=umif; wcgwav t}uHtzefvkyfxm;wJhajypmawGeJ@ &Hk;rSmoufaovmjyvdrfhr,f?

'ga=umifhrdk@ udk,fem;rvnfwJhta=umif;t&mrSm vufrSwft&rf;rxdk;ygeJ@? udk,fhudk twif;t=uyfvufrSwfxd k;c d ki f;,if/ 'd jyifemrnfeJ @

Phot

o By:

MAP

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ndation


18


udk,fhbmompum;eJ@yJ a&;xdk;ay;vdkufyg? udk,f@tvkyform; rSwfyHkwifu'fxJuemrnf roHk;ygeJ@?tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sdu ac:pmydk@wJhcgtvkyf&Sifudk 65 &uftxd tcsdefay;xm;wJhtwGuf tr_udpP=umcsif=umvdrfhr,f? 'gayr,f@3 vxufawmh rydkbl;?

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wu,fvdk@ tvkyf&Sifbufu tr_&_H;cJh,iftJ'DaiG[m tvkyform;twGufavsmfa=u;ygyJ?

tvkyform;&Hk;rSmvm+yD;ajz&Sif;zd k @ jiif;qefysufuGufwJ htvky f& Si fu d ktvkyform;&Hk;zufua&S@aeuae tr_zGif hEd kifw,f? tJ' Dvd ktr_z Gi f hw&m;pG JwJ htcgrSm tvkyform;u tvkyform;&Hk;bufuae+yD; oufaovdkufay;&r,f?wu,fvdk@ tvkyform;&Hk;rSmyJvm+yD; !SdEd_if;ajyvnfoGm;=uw,fqdk,ifw&m;&H k;txd a&mufp&mrvdkygbl;?wu,fvdk@ tvkyform;

zufu tvkyform;rSmvm+yD;ajz&Sif;zdk@ oabmrwl,if udk,fhzmudk,fa&S@aeiSm;&r,f? w&m;&Hk;rSmtr_&ifqdkifwJhtcg tr_+yD;zdk@twGuf ESpfESpfavmuf=umEdkifw,f? yxrtqifh w&m;&Hk;&J@qHk;jzwfcsufudk rauseyf,if tjrifhqHk;w&m;cGiftxd wufa&muf&ifqdkifEdkifw,f?

Photo By: MAP Foundation

Phot

o By:

MAP

Fou

ndation


19


tcGif@ta&;awmif;qdkcsuf ykHpH

ae@pJG ---- &uf ---- v ---- ESpf------

ta=uif;t&m? ? vkyfief;tjctae jrSif@wifajymif;vJ&ef wifjyawmif;qdkcsuf?

yl;wJGay;ydk@csufrsm;? ? (1) wifjyawmif;qdkaomtvkyform; (--) OD;. trnfpm&if;? (2) awmif;qdkcsuf (---) csuf

txufygudpPESif@ywfoufI usaemfwdk@tvkyfvkyfudkifaom ---------- puf&kH? ukr%Donftvkyf orm;rsm; &oif@&xdkufaomtcGif@ta&;udk jynf@pkHpGmjznf@qnf;ay;r_r&Sdojzif@ Oya'rSowfrSwfxm; aom tvkyform;tcGif@ta&;twdkif; wdk;jrSif@ajymif;vJaxmif&Gufay;yg&efatmufygtvkyform; udk,fpm;vS,f --------- OD;tm; apv$wfI awmif;cHtyfygonf?

(1) -----------------------------(2) -----------------------------(3) -----------------------------

awmif;qdkcsufrsm;1) vkyftm;cESif@ tcsdefydktvkyfqif;crsm;udk owfrSwfxm;aom tvkyform;Oya'

twdkif; ay;acs&ef ?2) tvkyf&Sifodrf;qnf;xm;aom tvkyform;u'frsm; jyefay;&ef?3) tvkyform;rsm;tm; apmif@a&SmufumuG,fay;&ef?4) tvkyform;acgif;aqmif/ tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,ftm; tvkyfjzKwfjcif;rjyK&ef?5) ---------------------------------------------------------6) ---------------------------------------------------------

Tawmif;qdkcsufudk vufcH&+yD;aomtcsdefrSpI ukr%DrSawmif;qdkcsuf pOf;pm;vdkufavsmay;rnf@tr_aqmiftzJG@udk tjrefqkH;zJG@+yD; 3 &uftwGif; aqmif&Gufay;yg&ef?

rdwWLudkoufqdkif&m+rdK@e,ftvkyform;umuG,ftkyfcsKyfa&;&kH;ESif@ nGef=um;a&;r_K;csKyf xdkif;tvkyf

orm;0ef}uD;XmexHodk@ yl;wJGay;ydk@ygonf?

av;pm;pGmjzif@tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f

trnf ------------------ vufrSwf ------------------trnf ------------------ vufrSwf ------------------trnf ------------------ vufrSwf ------------------trnf ------------------ vufrSwf ------------------


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wu,fvdk@ tvkyf&Sifa[mif;u udk,feJ@tqifrajyjzpf+yD; (7) &uf twGif;rSm udk,fhemrnfpm&if;udk tvkyform;&Hk;rSm oGm;y,fzsufvdkuf&ifOya't& udk,f[mvufrSwftopf vkyfvdk@r&awmhbl;? 'gawG[m tvkyf&SifeJ@tvkyform;tay: csnfaESmifxm;wJh tvkyform;rSwfyHkwifjcif; pnf;urf;ygyJ? tJ'Dawmh tvkyf&Sifu rw&m;wJhta=umif; oGm;+yD;wdkifwef;awmhr,fqdk&ifudk,fhrSm&dSwJh pm&Gufpmwrf;taxmuftxm;awG,loGm;yg?

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bmrSr&d SwJ h e,fpyfrSmtvkyfvkyfwJ hvlqd k&ife,fjcm;jzwfausmfcGifhvufrSwf tJ'gawGudk ,loGm;yg? tckajymcJhwJh pm&Gufpmwrf;awG[m udk,fub,folvJqdkwmudk jyozdk@ygyJ?

2/ udk,f@tvkyf&Sifudk tr_zGifh wdkifwef;awmhr,fqdk&ifaocsmwmu tJ'DrSmqufaezdk@ tqifajycsifrSajyr,f? tJ'Dawmh aezdk@ae&m&Sm&r,f? udk,fpdwfcs&wJh todrdwfaqG 'grSr[kwfoli,f csif;qDrSm c%aecGifhawmif;yg? tr_&ifqdkifzdk@oGm;wJhtcgrSm tazmfvnf;&wmaygh? vl@tcGifhta&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; aqmif&GufulnDay;aewJhtzGJ@tpnf;awGeJ@ qufoG,fyg?

