owif;pOf - ibiblio · -okwf/ 2004 ckESpf owif;pOf T h e L i g h t n i n g N e w s l e t t e r trSwf (54) c&pfESpf 2004 ckESpf/ =okwfv?

-o*kwf/ 2004 ckESpf

owif;pOf owif;pOfT h e L i g h t n i n g N e w s l e t t e r

trSwf (54) c&pfESpf 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv? · · · · jrefrmouU&mZf 1366 ckESpf ( 15-1-99 )&ufae@wGif pwifwnfaxmifonf

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trSwf (54)ááááowif;pOf (2)

jre frmEd ki fi H vGwfvy fon fhowif;at*si fp Dr S x kwfa0o nfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvy fon fhowif;at*si fp Dr S x kwfa0o nfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvy fon fhowif;at*si fp Dr S x kwfa0o nfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvy fon fhowif;at*si fp Dr S x kwfa0o nf -o*kwf/ 2004 ckESpf

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- jynfyrSmae=u&if pm;0wfaea&;vHk;yrf;&w,f? EdkifiHa&;vkyf&if wckckudkrSDcd k&w,f? EdkifiHa&;tawG;tac:udkjynfytpdk;&awG/ EdkifiHa&;orm;awGutrsKd;rsKd;=oZmay; cH&wwfygw,f?tJ'DvdkeJ@ wcsKd@u &ef§ig pnf;jywfwmudktjypf&Smcsifvmw,f? &efolqdkwmAuy&J@a0g[m&vdk@ ajymcsifvmw,f? e0w§etzu xkwfor#pmtkyfwdkif;rSm xnfhcdkif;aewJh‘jynfol@oabmxm;’ ‘bHk&efol’qdkwmudkawmh tjypfr&Sm=uygbl;? etzuudk,fhudk &efolvdk@ac:&if udk,fuol@udk &efolvdk@ jyefac:p&myJ &Sdygw,f? wjcm; a0g[m& usaemfwdk@awmh&Smr&yg?

-“orthodox rjzpfeJ@ Adkvfcif!Gef@u moderate yJ” qdkwJh tawG;tac:vnf; =um;&ygw,f? vufrcHyg? ‘Zmenfajz&Sif;enf;’udkvnf; oabmrwlyg?tawG;tac:t&omvufrcHwm oabmrwlwmyg? wa,mufa,mufu vkyf=unfhcsifoyqdk&if wul;wu uef@uGufaerSmr[kwfyg?

- lobby ‘ajz&Sif;enf;’ udk Auyu wckwnf;aom vkyfp&mvdk@ r,lqyg?vkyf=unfhwmudk ruef@uGufyg? odk@aomftawG;tac:trSm;eJ@ xifa,mifrSm;r_wckjzpfay:vmap&if tawG;tac:t&&Sif;jywm vkyfygr,f? Auy udk tawG;tac:a&;t& xdk;ESufwdkufcdkufvm&ifawmh wHk@jyefrSmyg?

ck\_yfrS aemif&Sif; ajymyg&ap?- Auy u jynfwGif;jy±em

jynfwGif;rSm&Sif;=uzdk@ ajymaewm[mw\kwftpdk;&aemufa,mifcHvdkuf+yD; ajymaewm r[kwfygbl;? jynfwGif;ppfwdkufaeuwnf;u ajymwmyg? jyifyu ygvm&iftxrf;xuf tqGJav;wwfvdk@yg? Armjynfjy±emu aysmufoGm;+yD; olwdk@jy±emu xdyfwufvmum rdrdwdk@u‘a0avavorm;’awG jzpfoGm;wwfvdk@yg? Armjynf&J@ ordkif;tawG@tóuHudk=unfh+yD; pdk;&drfwmyg?

