The Republic of The Union of MyanmarMinistry of Natural Resources and Environmental  

Conservation 

Current situation and issues of Industrial Wastewater Management In Mandalay

Mr. Ko Ko OoStaff Officer

Environmental Conservation DepartmentMandalay Region

1

Introduction of Our Country and My Department

Environmental Policy of our country

Impact of Industrial wastewater discharge

Some projects related to industrial wastewater

management

Challenges in Industrial wastewater management

Conclusion

OUTLINES OF MY PRESENTATION

2

COUNTRY PROFILE

Name - MYANMAR

Area - 676,578km2

Population 51,486,253( 2014 census)

Capital - Nay Pyi Taw

Neighbor Country CHINA

LAOTHAILANDINDIABANGLADESH

3

Mandalay Region

•Area 37,945.6 Km2

( 14,650.878 sq mi)

•District 7 Nos.

•Townships 31 Nos.

•Wards 270 Nos.

•Population 6165728

(2014 Census)

•Density 160 Km2 ( 61.77sq mi)

Source: Mandalay - Wikipedia

4

Union Minister

Environmental Conservation Departmen

ForestDepartment

Myanmar Timber

EnterpriseSurvey

Department

Departmentof

Mine

Departmentof Geological

Survey and Mineral Exploxation

No.1Mining

Enterprise

No.2Mining

Enterprise

MyanmarPearl

Enterprise

MyanmarGems

Enterprise

Dry Zone Greening

Department

Forest Research Institute

University of Forestry

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

5

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT (ECD)

Environmental Conservation Department

Administration

Admin Budget

Policy, Int. Relation,

Research and Training Division

Policy &

Planning

Int. Relation & Res &

Ext.

Pollution Control Division

Urban & Industries

Env. Quality

Natural Resources & EIA Division

Natural Res.

Cons.EIA

State & Region

6

DIRECTOR

ASSISTANTDIRECTOR

STAFF OFFICER

STAFF OFFICER

ASSISTANTDIRECTOR

DEPUTYDIRECTOR

Natural Resources &EIA Division

PollutionControl Division

Policy, Int.Relation,

Research and Training Division

Administration

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT,MANDALAY REGION

7

To harmony and balance between these through the

integration of environmental considerations into the

development process to enhance the quality of the life

of all its citizens.

It is the responsibility of the State and every citizen

to preserve its natural resources in the interest of

present and future generation.

Environmental protection should always be the

primary objective in seeking development."

Policy guidance for mainstreaming (1994)

8

IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGE

Most of industries have only primary treatment facilities to remove large particles and solid waste, such as screening and settling basins.

Industrial wastewater are discharged into water body without any complete treatment

9

SOME PROJECTS RELATED TO INDUTRIAL WASTEWATER

MANAGEMENT

The Project for Capacity Development in Basic Water Environment Management and EIA System in Myanmar

Installation of small scale wastewater treatment facility for dying industries in Wundwin Township (HORRIBA)

10

THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

Project Type - Technical Aid ProjectProject Period - 3 years (from June, 2015 to

June 2018)Project Location - Hlaing River in Yangon

and Doke Hta Waddy River inMandalay

Supporting Agency- Japan InternationalCooperation Agency(JICA)

11

IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGE

The total number of enterprises is 1,189.

There are 187 large factories, 784 workshops/medium-scale

factories, and 288 domestic small-scale factories and

businesses.

Most common products are cooking oil, wheat mill, and sugar

mill, and cardboard.

Water usage of most factories is limited, and 85% of the

factories use less than 10,000 gal/day (45 m3/day).

12

RESULTS OF POLLUTION SOURCE SURVEY1. Outline of Pollution Source Survey

Questionnaire Survey (200 Factories)Each 100 Factories in Yangon and Mandalay

Wastewater Sampling (50 Factories)Each 25 Factories in Yangon and Mandalay

Term: From August to November during project period

*Existing Factories: Approx. 1000 each

2. Results Result (Questionnaire Survey)

Percentage of Sector for 100 Factories Number of Employees of Target Factories BOD and Water Usage Guideline Awareness Difficulties of Installation of WWTP

Result (Wastewater Sampling) Water Quality (BOD, COD) Pollution Load

1000(Existing Factories)

25(Wastewater Sampling)

100(Questionnaire)

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

13

RESULTS OF POLLUTION SOURCE SURVEY IN 2016(DOKE HTA WADDY RIVER BASIN)

Questionnaire Survey (100 factories in Mandalay) Wastewater Sampling and Analysis (25 factories in Mandalay)