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tvkyform;tcGifhta&;udk pGJudkifwJhtcgrSm udk,f@zufutvkyform;tcGifhta&;udk pGJudkifwJhtcgrSm udk,f@zufutvkyform;tcGifhta&;udk pGJudkifwJhtcgrSm udk,f@zufutvkyform;tcGifhta&;udk pGJudkifwJhtcgrSm udk,f@zufutvkyform;tcGifhta&;udk pGJudkifwJhtcgrSm udk,f@zufu

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20



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pnf;vH k;nDnGwfr_ud k pwifzd k @twGuftaumif;qHk;ae&meJ@ tiftm;pkpnf;jcif; ta=umif;udk pdwf0if;pm;w,fqdk&if 'DpmtkyfxJupmrsufESm ( 27 ) rSmygwJh avbmtdwfufpfcsdef;csf(tvkyform;ES D;aESmzvS,fyG J) ta=umif;ud kzwf=unfhyg?

'ga=umifhrdk@ tvkyform;awG aoG;pnf;nDnGwfzdk@vdktyfygw,f? pnf;vHk;nDnGwfwJhtcgrSm udk,fh&J@pdrfac:r_awG &oifh&xdkufwJhtcGifhta&;awG tcuftcJawGudk atmifatmifjrifjrif &ifqdkifausmfv$m;Edkifr,fqdkwmudk taotcsmygyJ? pnf;vHk;jcif;onf tiftm; pnf;vHk;jcif;[m atmifjrifjcif;&J@tpjzpfw,fqdkwmudk ,Hk=unfr_tjynf@t0&dSzdk@vdktyfygw,f?

Oyrmajym&r,fqdk&if vGefcJ hwJhoHk;ESpfavmufup+yD; rJaqmuf{&d,meJ@/ csif;rdkifrSm&dSwJhtvkyform;awGpkpkaygif; ta,mufESpfaxmifausmfavmuf[m vkyfief;&SifawG&J@ acgif;yHkjzwfr_eJ@&oifh&xdkufwJh tcGifhta&;awGtwGuf tvkyform;w&m;&kH;rSm wdkifwef;awmif;qdkcJhw,f?

tJovdk tr_&ifqdkifwJhtcgrSm owfrSwfxm;wJhOya'abmifxJuae w&m;cGiftqihfqifhudk pdwf&Snf&SnfeJ@onf;cH+yD; rav#mhaomZGJ v@Hkv0D&d,eJ@&ifqdkifvmcJhwJhtwGuf vkyfief;&SifawGqDu &oifh&xdkufwJhavsmfa=u;aiG tm;vHk;aygif;bwfaiG&Spfoef;(800 0000)ausmf jyefvnf&&dScJh+yD; jzpfygw,f?

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'gawG[m udk,fb,fae&mrSm bmtvkyfyJvkyfvkyf udk,f@tay:rSm acgif;yHkjzwf tjrwf=uD;pm;/ vkyftm;cESdrf+yD; tEdkifusifhwmawGuaeuif;a0;vGwfajrmufzdk@eJ@ udk,fh&J@vlaer_b0 0ef;usifrSm pdwfat;csrfomvkyfudkifpm;aomuf+yD;b0wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufa=umif;awGudk wnfaqmufoGm;Edkifzdk@yJ jzpfygw,f?

rSwfcsuf

tvkyform;[m wpfa,mufwnf; &dSayr,fvnf; “tvkyform;umuG,fa&;¶kH;” (q0wD;uef ckrf@acgif;vdkif;ief;) udk ausmf+yD; udk,@fzmomudk,ftvkyform;w&m;&Hk; (qefvdkif;ief;) rSmwdkuf&dkufoGm;+yD; wdkif=um;Edkifygw,f? tvkyform;w&m;&Hk;[m tvkyf&SifeJ@ tvkyform;=um;rSm jzpfay:vmwJhjy\emawG rw&m;r_awGudk ajz&Sif;ay;zdk@twGuf wnfaxmifxm;wmjzpfw,f?

'gayr,f@ 'Dxdkif;Ed kifiHrSm tvkyform;w&m;&Hk;[m ae&mwdkif;rSm&dSraebl;? ajrmufydkif;a'orSmqdk&if ecGrf;q0rfeJ@ csif;rdkifrSmyJ&dSw,f?

21


pmrSufem 32 odk@


22


wm@ufc&kdif rJaqmuf+rdK@e,fwGifwm@ufc&kdif rJaqmuf+rdK@e,fwGifwm@ufc&kdif rJaqmuf+rdK@e,fwGifwm@ufc&kdif rJaqmuf+rdK@e,fwGifwm@ufc&kdif rJaqmuf+rdK@e,fwGif

Oya'udk &ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;Oya'udk &ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;Oya'udk &ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;Oya'udk &ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;Oya'udk &ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;

csif;rdkifc&kdifwGifcsif;rdkifc&kdifwGifcsif;rdkifc&kdifwGifcsif;rdkifc&kdifwGifcsif;rdkifc&kdifwGif

Oya'udk &ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;Oya'udk &ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;Oya'udk &ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;Oya'udk &ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;Oya'udk &ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;

ckESpf tvkyftudkif tvkyform;OD;a& jyefvnf&&Sdonf@ aiGrsm;

2004 puf&kHtvkyf&kHrS tvkyform;rsm; 51 82 2 323 100 bwfaqmufvkyfa&;/ 71 - 215 000 bwftdrfazmf 2 23 445 bwf

usm; r

2005 puf&kH tvkyf&kHrS vkyfom; 434 676 2 334 695.15 bwfpdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;/ 5 2 44 500 bwfaqmufvkyfa&;/ 44 - 138 000 bwftdrfazmf 3 8 11 000 bwf

2006 puf&kH tvkyf&kHrS tvkyform;/ 88 142 740 538 bwfaqmufvkyfa&; 16 - 58 900 bwf

aygif; 202 OD; 122 84 2 561 545 bwf

aygif; 1 172 OD; 486 686 2 528 195. 15 bwf

pkpkaygif; 1 624 OD; 712 912 5 889 178.15 bwf

ckESpf tvkyftudkif tvkuform;OD;a& jyefvnf&&Sdonf@ aiGrsm;