- pifòydiftrsKd;om;nDvmcH jynfyrSmac:a&;wdk@ 1990 v$wfawmfudk,fhbmomjynfyrSmac:a&;wdk@ =um;ae&ygw,f?'D}uHqcsufawGudk oabmrwlygbl;? jynfwGif;u NLD/CRPP udk pifòydifvkyfovdkawmif jzpfoGm;rSm pdk;ygw,f? (*ENDcef;rpnf;a0;pOfu udk,fhbmom v$wfawmfac:&if jzpfEdkifygw,f? tck rjzpfEdkifao;yg)-tar&duefa&muf ppfAdkvf}uD;awG&J@aqGrsKd;om;csif;wlom; aemifr,fawGudks a n c t i o n

wHjymeJ@v d k u f\ d ku fa ew mu d kvn f ;

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aemufqHk;taeeJ@ csKyf+yD;wifjyvdkwmu EdkifiHa&;tawG;tac:udpPrSm'Drdkua&pD&Sdzdk@ vdkygw,f? wyfaygif;pkzGJ@xm;+yD; ukd,fhoabmeJ@ udk,fvkyfae&if

tJ'Dwyfaygif;pk[m emrnfcHyJ jzpfygvdrfhr,f? 'Drdkua&pDA[dkcsKyfudkifr_ usifhoHk;w,fqdk+yD; xkwfypfae&ifvnf; xkwfvdk@qHk;rSmr[kwfyg? 'ga=umifh ‘'Drdk 2006’udk wyfaygif;pkvdk rzGJ@ygbl;?

(8888) rsKd;quf[m ordkif;wm0efudk ycHk;ajymif;xrf;aqmif=ur,fh 21rsKd;qufeJ@ rsKd;qufcsif;qufaeygw,f?wwd,EdkifiHxGuf=ur,fh &Jabmfrsm;odk@OD;wnfcsufxm;um Auy u wifjyjcif;jzpfygw,f?

ar;? ? ar;? ? ar;? ? ar;? ? 'Drdk ‘2006’bma=umifhatmifjrifEdkifygovJ?

ajz? ? ajz? ? ajz? ? ajz? ? 1? bma=umifh ‘'Drdk2006’atmifjrif EdkifovJqdkwJh t"duar;cGef;udkajzygr,f? a&S@ydkif;u&Sif;csufu óuHóudufvdk@ rdk;óud;tar;tajzrSm xnfhay;vdkufwmyg? bmha=umifhzGJ@ovJ/ b,fvdkzGJ@ovJqdkwmodrS bma=umifhatmifjrifEdkifovJqdkwm &Sif;vdk@&rSmyg?

twdkqHk;ajz&if vkyfr,fholrsm;w,f?vkyfwJhenf;vnf; &Sdw,f? jynfwGif;jynfy tajctaeuvnf; aumif;aevdk@yJ? tawG;tac: \_yfaxG;r_ r&Sdzdk@yJvdkygw,f?

(8888)wkef;uawmif ratmifjrifwm tckb,fvdka=umifh atmifjrif

EdkifyghrvJvdk@ apm'u wufcsifolawG&SdrSef;odygw,f? Auy enf;u or-

thodox enf;yJvdk@ ajymaeolawG &SdrSef;odygw,f?

olwdk@udk OD;wnf+yD;ajzyghr,f?

( 8888)wkef;u tawG;tac: acgif;aqmifr_ tvGefrsm;cJhyg

w,f? \_yfaxG;r_vnf;&Sdygw,f? tcktcsdeftxd tjiif;tcHk rpJao;ygbl;? (tifwmeuf pmrsufESmawGay:rSm =unfhyg)