Locations of Target Factories for Questionnaire Survey in 2016

14

PERCENTAGE OF SECTOR (100 FACTORIES) IN MDY

37

22

14

9

11

16Food and Beverages Manufacturing

Garments, Textile and Leather Products

Wood Mnufacturing

Chemicals Manufacturing

Manufacture of Glass and Ceramics

Manufacture of Construction Materials

Metal, Machinery and Electronics

Percentage of Sector for Questionnaire Survey (100 Factories)

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

15

12

21

Food and BeveragesManufacturing

Garments, Textile and LeatherProducts

Chemicals Manufacturing

6218

5

2 13

0 ‐ 1,000 gal/day

1,000 ‐ 5,000 gal/day

5,000 ‐ 10,000 gal/day

10,000 ‐ 20,000 gal/day

20,000‐ gal/day

WATER USAGE OF INDUSTRIAL IN MANDALAY

- 15%: More than 5,000 gal/day

- Most of Top water users are categorized in “Food and Beverage”

Sector of “Top Water Users (15 Factories)”

Water Usage for 100 Factories

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

16

EXISTING FACTORIES IN DOKE HTA WADDY RIVER BASIN

18615%

695%

47037%

15112%

13110%

534%

413%

17514% Food and Beverage Manufacturing

Garments, Textile and Leather Products

Mechanics and Welding Business

Car workshop (Car body/Frame/Painting)

Iron Smelting

Construction (Steel Structure and Iron EntranceGates)Metal/ Bronze Casting

Others

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

17

CONNECTION TO 10” PIPELINE

37 out of 100 factories are connected to the pipeline.

Reported volume of wastewater discharged to the pipeline is 1,142 m3/day or 82% of wastewater discharged from the 100 factories investigated.

18

AWARENESS OF GUIDELINE

MandalayYangon

- 70 – 80% of Factories are not aware of“National Environment Quality (Emission) Guideline”

23

77

Yes No

29

71

Yes No

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

19

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

46

54

Existance of Wastewater Treatment Facilities (%)

Yes No

Only 46% of the factories investigated this time are equipped with wastewater treatment facilities.

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

20

PRIMARY/SECONDARY TREATMENT

22

4

34

0

0

1

78

96

66

100

100

99

Screen

Equal izat ion Tank

Sett l ing Basin

Oi l Separator

Chemical Coagulat ion

Other

Primary Treatment (%)Yes No

1

4

1

0

99

96

99

100

SEPTIC TANK

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

UASB

OTHER BIOLOGICAL

Secondary TreatmentYes No

21

WASTEWATER SAMPLING (MDL)

GuidelineValue (ppm)

BelowGuideline

AboveGuideline

Total No Data

BOD 50 3 16 19 6COD 250 3 16 19 6

21

2

6

8

6 0 ‐ 20 ppm

20 ‐ 50 ppm

50 ‐ 100 ppm

100 ‐ 1,000 ppm

1,000 ‐  ppm

No Data

1 2

4

1

11

60 ‐ 100 ppm

100 ‐ 250 ppm

250 ‐ 1,000 ppm

1,000 ‐ 2,000 ppm

2,000 ‐  ppm

No Data

CODBOD

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

22

OUTLET BOD CONCENTRATIONS

2

1

2

1

2

3

10

2 2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Num

ber

of F

acto

ries

BOD (mg/L)

Outlet BOD Concentration (mg/L)

Many factories in Mandalay discharge concentrated wastewaters.

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

23

Monitoring industrial wastewater

Sampling industrial wastewater and Measuring the quality of wastewater at some points and final discharged point (at the end of 10 inch Pipe line near Dotawady River)

10 parameters of wastewater quality measured(pH,BOD,COD,DO,EC,TDS,Salinity,TSS,TN,TP)

24

24

Monitoring industrial wastewater

Inspecting the discharge condition of factories that discharging industrial wastewater into Dotawady river by 10 inches pipe line

Making public awareness activity related with industrial wastewater management at Industrial Zone

Regular Monitoring water management of some industries with cooperation of other relevant department

25

CHALLENGES OF SOME FACTORIES IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Absence of Internal and External Env. Expert

High Cost comparing to Benefit

Difficulties of obtaining Funding

Limited Land

Unclear Regulatory Requirement

Unrealistic Environment Regulation

26

CONCLUSION27

Water resource is essential for our daily life Industrial wastewater problem is main issue

to be addressed Capacity development and technical

assistance are needed Active participation of all stakeholders is

necessary

27