2006 aqmufvkyfa&;/ 6 4 42 653 bwftdrfazmf/ - 2 9 707. 65 bwfrawmfwqxdcdkufr_ - 2 136 126 bwf(,mOf/um;/qdkifu,f)

usm; r

pkpkaygif; 6 OD; 6 8 188 486. 65 bwf

rJaqmuf ESif@ csif;rdkifa'o tvkyform;rsm;. Oya'udk

&ifqdkifjcif;rS &v'frsm;

aygif; 246 OD; 104 142 799 438 bwf


23


csif;rdkifc&kdifwGif avmavmq,f Oya'udk &ifqdkifv#uf&Sdaomcsif;rdkifc&kdifwGif avmavmq,f Oya'udk &ifqdkifv#uf&Sdaomcsif;rdkifc&kdifwGif avmavmq,f Oya'udk &ifqdkifv#uf&Sdaomcsif;rdkifc&kdifwGif avmavmq,f Oya'udk &ifqdkifv#uf&Sdaomcsif;rdkifc&kdifwGif avmavmq,f Oya'udk &ifqdkifv#uf&Sdaom

tvkyform;pm&if;tvkyform;pm&if;tvkyform;pm&if;tvkyform;pm&if;tvkyform;pm&if;

ckESpf tvkyftudkif tvkyform;OD;a& &&ef&Sdaom/ awmif;qdkxm;aom aiGa=u;yrm%

usm; r

2006 aqmufvkyfa&;/ 7 6 41 342 bwftdrfazmf/ 1 1 33 290rawmfwqxdcdkufr_ - 2 65 550 bwf(,mOf/um;/qdkifu,f)

pkpkaygif; 17 OD; 8 9 140 182 bwf

txufyg pm&if;Z,m;rsm;onf 2004 ckESpfrSm 2006 ckESpftwGif;wGif rJaqmufESifh csif;rdkifa'o a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;rS ruf(yf)azmifa';&Sif;. vrf;nGefcsufudk &,lI rdrd&oifh&xdkufaom vkyftm;c epfema=u;rsm;udk w&m;Oya'twdkif; &ifqdkif+yD;jyefvnf&&dScJhaom aiGa=u;yrm%pm&if; jzpfygonf?

w&m;cGif&ifqdkifcJhaom tvkyform;OD;a&aygif; 1 655 OD;rS &oifh&xdkufaomaiG ( 6 217 846. 80) bwf av;oef;ausmfudk vkyfief;&SifxHrS jyefvnf&&dScJhjcif;jzpfygonf?

Phot

o By:

MAP

Fou

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24


avsmfa=u;qdkwm tvkyf&Sifu tvkyform;udk tjypfr&dSyJeJ@ rw&m;tvkyfðzwfvdkufwJhtcgrSm tvkyform;zufu &oifh&xdkufwJh epfema=u;yJjzpfygw,f? wu,fvdk@ tvkyf&Sifu tvkyfrðzwf&ygyJeJ@ tvkyform;uudk,fhzmudk,f tvkyfxGufwmrsKd;/ xGufajy;wmrsKd;/ aoqHk;oGm;wmrsKd;qdk,ifawmh avsmfa=u;awmif;cGifh r&dSygbl;?

tvkyform;&EdkifwJhavsmfa=u;aiGrSm &dk;&dk;avsmfa=u;eJ@ txl;avsmfa=u;qdk+yD; ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm;&dSygw,f?1/ &dk;&dk;avsmfa=u;

&dk;&dk;avsmfa=u;rSm tvkyform;&J@ tvkyfvkyfcJ hwJ h oufwrf;tay:rSmrlwnf+yD;awmhatmufygZ,m;uGuf twdkif; 5 rsKd; xyfcGJxm;ygw,f? 'DxJrSm tusHL;0ifzdk@twGuf tvkyform;[m tJ'DtvkyfrSm tenf;qHk; &ufaygif; 120 vkyfcJh&rSm jzpfygw,f?

rw&m; tvkyfjzKwfjcif;cH&aom

tvkyform;. tcGifhta&;rsm;

2? txl;avsmfa=u;

txl;avsmfa=u;rSm 3 rsKd; &Sdygw,f?1/ tvkyfxkwfr,fhta=umif; =udKwifajym

xm;wJhavsmfa=u;? }udKwifajymxm;,if tJ'Dtvkyform;[m wjcm;tvkyfopf&Smzdk@ tcsdef&dSr,f?

2/ tvkyf&Sifu taqmuftOD; ðyjyifajymif;vJvdk@ 'grSr[kwf vkyfief;ajymif;vJwJhtwGuftvkyf c%em;xm;wJhavsmfa=u;?

3/ tvkyf&Sifu wjcm;+rdK@e,f/ c&dkifawGqDajymif;oGm;wJhtcg tvkyform;u rvdkufcsifvdk@tvkyform;iSg;&rf;wJhpmcsKyf ysufoGm;wJh avsmfa=u;?

'Dtxl;avsmfa=u;eJ@ywfouf+yD; &&r,f@aiGuawmh 'DZ,m;uGuftwdkif;ygyJ ?

♦ tenf;qHk; &ufaygif; 120 (odk@r[kwf)♦ 4 vrS 1 ESpf rjynfhrDtxd &ufaygif; 30 &ufpm vkyftm;c

♦ 1 ESpfrS 3 ESpf rjynfhrDtxd &ufaygif; 90 &ufpm

♦ 3 ESpfrS 6 ESpf rjynfhrDtxd &ufaygif; 180 &ufpm

♦ 6 ESpfrS 10 ESpfrjynfhrDtxd &ufaygif; 240 &ufpm

♦ 10 ESpfausmf &ufaygif; 300 &ufpm

qufwdkuf tvkyfvkyfcJ@wJ@oufwrf; ae@wGufavsmfa=u;aiG

&dk;&dk;avsmfa=u;


25


tvkyfu ðzwfðzwfjcif; avsmfa=u;ay;&rSmjzpfw,f? wu,fvdk@ tvkyf&Sifu tvkyfðzwfðzwfjcif; avsmfa=u;ray;bl;qdk,if tvkyform;utwdk;aiG 15 μ awmif;Edkifw,f? r&bl;qdk&iftvkyform; taeeJ@ c%c%awmif;p&mrvdkygbl;? ray;,if tJ'Dtvkyf&SifrSm tvdkvdk &mZ0wf'%foifh+yD;om;jzpfw,f?

pm&dwWudk r}udKufvdk@/ 'grSr[kwf owfrSwfxm;wJhtvkyf iSg;&rf;a=umif; pmcsKyfoufwrf;jynfhoGm;wmrsKd;awG?