Adkvfcif!Gef@&J@ owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJu tawG;tac: \_yfaxG;r_udk0if+yD;toHk;csoGm;wmyg? vrf;ray:rSmausmif;om;a&S@aqmifwJhvlxku ‘wdk@ta&;’ aºu;a=umfaecsdefrSm Adkvfatmif}uD;tdrfay:rSmOD;Ektdrfay:rSmeJ@ wjcm;tdrfawGay:rSm“tm%mcGJa0yGJ”usif;yaeygw,f? vrf;ay:uvlxkudk a&S@aqmifaeol ausmif;om;awGu atmifpkwif }uD; 5 }uD;ta0nD=uzdk@ ajymqdkawmif;yefae=u&w,f? aemufqHk; - e0w u tm%modrf; awmxJxGufvm&awmhvnf;ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwcsKd@rSm ‘wdk@uEdkifiHa&; rvkyfbl;? e0w ðywfatmifwdkufay;r,f? tm%ma0pkawmh ygwDawGcGJa0,l=u’ qdkwJh pdwful;,Ofr_ ygvmao;w,f? 'Dpdwful;,Ofr_u 16 ESpf&Sdayr,fh

wcsKd@rSm aysmufao;[efrwlbl;? ‘Zmenfajz&Sif;enf;’ u tJ'D oabmygaew,f?tHcGatmifpm;aeus MI u ‘MI EdkifiHa&;’vkyfv$wfvdkufwm awG@&w,f? ‘EdkifiHa&;rsKd;qufa[mif;awGeJ@ ppftkyfpkrsKd;qufa[mif;awG ygwDEd kifi Ha&;vkyf=uvdk@(ae0if;udk emrnfazmf rajymbl;? OuUÏAdkvfatmifa&$udk emrnf azmfajymw,f)jynfwGif;ppfjzpfwmyJ? 'ga=umifh etzu olwdk@eJ@ tqufjzwfvdkuf+yD? tckqdk&ifatmifjrifr_awG róuHpzl;&ae+yD - cifAsm;wdk@vnf; tm%ma0pkcGJ&if; &efjzpfaewJhrsKd;qufa[mif; EdkifiHa&;orm;awGeJ@vrf;cGJvdkufyg’qdk+yD; ajymv$wfvdkufw,fvdk@=um;&w,f? t+rD;jywfajracG;yHkjyifudkowd&p&myJ?

tawG;tac:r\_yf=u&if atmifjrifrSmyg? tckumvu ppfat;acwf r[kwfbl;? jynfwGif;ppfwdkufaecsdef r[kwfbl;?RAM atmifjrifEdkifygw,f? tawG@tñuHt& ajym&&if zufqpfADZygwJh BIA -BDA udk PBF jzpfatmif ðyjyif,lwmrSm1944 usrS ydkjrefvmwm jzpfw,f? apmapmuawmh Auy&J@ zufqpfqef@usifa&;vrf;pOfudk vufrcH=uygbl;? 1944ESpfqef;usrS ppf&J@csdefcGifv#m ajymif;ae+yDqdkwm ppfAdkvfawG odvmvdk@ vufcHwmyJ? tckvnf; urBm}uD;&J@ wdrf;!Gwfr_udkppfAdkvfawGodatmif vkyf&ygr,f? 1990a&G;aumufyGJudk jynfzHk;um; cscsifwJhtawG;tac:udk qef@usif&ygr,f?

aq;\dk;onfu uef@vef@uef@vef@vkyfwJh tawG;tac:udk qef@usif&ygr,f?tm%mjy±em pum;ajym&rSmu NLD/

CRPP yg? Auy r[kwfygbl;? wjcm;b,fygwDrS r[kwfygbl;? jynfya&mufaeolawG ydk+yD;r[kwfEdkifygbl;? 'gygyJ?

ar; ? ?ar; ? ?ar; ? ?ar; ? ? rkd;óud;uwqifh jynfolvlxkudk tjcm;bmrsm;ajymcsifygovJ?