2/ tvkyform;u quf+yD; vkyfvdk@r&awmhbl;/ bma=umifhvJqdkawmh tvkyf&Sifutvkyform;udk quf+yD;riSg;Edkifawmhwm 'grSr[kwfpuf&Hk tvkyf&HkaygufuGJr_awG / a&v$rf;rdk;wmawG/rawmfwq ab;tE W&m,f=uHKawG@&wmawG tJ'DvdktajctaersKd;awGrSmqdk,if tvkyf&Sifu udk,fhudk tvkyfrjzKwfayr,f@/ tvdkvdkðywf+yD;om; jzpfoGm;w,f?

ta=umif;&if; ae@wGufavsmfa=u;aiG

♦ &ufaygif; (30)=udKwifrajymxm;yJeJ@tvkyfxkwfjcif; vkyftm;c 30 &ufpm

♦ tvkyfxkwfr,fqdkwmudk &ufaygif;(60)uwnf;u óuwifajymrxm;jcif;? vkyftm;c 60 &ufpm

♦ tvkyf&Sifajymif;oGm;wJhae&mudk tvkyform;urvdkufcsifvdk@ tvkyfðzwfjcif;? &dk;&dk;avsmfa=u;&J@ 50μ

♦ vkyfief;ðyjyifajymif;vJr_&dSvdk@ tvkyf&Sifutvkyfr&dSawmhbl;vdk@ ajymjcif;? wpfESpfudk 15 &ufpm

txl;avsmfa=u;

avsmfa=u;ay;csdef uef@owfcsuf?avsmfa=u;ay;csdef uef@owfcsuf?avsmfa=u;ay;csdef uef@owfcsuf?avsmfa=u;ay;csdef uef@owfcsuf?avsmfa=u;ay;csdef uef@owfcsuf?

tvkyfðzwfw,fqdkwm bmvJ?

1/ tvkyf&Sifu tvkyform;udkquf+yD; riSg;awm@wm/ vkyftm;cray;awmhwmrsKd; Oyrm tvkyform;udk vkyfief;cGifxJ r0ifEdkifatmif *dwfapmifhudk ajymxm;wm/ 'grSr[kwftvkyfqif;wJhpm&GufrSm vufrSwfxdk;vdk@r&awmhwmrsKd;awGyg? b,fvdkta=umif;jycsufeJ@yJ ðzwfðzwf Oyrm tvkyf&Sifu t&if;ðywfoGm;vdk@/ vkyfief; rvnfEdkifawmhvdk@/ tvkyform;&J@ tusifh

c|if;csuftaeeJ@ tvkyf&Sifu avsmf

a=u;ay;zdk@rvdkwJhtajctaeawGuawmh

1/ tvkyfvkyfwJhoufwrf; &ufaygif; 20rjynfhwm/ tvkyfvkyfcsdefenf;yg;wmrsKd;?

2/ tvkyform;iSg;&rf;cGifhpmcsKyf oufwrf;jynfhoGm;wJhtcg?


26


� vkyfief;tajctaeay:rlwnf+yD; iSg;&rf;wm? pmcsKyfxJrSm tvkyfp0ifwJh&ufeJ@ vkyfief;+yD;qHk;wJh&uf twdtusa&;xm;wmrsKd;?

� c%av;eJ@+yD;wJh ,m,Dvkyfief;rsKd;/ ykwfjywfiSg;jcif;?

� &moDtvdkuf iSg;+yD;vkyfwJhtvkyf?Oyrm 'Dtvkyfudk 2 ESpfeJ@ t+yD;vkyfr,f/ 2 ESpfausmfoGm;vdk@ tvkyfur+yD;ao;yJ udk,fhudk tvkyfjzKwfvdkufwmrsKd;?

wu,fvdk@tvkyf&Sifu tvkyfðzwfr,fqdk,if avsmfa=u;ay;&r,f? 'gayr,fh tvkyform;[m atmufazmfjyyg tcsuf 6 csufxJu wpfckckeJ@jidpGef;w,fqdk,if avsmfa=u;ay;p&mrvdkbl;?

2/ vkyfief;ysufpD;&m ysufpD;

a=umif; &nf&G,fjcif;?

Oyrm tvkyform;Oya'eJ@ rnDnGwfwm/ vkyfief;wm0efudk av;pm;vdkufemjcif;r&dSwm/ tvkyfem;wJhtcgtvkyf&Sifudk txJ0ifvdk@r&atmif ydwfxm;wmrsKd;?

1/ 'kp&dkufr_usL;vGefjcif;?

Oyrm ypPnf;OpPmcdk;0Sufwmwdk@ / vkyfief;udk tvGJoHk;pm;vkyfypfwmwdk@ / puULxkwfudk rD;&_d@cdkif;ayr,f@/ tvkyform;u oGm;a&mif;pm;ypfvdkufwmrsKd;/ tvkyftay: r&dk;rom;vkyfwmrsKd;?

3/ vkyfief;ayghavsmhjcif;?

tvkyf&Sif&J@vkyfief;udk xdcdkufatmif ayghayghqqvkyfwmrsKd;/ wrifoufouf xdcdkufatmifvkyfwmrsKd;?4/ vkyfief;cGifxJrSm owfrSwfxm;wJh

pnf;urf;azmufzsufjcif;?

jyif;xefwJhtajctae Oyrm vkyfief;cGifrSm zJ&dkufwm/ avmif;upm;wm/ t&ufaopmaomufpm;wm/ tvkyf&Sifudk tmcHwmrsKd;qdk,if}udKwifajymrxm;yJeJ@ tvkyf&Sifu tvkyfjzKwfypfEdkifw,f?

rjyif;xefwJhtajctae Oyrm ppfwk&if/usm;uGufupm;wmwdk@ tvkyf0ifaemufuswmwdk@qdk&if tvkyf&Sifu yxrt}udrf pma&;+yD;owday;&ygr,f?

5/ tvkyform;[m ta=umif;jycsufr&dSyJ/cGifhrwdkifyJ/ q&m0efqDu aq;axmufcHpm r&SdyJ3 &ufqufwdkuf tvkyfysufwmrsKd;?

6/ tvkyform;[m jypf'%foifh+yD; axmifusoGm;,if tvdkvdktvkyfjyKwfoGm;ygw,f?

1? tvkyf&Sifu wjcm;rSm tvkyfajymif;vkyfvdk@tvkyform;u vdkufroGm;,if avsmfa=u;awmif;vdk@& r&?2? tvkyform; qHk;yg;oGm;cJh,if tvkyf&SifqDuavsmfa=u; &rSmvm;?

ar;cGef;


27


tvkyform;awG@qkHaqG;aEG;yJG[Labor Exchange]

wdk@wawG[m wpfjynfwpf&Gm wpfae&mwpfÏmaeqDuae 'Dxdkif;EdkifiHrSmvm+yD;awmh tvkyfvkyfae=u&wJh a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;awG jzpfw,f?'DrSma&mufwkef; A[kokweJ@ tawG;tjrifawGtwlwloif,lzvS,f&atmif b,fae&mub,folawG pdwf0ifpm;=uovJ?

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ae@wdkif;vkyfudkifaewJh ae&muae tvSrf;a0;wJhwjcm;wpfae&mrSm oGm;a&mufawG@qHk=uwm jzpfwJhtwGuf tajymif;tvJvnf; jzpfapygw,f?

avbmtdwfufpfcsdef;csf (tvkyform;awG@qkHaqG;aEG;yGJ) &J@ &nf&G,fcsufuawmh w&m;r#wr_twGufeJ@ udk,fhb0xdcd kufr_udk umuG,fa&;twGuf aqG;aEG;=u&mrSm tvkyform;awG udk,fwdkif qHk;jzwfcsuf csydkifcGifh&dSzdk@eJ@ tcuftcJawGudkudk,fhtm;udk,fudk; &ifqdkifausmfv$m;oGm;Edkifzdk@yJjzpfygw,f?

'Dvdk vma&mufqHkqnf;=u&wJh tcGifhtcgaumif;rSm wpfae&mpDuaea&mufvmwJh tvkyform;awGtaeeJ@ udk,fhvkyfief;cGiftajctae/

tvkyform;awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk wdk@awGtvkyform;awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk wdk@awGtvkyform;awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk wdk@awGtvkyform;awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk wdk@awGtvkyform;awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk wdk@awG

twl 0dkif;vkyfEdkifrSmvm;twl 0dkif;vkyfEdkifrSmvm;twl 0dkif;vkyfEdkifrSmvm;twl 0dkif;vkyfEdkifrSmvm;twl 0dkif;vkyfEdkifrSmvm;

vkyfief;tawG@t}uHKtzHkzH kudk pm;p&mtwlpm;,if; aqG;aEG;zvS,f=ur,f?cgwd ki f;qd k ' Dvd kvm+yD; awG@qH k&if;E S D ;odu|rf;&zd k @ tcGif htvrf;odyf r&d SwJ hwdk@wawG@&J@ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yGJrSm vlrsKd;pktoD;oD;u a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;awGvnf;yg0ifr,f?

a'ocH tvkyform;awGvnf;yg0ifr,f? EdkifiHjcm;om; tvkyform;awGvnf; yg0ifvmEdkifw,f? ae&mtoD;oD;u tvkyform;rsKd;pHk&J@ tawG@t}uHKudkzvS,f=u,if;eJ@ wpfa,muftay: wpfa,mufav;pm;r_awG em;vnfr_awG &&dSvmrSm jzpfygw,f?Ph

oto

By:

MAP

Fou

ndation


28


tvkyform;wdkif;rSm wdrfjrSKyfaewJ@ynmeJ@t&nftcsif;awG pGrf;tifawGudk,fpD &dSaer,fqdkwmudk avbmtdwfufpfcsdef;csfu ,Hk=unfygw,f?wdk@wawGrSm b,folujzifh b,fol@xufydkawmfw,f qdkwm r&dSygbl;? wpfa,mufqDrSm wdkif;&if;aq;eJ@ywfoufwJh A[kokwawG&Sdw,f? wpfjcm;wpfa,mufqDrSm vlr_a&;zG@ H +zdK;a&;vkyfief;eJ@ywfoufwJh tawG@t}uHK&dSr,f? usaemf@qDrSmtpnf;ta0;yGJ/ aqG;aEG;yGJawGwufzl;wJh taw@Gt}uHK &dSw,f? usrrSm uav;ðypkysKd;axmifenf;eJ@ywfoufwJh tawG@t}uHK&dSw,f? ol@qDrSm wdkufyGJtawG@t}uHK&dSw,fpojzifh rwlnDwJhtawG@t}uHKeJ@ t&nftcsif;awG udk,fpD&dSae=urSmyg?

udk,f@tawG@t=uHKudk vpOfaqG;aEG;yGJrSmb,fvdkzvS,frvJ/ udk,fb,fzufrSm tm;omovJpojzifh udk,fhudk,fudk jyefvnfawG;awm qef;ppf,if;/ udk,f&nfaoG;,if;uae tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSefav;pm;r_awG ydkrdk&&dSvmrSmjzpfygw,f?

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29


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30


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31


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32


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34


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35


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38


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42


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43


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44


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45


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46


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♦ aemuf+yD; u|Ekfyfwkd@eJ@odu|rf;wJh a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm; tvkyfvkyfukdifaexkdif&m &yfuGufa'owkdif;rSmvJ vkyfief;cGiftE W&m,fuif;&Sif;r_ynmay;oifwef;awGukd pwifawmhrSmjzpfygw,f?

'ga=umifhrkd@vkd@ oif[m u|Ekfyfwkd@pDrHudef;xJukd pdwf0ifpm;+yD;awmh/ u|Ekfyfwkd@&kH;u xkwfvkyfwJhynmay;pmapmifawGukd avhvmcsifw,f qkd&if

47



48


u|Ekfyfwkd@pDrHudef;xJu 0efxrf;awGukd qufoG,fEkdifygw,f? ('grSr[kwf) oifh&J@a'orSm&SdwJh eD;pyf&m&kH;awGukd qufoG,far;jref;Ekdifygw,f? 'gayr,fhtckavmavmq,frSmawmh oifh&J@ab;uif;vkHðcHr_tcGifhta&;eJ@ oifh&J@vkyfief;cGifu ab;tE W&m,fawGukdom *&kpkdufpOf;pm;yg?

“vkyfief;cGifwkdif;[m tvkyform;rsm;twGuftE W&m,fuif;oifhw,f/ u|Ekfyfwkd@tm;vkH;vJtwlwuG 'Dtwkdif;vkyfaqmifoifhw,f”

vkyfief;eJ@ywfouf+yD; '%f&m&&Sdr_ ESif@vkyfief;eJ@ywfouf+yD; '%f&m&&Sdr_ ESif@vkyfief;eJ@ywfouf+yD; '%f&m&&Sdr_ ESif@vkyfief;eJ@ywfouf+yD; '%f&m&&Sdr_ ESif@vkyfief;eJ@ywfouf+yD; '%f&m&&Sdr_ ESif@

aoqkH;raoqkH;raoqkH;raoqkH;raoqkH;r _

xkdif;EkdifiHrSmqkd&if tvkyform;awG vkyfief;cGifrSmaoqkH;r_/ '%f&m&&Sdr_eJ@ywfouf+yD;awmhavsmfa=u;awG jyefay;qyfwJh Oaya'wpfckukd 1994ckESpfrSm xkwfjyefxm;ygw,f? tJ'DxJrSm tvkyform;awG b,fvkdcHpm;cGifh&SdovJqkdwm tm;vkH;yg0ifygw,f?

txufygOya'xJrSm b,ftcsufawGyg0ifovJqkd&if

vkyfief;&Sifwkdif;[m tpkd;&ÏmejzpfwJhtvkyform;rsm; &HykHaiG&kH;rSm ESpfpOftcGefay;aqmif&rSmjzpfygw,f? wu,fvkd@ ay;aqmifzkd@ ysufuGufcJh&if tvkyf&SifawGukd '%faiG&kdufr,f (okd@ ) tusOf;

csrSmjzpfygw,f? 'DaiGawGub,fukda&mufoGm;ovJ qkd&if vkyfief;cGifrSm tvkyform;awG aoqkH;wJhtcg/ '%f&m &oGm;wJhtcgrSm epfema=u;taeeJ@ tvkyform;awGukdjyefvnfay;qyfzkd@ygyJ? Oyrmtvkyform;&J@ aq;zk d;0g;cay;wJhtcgrSmyJjzpfjzpf/ emrusef;jzpfaewJhtcgrSm tvkyfrvkyfEkdifvkd@ okH;aqmif&r,fhol@&J@ ae@pOfvkyftm;c/ jyef+yD;aeaumi f ;vmatmi fv k d @tm;awGtifawG jznfhqnf;