‘Auy’u jynfolvlxkomru‘Auy’u jynfolvlxkomru‘Auy’u jynfolvlxkomru‘Auy’u jynfolvlxkomruwyfrawmfudkyg ta&;w}uD; wifjywyfrawmfudkyg ta&;w}uD; wifjywyfrawmfudkyg ta&;w}uD; wifjywyfrawmfudkyg ta&;w}uD; wifjycsifwm wck&S dygw,f? tm%mv$Jcsifwm wck&S dygw,f? tm%mv$Jcsifwm wck&S dygw,f? tm%mv$Jcsifwm wck&S dygw,f? tm%mv$Jajymif;a&;twGuf tm%mydkifawGeJ@ajymif;a&;twGuf tm%mydkifawGeJ@ajymif;a&;twGuf tm%mydkifawGeJ@ajymif;a&;twGuf tm%mydkifawGeJ@aqG;aEG;cGifh&Sdol uaqG;aEG;cGifh&Sdol uaqG;aEG;cGifh&Sdol uaqG;aEG;cGifh&Sdol u NLD/CRPP omomomomjzpfygw,f? tjcm; rnfolr# tpm;jzpfygw,f? tjcm; rnfolr# tpm;jzpfygw,f? tjcm; rnfolr# tpm;jzpfygw,f? tjcm; rnfolr# tpm;xdk;ae&m,lcGifh r&Sdyg?xdk;ae&m,lcGifh r&Sdyg?xdk;ae&m,lcGifh r&Sdyg?xdk;ae&m,lcGifh r&Sdyg?

tm%mydkifbufu aqG;aEG;olutm%mydkifbufu aqG;aEG;olutm%mydkifbufu aqG;aEG;olutm%mydkifbufu aqG;aEG;oluawmh tajymif;tvJ &SdEdki fygw,f?awmh tajymif;tvJ &SdEdki fygw,f?awmh tajymif;tvJ &SdEdki fygw,f?awmh tajymif;tvJ &SdEdki fygw,f?etzu aqG;aEG;Edkifovdk wyfrawmfetzu aqG;aEG;Edkifovdk wyfrawmfetzu aqG;aEG;Edkifovdk wyfrawmfetzu aqG;aEG;Edkifovdk wyfrawmfudk udk,fpm;ðywJh tajrmftjrif&Sd ppfudk udk,fpm;ðywJh tajrmftjrif&Sd ppfudk udk,fpm;ðywJh tajrmftjrif&Sd ppfudk udk,fpm;ðywJh tajrmftjrif&Sd ppftm%mydkifrsm;uvnf; aqG;aEG;Edkiftm%mydkifrsm;uvnf; aqG;aEG;Edkiftm%mydkifrsm;uvnf; aqG;aEG;Edkiftm%mydkifrsm;uvnf; aqG;aEG;Edkifygw,f?ygw,f?ygw,f?ygw,f?

awG@qHkaqG;aEG;+y D; tm%mv$JawG@qHkaqG;aEG;+y D; tm%mv$JawG@qHkaqG;aEG;+y D; tm%mv$JawG@qHkaqG;aEG;+y D; tm%mv$Jajymif;wJhenf;omv#if wdkif;jynftajymif;wJhenf;omv#if wdkif;jynftajymif;wJhenf;omv#if wdkif;jynftajymif;wJhenf;omv#if wdkif;jynftwGuf temtusiftenf;qHk;enf;jzpfwGuf temtusiftenf;qHk;enf;jzpfwGuf temtusiftenf;qHk;enf;jzpfwGuf temtusiftenf;qHk;enf;jzpfvdk@ tJ'Denf;jzpfajrmufzdk@‘'Drdk 2006’vdk@ tJ'Denf;jzpfajrmufzdk@‘'Drdk 2006’vdk@ tJ'Denf;jzpfajrmufzdk@‘'Drdk 2006’vdk@ tJ'Denf;jzpfajrmufzdk@‘'Drdk 2006’ajratmuf tvkyftzGJ@u óud;pm;aeajratmuf tvkyftzGJ@u óud;pm;aeajratmuf tvkyftzGJ@u óud;pm;aeajratmuf tvkyftzGJ@u óud;pm;aewm jzpfygw,f? Ðwm jzpfygw,f? Ðwm jzpfygw,f? Ðwm jzpfygw,f? Ð