Ekdifzkd@ jyefvnftokH;cs&r,fh tokH;p&dwfawGygyJ?wu,fvkd@tvkyform;[m vkyfief;cGifrSm aoqHk;oGm;w,fqkd&if ol@twGufpsmye vkyfaqmifay;zkd@/ol@ZeD;eJ@ om;r,m; aqGrsdK;om;&if;awGukd 'Dtvkyform;&HyHkaiGtoif;u epfema=u;tjzpf ay;aqmifrSmjzpfygw,f?

vkyfief;cGifawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u tvkyf&SifawGukd txufuazmfjyxm;wJh vkyfief;cGif ab;uif;vkHðcHa&;Oya'wkdif;ukd vkdufemaqmif&Gufzkd@Oya'xkwfjyefxm;ayr,fhvnf; trsm;pku rvkdufem=uao;ygbl;? wu,fqkd&if 'DOya'xJrSm wifjyxm;wmuawmh xkdif;EkdifiHrSm&SdwJh (xkdif;EkdifiHom;yJjzpfjzpf/ EkdifiHjcm;om;yJjzpfjzpf)

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49


tvkyform;tm;vkH; cHpm;cGifh&Sdw,fvkd@ xkwfjyefxm;ygw,f?

2? wu,fvkd @ tvkyform;wpfa,mufvkyfief;cGifrSmwpfckck jzpfoGm;w,fqkd&if jzpfjzpfjcif;csufjcif;aq;&kH (okd@ ) aq;cef;ukd ac:oGm;yg? +yD;rStultnD b,fvkd vkdtyfw,fqkdwm oufqkdif&mvkyfief;cGifykdif&Sif/ oufqkdifwJh tvkyform;tzGJ@tpnf; &kH;awG (okd@r[kwf) u|Ekfyfwkd@ruf(yf)&kH;ukdtultnDawmif;Ekdifygw,f?

usef;rma&; tmrcHu'fvkyfxm;wJh tvkyform;qkd&if bmrS ylp&mrvkdygbl;/ 'gayr,fh usef;rma&; tmrcHu'frvkyfxm;&wmyJjzpfjzpf/ r&Sdvkd@&Sd&ifvnf; aq;&k Huk doGm;a&mufukoEd ki fygw,f/a=umufzkd@rvkd ygbl;?

“atmifrav; 'DrSmpkdif;aemif@ukd "mwfvkdufaewm u,fygOD;[Jh/ ol@ukd tjrefru,f&ifaovdrf@r,f”

“tr tr aeOD;aeOD; / 'Dv#yfppfrdef;cvkwfukdt&ifydwf&rSm/ trtJvkdrvkyf&if tryg "mwfvkduf+yD; aovdrfhr,f”

3? wu,fvkd@ tvkyform;u vkyfief;cGifrSmcsufjcif; aoqkH;oGm;w,fqkd&ifvJ aq;&kHukdomykd@vkdufyg? aq;&kHtaeeJ@ bmjzpfoGm;w,fqkdwmrSwfom;xm;Ekdifovkd/ ppfaq;Ekdifw,f/ +yD;awmhykdifarm&% vkd@ac:wJh aoqHk;a=umif;rSwfwrf;pmxkwfay;vdrfhr,f? tJvkdrSwfwrf;pm&vm+yD;awmhrSom tavmif;ukdxkwf,lvm+yD; oð*F[fzkd@udpPawGpDpOfEkdifvdrfhr,f? aemuf+yD;awmh tvkyform;umuG,fa&;&kH;ukd vkyfief;cGifrSmaooGm;wJhta=umif; oGm;a&mufta=umif;=um;yg/ olwkd@taeeJ@vJ tcif;jzpfyGm;wJh vkyfief;cGifukd vma&mufppfaq;=unfh&Skoihfw,f?

1? wu,fvkd@ tvkyform;wpfa,muf[mvkyfief;cGifrSm '%f&m&ae&if (wpfckckjzpfae&if)okd@r[kwf aoqkH;oGm;w,fqkdcJh&if olwyg;ukdrulnDcifrSm ukd,fhukd,fukdvJ tE W&m,frjzpfatmif owdxm;&rSmjzpfw,f?

wu,fvkd@ tvkyform;wpfa,mufwu,fvkd@ tvkyform;wpfa,mufwu,fvkd@ tvkyform;wpfa,mufwu,fvkd@ tvkyform;wpfa,mufwu,fvkd@ tvkyform;wpfa,muf

vkyfief;cGifrSm '%f&m&cJ@&if (okd@r[kwf)vkyfief;cGifrSm '%f&m&cJ@&if (okd@r[kwf)vkyfief;cGifrSm '%f&m&cJ@&if (okd@r[kwf)vkyfief;cGifrSm '%f&m&cJ@&if (okd@r[kwf)vkyfief;cGifrSm '%f&m&cJ@&if (okd@r[kwf)

aoqkH;oGm;&if bmvkyfrvJaoqkH;oGm;&if bmvkyfrvJaoqkH;oGm;&if bmvkyfrvJaoqkH;oGm;&if bmvkyfrvJaoqkH;oGm;&if bmvkyfrvJ


50


&,lEkdifzkd@ u|Ekfyfwkd@ruf(yf)&kH;ukdyJjzpfjzpf/ wjcm;a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;&kH;awGukdyJjzpfjzpf tultnDawmif;cHEkdifygw,f?

wu,fvkd@tvkyf&Sifu avsmfa=u;aiGudpPukd ray;Ekdifbl;/ rpDpOfay;Ekdifbl;vkd@ ajymvmvkd@&Sd&ifu|Ekfyfwkd@taeeJ@vnf; 'DudpPukd wjcm;enf;vrf;awGeJ@ tqifajyatmif/ avsmfa=u;jyef&vmatmifvkyfaqmifEkdifygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm tepfemcH&wJhvl&J@rdom;pkeJ@ aqGrsdK;om;&if;awGuvnf; &Sd+yD;om; vkyfief;cGifab;uif;vkHðcHa&;eJ@ usef;rma&;Oya'awGeJ@ b,fvkdvkyfaqmifoifhw,fqkdwmjrifodvmrSm/ tokH;cswwfvmrSmjzpfygw,f?

6? aemufqkH;tcsufrSm ta&;}uD;qkH;uawmhoifh&J@vkyfief;cGifrSm a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;wpfOD;'%f&m&wmyJjzpfap/ toufqkH;&lH;wmyJjzpfjzpfu|Ekfyfwkd@vkd a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;a&;&m&kH;awGukdulnDyHhykd;aewJh&kH;awGukd owif;ay;ykd@yg?

wu,fvkd@ tvkyform; umuG,fa&;&kH;u vkyfief;cGifukdoGm;a&mufppfaq;wJh tcgrSmoifhtaeeJ@ tultnDvkdtyfw,fqkd&if oifh&J@vkyfief;&SifeJ@tvkyform;a&;&m&kH;awGukdvkdtyfwJhtultnD awmif;Ekdifygw,f?

4? wpfcgwpfav tvkyform; wpfa,mufa,mufvkyfief;cGifrSm '%f&m&/ wpfckckjzpfoGm;cJh&if (okd@ ) aoqkH;oGm;wJhtcgrSm avsmfa=u;aiGudpPawGukd csufjcif;oGm;+yD;rajymoifhbl;/ rwkdufwGef;rar;tyfygbl;? aocsmpOf;pm; pdwfxdef; xm;&rSmjzpf+yD;awmh ol@&J@rdom;pkawGtm;vkH;eJ@ oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGawGtm;vkH; pdwfat;oGm;wJhtcsdef=urSaqG;aEG;oifhygw,f?

aemufwpfrsdK; t"duxm; pOf;pm;&rSmuawmh avsmfa=u;jyef&r,fhudpPukd ukd,fh&J@ vkyfief;&SifqDu &zkd@ t"duxm;+yD; aphpyfaqG;aEG;yg?

'DudpPrsdK;rSm wpfcgwpfav tvGefvG,fulayr,fhvkd@ cufcufcJcJ&ifqkdif&wmawGvJ &Sdygw,f? 'ga=umifh 'DvkdrsdK;udpP&yfawGukd rvkyfcifrSmtvkyf&SifawGqDu avsmfa=u;rawmif;cifrSm oif[m t&ifqkH;eJ@taumif;qkH;enf;vrf;awG/rl0gawGukd a&G;cs,f&rSmjzpfygw,f?

5? wu,fvkd@oif[m oifh&J@vkyfief;&SifqDrSmavsmfa=u;awmif;cHzkd@ r&ifqkdif0Hhbl;qkd&if okd@r[kwftultnD vkdtyfw,fqkdcJh&if/ t=uHOm%fawG

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51


u|Ekfyfwkd@bufuvJ jzpfysufoGm;wJh jy\emawGukd rSwfwrf;wifxm;EkdifrSmjzpfygw,f?

u|Ekfyfwkd@taeeJ@vnf; tjzpftysufawGukd tvkyform;awGqDuwqifh tvkyform;awG vkyfae&wJhtvkyfawG[m tE W&m,frsm;wJhta=umif; oufqkdifwJhvlawGukd jyefvnfajymjyEkdifovkd/ wbufwvrf;uvnf; vkyfief;cGiftajctaeawG ab;tE W&m,fuif;a0;zkd@/ wkd;wufaumif;rGefvmzkd@ tultnDvkyfaqmifay;vmatmif }udK;pm;aeygw,f? �

xdkif;ouU&mZf 2544 ckESpfwGif jyÏmef;aomxdkif;ouU&mZf 2544 ckESpfwGif jyÏmef;aomxdkif;ouU&mZf 2544 ckESpfwGif jyÏmef;aomxdkif;ouU&mZf 2544 ckESpfwGif jyÏmef;aomxdkif;ouU&mZf 2544 ckESpfwGif jyÏmef;aom

&mZ0wfr_qdkif&m Oya't& &mZ0wfr_wGif&mZ0wfr_qdkif&m Oya't& &mZ0wfr_wGif&mZ0wfr_qdkif&m Oya't& &mZ0wfr_wGif&mZ0wfr_qdkif&m Oya't& &mZ0wfr_wGif&mZ0wfr_qdkif&m Oya't& &mZ0wfr_wGif

w&m;pGJjcif;cH&olESif h w&m;cHjzpfcJ h&olw&m;pGJjcif;cH&olESif h w&m;cHjzpfcJ h&olw&m;pGJjcif;cH&olESif h w&m;cHjzpfcJ h&olw&m;pGJjcif;cH&olESif h w&m;cHjzpfcJ h&olw&m;pGJjcif;cH&olESif h w&m;cHjzpfcJ h&ol

wdk@. epfema=u;aiG / avsmfa=u;aiGrsm;wdk@. epfema=u;aiG / avsmfa=u;aiGrsm;wdk@. epfema=u;aiG / avsmfa=u;aiGrsm;wdk@. epfema=u;aiG / avsmfa=u;aiGrsm;wdk@. epfema=u;aiG / avsmfa=u;aiGrsm;

jyefvnfawmif;cHjcif;jyefvnfawmif;cHjcif;jyefvnfawmif;cHjcif;jyefvnfawmif;cHjcif;jyefvnfawmif;cHjcif;

t=uifol[m tcef@roifhyJ wpfyg;ol&J@rw&m;apmfum;r_ Oyrm rk'drf;usifhcH&jcif;/ ypPnf;OpPmvk,uf,lcH&jcif;/ udk,f0efzsufcsr_ cH&jcif;/ouFmruif;jzpf+yD; pGyfpGJxdef;odrf;cH&jcif;/ tjypfr&dSyJeJ@ w&m;cHtjzpf wpfyg;ol&J@udpPrSm ta=umif;rJh"m;pm;cHjzpfcJh&jcif;/ tJovdkjzpf+yD;awmh udk,fpdwfESpfyg; xdcdkuf'%f&m&wmwdk@/ 'grSr[kwf qHk;yg;oGm;&wmrsKd;/ tdkrif;rpGrf;jzpfolawG/ wG,f&mrJhpGef@ypfz,f=uOfjcif; cH&olawGrSm txufazmfjyygOya'jyÏmef;csuft& avsmfa=u;aiG/ epfema=u;aiGawG jyefvnfav#mufxm; awmif;qdkcGifh&dSygw,f?

tJovdk awmif;qdkwJhtcgrSm yxrqHk;taeeJ@ tr_oGm;tr_vmyHkk tqifhqifhudk em;vnfatmif vkyf+yD;awmh atmufygtwdkif; pdwf&Snf&Snfxm;+yD;aqmif&GufoGm;zdk@ vdkygw,f?

1? tr_tcif; jzpfwJhae&meJ@ teD;qHk; &Jpcef;rSmoGm;+yD; tr_zGifhyg?

2? '%f&m'%fcsufawG ppfaq;ukozdk@ aq;&HkoGm;yg? aoqHk;cJ@&if qHk;yg;a=umif;axmufcHpm (Adkifarm&%) awmif;,lyg?