'Drdk 2006 ESifh ywfoufI ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD ajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdol &Jabmfatmifxuf ESifhrdk;óu;owif;pOf awG@qHkar;jref;jcif;



+yD;cJhonhftywfu ðyvkyfcJhonhf qENcH,lyJGY &&SdcJhonfh ‚.atmifyJGtm; todtrSwfðy&ef twkduftcHrsm;u jiif;qkdaeaomfjim;vnf; ‚tac:qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf awmfvSefa&;ukd a&S@wdk;aqmif&Guf&ef AifeDZJGvm; orw [l*kdcsmAufZfuoHEMdXmefcsrSwfcJhonf? ‚tm;&mxl;rSz,f&Sm;&ef usif;yðyvkyfonfh qENcH,lyJGwGifcsmAufZfonf rJtm;vkH;. (59)&mcdkifE_ef; &&SdcJhonf? qif;&Jom; trsm;pktm;ukd,fpm;ðyonhf orw csmAufZfESihf twkduftcHrsm;t=um; oabmxm;uJGvJGr_rsm;qufvuf&Sdaeonf? ¡atyD¢¡atyD¢¡atyD¢¡atyD¢

uGef*kd+idrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;r_tzJG@tm; tiftm;xyfrHjznhfpGuf&eftwGuf aemufxyfppfonf (13˜000)apv$wfay;&ef ukvor*~u tar&duefokd@ yef=um;vkdufonf? vuf&SdY uGef*kdwGif +idrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;r_wyfzJG@ tiftm; (10˜800)&Sd+yD;tiftm;(23˜900)okd@ wkd;jr‡ifhcsxm;&ef twGif;a&;rª;csKyf ukdzDtmeefu axmufcHvkdufonf? uGef*kd jynfwGif;ppfonf (5)ESpf ausmf=um+yDjzpf+yD; vlaygif;(3)oef;ausmfaoqkH;cJhonf? trsm;pkrSm a&m*gb, rsm; jzpfyGm;aeum iwfrGwfae=uonf?xkda'ookd@ +idrf;csrf;a&;xdef;odrf;r_ wyfzJG@rsm;xyfrHapv$wf&ef ukvor*~vkHòcHa&;aumifpD tzJG@0if(15)EkdifiHwGiftrsm;pku oabmwl=uonf? uGef*kdrpf&SiftzJG@onfTESpfwGif a':vmoef;aygif; (746)oef; ukefusrnfjzpf+yD; 0g&Sifwefu ukefusr_.av;ykHwykHom ay;onf? ¡attufzfyD¢¡attufzfyD¢¡attufzfyD¢¡attufzfyD¢

uGef*kdokd@aemufxyfppfulv$wfa&;

2003 ckESpfwGiftar&duefY qif;&Jom;OD;a& (1³3)oef;xd wkd;yGm;vm+yD;tmrcHrxm;ol tqifhOD;a&rSm (1³4)oef;xdrsm;vma=umif; oef;acgifpm&if;Xmeu(25)&ufae@u tpD&ifcHonf? 2003 ckESpfwGif tar&duef (35³8)oef;onfqif;&Jr_tqifh owfrSwfr_atmufYaexkdifae+yD; ‚rSmvlOD;a&. (12³5) &Sdum2002 ckESpfwGif(34³5)oef; (okd@r[kwf) vlOD;a&. (12³1)&Sd&mrS wufvmjcif;jzpfonf? vGefcJhonfESpfu (18)ESpfatmuf uav;OD;a&. (17³6) (okd@r[kwf)(12³9)oef;rSm qif;&Jr_tqifhatmufY aexkdifae=u&+yD; 2002 ckESpfY qif;&Jonfhuav;OD;a& pkpkaygif; (16³7) ESifhE_dif;pmv#if vlOD;a& (800˜000) wkd;yGm;vmjcif;jzpfonf? ¡atyD¢¡atyD¢¡atyD¢¡atyD¢

tar&duefqif;&Jom;OD;a&wkd;

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tef*sDtkdrsm;tm;xdef;csKyf&efZifbmabG. ajcvSrf;

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2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwf (30)&ufaeŒtxd usqHk;oGm;aom tar&duefESifh !GefŒaygif;wyfzGJŒrsm;rS twnfðy+yD;ppfom;OD;a&rSm pkpkaygif; (1˜106)OD; &SdoGm;+yDjzpf+yD;‚wdkŒrSm tar&duefppfom;(975)OD;/ +Adwdo#ppfom;(65)OD;/ tDwvDppfom;(19)OD;/pydefppfom;(11)OD;/ bla*;&D;,m;ppfom;(6)OD;/ ,lu&def;ppfom;(8)OD;/ ydkvefppfom;(10)OD;/ qvdkAufppfom;(3)OD;/ xdkif;ppfom;(2)OD;/ 'wfcsfppfom;(2)OD;'def;rwfppfom;(1)OD;/ tufpfwdk;eD;,m;ppfom;(1)OD;/ [efa*&Dppfom;(1)OD;/ vwfAD;,ef;ppfom;(1)OD;/ qmaA;'dk;ppfom;(1)OD;wdk@ jzpf=uonf? yifw*Gef owif;Ïmet&ppfyGJtwGif; '%f&m&&Sdaom tar&duefppfom;OD;a&rSm(6˜690)OD; &Sd+yD;jzpfonf?¡pDtJe ftJef¢¡pDtJe ftJef¢¡pDtJe ftJef¢¡pDtJe ftJef¢

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=o*kwf(25)? ¡atyD¢=o*kwf(25)? ¡atyD¢=o*kwf(25)? ¡atyD¢=o*kwf(25)? ¡atyD¢tmz&du v,form;axmifaygif;

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okd@aomf TowfrSwf&uftm; ql'efu OayuQmðyum tmz&duor*~. +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yJGrSwqifh Ttusyftwnf;tm;ajz&Sif;rnf[k cgwGrf. t"duaqG;aEG;n‡dE_dif;olu ajym=um;cJhonf? ql'efEkdifiHonf a'ownf+idrfr_r&Sdygu pD;yGm;a&;ESihf oHwrefa&; ydwfqkd@ta&;,lr_ESihf&ifqkdif&zG,f&Sdonf? ql'eftpkd;&onf*sef*sm0d'f[kac:onfh tm&yfjynfol@ppfrsm;tm;xdef;csKyfIr&a=umif; ukvor*~t&m&Sd umvkdrkd u vkHòcHa&;aumifpDokd@ajymcJhonf? *sef*sm0d'frsm;. wkdufckdufr_rSvGwfajrmuf&ef ‚wkd@.&Gmrsm;rS xGufajy;vmol odef;aygif;rsm;pGmtwGuf ckdv_H&mae&mrsm; owfrSwfay;&mY tpkd;&u yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaeonf[k oHwrefrsm;u ajym=um;cJhonf?

ql'eftaemufykdif; ajcmufaoG@a'owckjzpfonfh 'gzma'o&Sd pcef;(147)ck

ukvor*~u owfrSwfxm;onhf ql'efY vufeufðzwfa&;&ufcsdef; eD;uyfvm

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=o*kwf (25)? ¡atyD¢=o*kwf (25)? ¡atyD¢=o*kwf (25)? ¡atyD¢=o*kwf (25)? ¡atyD¢e*swfzftusyftwnf;

t"dujzpf&yfrsm;rwf-28? tar&duef odrf;ykdufa&;