3? tr_eJ@ywfoufwJh pm&Gufpmwrf;awGpkpnf;xm;yg?

4? tr_jzpfwJhae@up+yD;awmh wpfESpftwGif;rSm epfema=u;eJ@avsmfa=u;awG jyef+yD;av#mufxm;yg?

&mZ0wfr_wGif w&m;pJGjcif;cH&olESif@ w&m;cHjzpfcJ@&olwdk@.

epfema=u;/ avsmfa=u;rsm; jyefvnfawmif;cHjcif;

taxGaxGudpP&yfrsm;?

1? aq;ukoc trSefwu,fukefusp&dwfbwfaiG 30000(oHk;aomif;)xufrydk?

2? udk,fpdwfESpfyg; xdcdkuf'%f&m&r_twGufjyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;rSm trSefwu,fukefusp&dwf bwfaiG 20000 (ESpfaomif;)xufrydk?

epfemoltwGuf tulaiGrsm;&ydkifcGifhepfemoltwGuf tulaiGrsm;&ydkifcGifhepfemoltwGuf tulaiGrsm;&ydkifcGifhepfemoltwGuf tulaiGrsm;&ydkifcGifhepfemoltwGuf tulaiGrsm;&ydkifcGifh


52


3? tr_tcif;a=umifh tvkyfysuftudkifysuf/tvkyfrvkyfEdkifyJ 0ifaiGrJhcJh,if rdrde*dk0ifaiGtay:rlwnfI vkyftm;c avsmfa=u;wpfae@ bwf 200 (ESpf&m) / wpfESpfudk bwf60000 (ajcmufaomif;)xufrydk& ?

4? taxGaxGudpP&yftwGuf tr_aqmiftzGJ@&J@qHk;jzwfcsuft& bwfaiG 30000 (oHk;aomif;) xufrydkwJhaiGrsm;udk awmif;qdk&,lydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f ?

awG jyef+yD; av#mufxm;awmif;,lEdkifygw,f?

1? w&m;&Hk;0efxrf;qD oGm;a&mufqufoG,f+yD;awmh w&m;ol}uD;u zwf=um;vdkufwJh tr_pD&ifcsufpmudk rdwWLul;,lcGif@awmif;yg? rdwWLpm&Guftwdkif;rSm rdwWLrSefuefa=umif;axmufcHwJh wHqdyf&dkufay;zdk@ajymyg? t'D0efxrf;qDrSm awmif;,l&r,f@[mawGuawmh

� w&m;&Hk;tqifhqifhu pD&ifcsufcscJhwJh/(w&m;ol}uD; zwfcJhwJh) trdef@pm? (rdwWL)

� w&m;cHudk csKyfaESmifjcif;eJ@ v$wfay;jcif;trdef@pm (rdwWL)

� a&S@aeeJ@ywfoufwJh tcsuftvuf(rdwWL)

� A[dkw&m;&Hk;csKyf (tjrifhqHk;w&m;cGif) &J@tr_rS uGif;vHk;u|wfa=umif;axmufcHpm

2? udk,fhzmomudk,f a&S@aeiSg;&&if a&S@aeiSg;&rf;a=umif; pmcsKyf ?

3? udk,fhtr_eJ@ywfoufwJh pm&Gufpmwrf;tm;vHk;?

4? epfema=u;eJ@ avsmfa=u;aiG awmif;cHa=umif; av#mufv$m? w&m;&Hk;uae tr_uif;vGwfa=umif; trdef@csrSwfvdkufwJhae@up+yD;awmh wpfESpftwGif;rSm awmif;cHEdkifygw,f?

1? aoqHk;oGm;oltwGuf epfema=u;aiGtenf;qHk; bwf 30000(oHk;aomif;)uae100000 (wpfodef;) txd?

2? tokbp&dwf bwf 20000 (ESpfaomif;)?

3? usef&pfolrdom;pktwGuf u&k%ma=u;bwf 30000 (oHk;aomif;) xufrydk&?

4? taxGaxGudpP&yfawGtwGuf tr_aqmiftzGJ@&J@ qHk;jzwfcsuftay:rlwnf+yD; bwf30000 (oHk;aomif;) xufrydkwJh aiGawGudkawmif;qkd&,lydkifcGifh &dSygw,f?

pGJcsufwifjcif;cH&ol/ w&m;cHjzpfcJh&ol[m csKyfaESmifxdef;odrf;cH&ayr,fhvnf; trSefwu,frusL;vGefwJh oufaotaxmuftxm;awG cdkifcdkifvHkvHkjyEdkifw,fqdk,if w&m;cGiftqifhqifhrSmjyef+yD;awmh av#mufxm;&ifqdkifEdkifygw,f? tjrifhqHk;qifhw&m;cGif (A[dkw&m;&Hk;csKyf)u tjypfr&dSa=umif;eJ@ tr_udk uGif;vHk;u|wfv$wfvdkufw,f qdk,if cHcJh&wJhudpPtwGuf epfema=u;avsmfa=u;aiG

aoqHk;oGm;wJh tr_rsKd;rSmaoqHk;oGm;wJh tr_rsKd;rSmaoqHk;oGm;wJh tr_rsKd;rSmaoqHk;oGm;wJh tr_rsKd;rSmaoqHk;oGm;wJh tr_rsKd;rSm


53


4? taxGaxGudpP&yfawGtwGuf tr_aqmiftzGJ@&J@ qHk;jzwfcsufay:rlwnf+yD; bwf30000 (oHk;aomif;) xufrydkwJh aiGawGudkjyefvnfawmif;qdk &,lydkifcGifh&dSygw,f?

taxGaxGudpP&yfrsm;

1? w&m;cHjzpf&wJhtwGuf rusef;rrmjzpfr_rSmaq;ukoc trSefwu,f ukefusp&dwfbwf 30000 oHk;aomif;xufrydk?

2? w&m;cHjzpf&wJhtwGuf udk,fpdwfESpfyg;xdcdkuf'%f&m&r_rSm jyef+yD;xlaxmifEdkifzdk@trSefwu,f ukefusp&dwf bwf 50000(ig;aomif;) xufrydk?

3? w&m;cHjzpf&wJhae@uaep+yD;awmh tvkyftudkifysuf/ 0ifaiGrJhcJh,if udk,fh&J e*dk0ifaiGay:rSmrlwnf+yD; vkyftm;cavsmfa=u;wpfae@udk bwf 200 uae wpfESpfudkbwf 60000 (ajcmufaomif;) xufrydk?

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trSw f 3/ atmu fw dkbm 2006// No. 3 October · PDF filetrSw f 3/ atmu fw dkbm 2006// No. 3 October 2006 Labor Right IA Burmese.pmd 1 12/10/2006, 13:16