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=o*kwf-25? t,fvfppPwefeDonftD&wf&Sdaetdrfokd@ jyefvmonf/ twkduftck duf&yf&ef óud;yrf;r_ jzpfonf[kukd,f&Hawmfrsm;u ajymqkdonf? Ð

=o*kwf-13? bmoma&;acgif;aqmifonf wkdufckdufr_twGif; tenf;tusOf;xdckduf'%f&m&cJhonf[k t,fvfqm;'f .ajyma&;qkdcGihf&Sdolu ajymqkdonf? tpkd;&ESihf t,fvfqm;'f. t&m&Sdrsm;t=um;tcwf&yfpJa&; aqG;aEG;aepOfY e*swfzftm; ppfqifr_ukd qkdif;iHhxm;onf[ktar&duefu ajymonf?

=o*kwf-14? aqG;aEG;yJGysufoGm;onf?

=o*kwf-15? e*swfzfwGif wkdufyJGrsm;jyefvnfjzpfyGm;onf?

=o*kwf-17? tD&wftrsKd;om;

tjrwfae&mywfvnf&Sd vrf;rsm;ay:wGifqm;'ftm;opPmcHonhf vufeufukdifwkdufckdufa&;orm;rsm;u cHppftaetxm;jzifh qufvuf&Sdae+yD; ‚wkd@tm; tar&duefwifhum;rsm;ESihf oHcsyfumum;rsm;u0kdif;&Hxm;onf?

vl(1˜000)cef@u bmoma&;acgif;aqmifqm;'f. \kyfykHrsm;ESihf tvHrsm;tm;ukdifaqmif+yD; txGwftjrwfae&mtm;

odrf;ykdufxm;onf? vufeufrJhvltkyf}uD;ubmoma&;txGwftjrwfae&mtm;vlom;'kdif;tjzpf umuG,fxm;onf?xkd@jyif r'Dwyfrawmfonf txGwftjrwfae&mESihf e*swfzfòrd@tm; qufvufckcHumuG,foGm;rnfjzpf+yD; tar&duefrsm;tm;e*swfzfòrd@twGif;okd@ t0ifcHrnfr[kwf [kqm;'f. ajymcGihf&yk*~dKvf &Sdwftmruft,fvfa&SbmeDu ajym=um;vkdufonf?Ð

uyf0kdif;&Hxm;onf[k t,fqm;'f.ajyma&;qkdcGifh&Sdolu ajymqkdonf? xkda'o&Sd ppfaoG;ºursm;ESihf tar&duefwyfzJG@rsm; wkdufckduf=u&m trsKd;orD;(1)OD; aoqkH;+yD; tjcm;jynfol (3)OD;'%f&m&cJhonf?

=o*kwf-5? t,fqm;'f. jynfol@ppfrsm;u (1920)ckESpf e*swfzf awmfvSefa&;&ifjyif&Sd &Jpcef;tm; armfwmrsm;/'kH;avmifcsmrsm;jzifh wkdufckduf&m tar&duefwyfrsm;u &Jtiftm; wkd;csJ@csxm;cJhonf? xkdrSpI jyif;xefonhf wkdufyJGrsm;&ufowWywfaygif;rsm;pGm pwifjzpfay:

bmoma&;acgif;aqmif rkdwm'gqm;'f

bmoma&;acgif;aqmif rkdwm'gqm;'ftm; axmufcHolrsm;tm;awG@&pOf

ql'efEdkifiH&Sd vufeufudkifolykefwyfzGJ@wzGJ@tm;awG@&pOf



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pmrlrsm;/a0zeft}uHðypmrsm;

qufoG,fay;ydk‹Edkifonf?

ááááowif;pOf

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Mae Sod, 63110

Tak , Thailand.

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owif;pOf - ibiblio · -o*kwf/ 2004 ckESpf owif;pOf T h e L i g h t n i n g N e w s l e t t e r trSwf (54) c&pfESpf 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv?

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