WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINESwepa-db.net/3rd/en/meeting/20170926/pdf/26_3-09_Philippines.pdf · Overview of Presentation ... which is due mainly to water pollution. Pasig

ENGR. WILMA R. UYACOChief, Monitoring and Enforcement SectionEnvironmental Management Bureau-NCR, DENR

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES

ENGR. ERLINDA A. GONZALESTechnical OfficerEnvironmental Management Bureau

WEPA International Workshop on Industrial Wastewater Management

Jakarta, IndonesiaSeptember 26-28, 2017

DR. VICENTE TUDDAO JR, PhDRegional DirectorDENR -

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Overview of Presentation

I. INTRODUCTIONProfile of the PhilippinesWater Resources and Status of the Water EnvironmentII. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER REGULATIONSPhilippine Clean Water Act of 2004Water Quality Criteria and General Effluent StandardsMonitoring Methods on Industrial EstablishmentsChallenges in Monitoring and Status of ComplianceIII. CHALLENGES AND COUNTERMEASURESChallenges on the Industries and Measures TakenImpacts of Water Pollution to the EnvironmentTreatment Technologies Current Used

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THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES PROFILEArchipelago with 7,107 islands;Land Area: 300,000 km2Population as of 2016 is 103M. The annual population growth rate is 2.04% .

About 12.780% of the total population is concentrated in Metro Manila.

The Philippine economy is largely contributed by the agriculture sector which accounts for 30% of the GDP. Another major contributor is the mineral sector which produces copper, chromite, nickle, gold, silver.

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THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES PROFIL

The DTI records in 2011, shows thatthere are 820,253 establishments (based on 18 industry type) throughout the country, wherein 60% are located within the Manila Bay Region (Metro Manila, Region 3, and Region 4A). Of these number 112,789 are manufacturing industries.

The main manufacturing industriesare pulp and paper mills, sugar mills, alcohol distilleries, food processing, plastic and consumer goods, copper smelter, glass plant, steel mills and cement plant. 4

A. Coastal & Marine Waters Covers an area of about

266,00sqkm, including bays and gulfs

Coastline stretches to about 17,460km

Coral reefs cover about 27,000sqkm 64 of the 79 provinces are in coastal

areas

B. Inland Waters Ground Water – aggregate area of

about 50,000sqkm Lakes - 79 Rivers Major River (drainage area

not less than1,400sqkm) - 18 Principal River (drainage area

not less than 40sqkm) - 4215

Out of the 421 Principal Rivers, 180 are already polluted

50 are biologically dead

4 are in Metro Manila

STATUS OF RIVERS IN THE PHILIPPINE

The rapid increase in population, urbanizationand industrial development has led to theriver basin degradation and deteriorationwhich is due mainly to water pollution.

Pasig River

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Source: Nat’l Water Quality Status Report, EMB 7

Chart1

Domestic

Industrial

Agricultural-Livestock

Non-Point Sources

Source of Water Pollution

Sources of Water Pollution

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27

29

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Sheet1

Source of Water Pollution

Domestic33

Industrial27

Agricultural-Livestock29

Non-Point Sources11

To resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range.

“The DENR shall be the primary government agency responsible for the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the country’s

environment and natural resources.”

- EO 192

EMB is the primary government agency under the DENR mandated

- to formulate, integrate, coordinate, supervise, and implement all policies, plans, programs, projects and activities relative to

the prevention and control of pollution as well as management and enhancement of

environment 8

PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004(Republic Act No. 9275)

Provides For A Comprehensive And Integrated Strategy

To Prevent And Minimize Pollution Through A Multi-Sectoral And

Participatory Approach Involving All The Stakeholders.

The Clean Water Act Applies To:

Water quality management in all water bodies. Abatement and control of pollution from

land-based sources.Enforcement of water quality standards,

regulations and penalties. 9


The DENR Implements A Wastewater Charge System (WCS)In All Management Areas and Regional Industrial Centers through the Collection of Wastewater Charges/Fees.

WCS is a market based-instruments (MBIs) thatimposes fees based on the volume and quality ofeffluent discharged. This was adopted to encourageproper wastewater management to abate & controlpollution

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All Owners Or Operators Of Facilities That Discharge Regulated Effluents Shall Secure

Wastewater Discharge Permit (DP).


To control wastewater discharges, DENR has enforced the Wastewater Discharge Permitting System

DP is the legal authorization granted by the DENR to discharge wastewater into a water body

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DENR NO 2016-08 WATER QUALITY GUIDELINES AND GENERAL EFFLUENT STANDARDS OF

2016 Discharges from any point source shall at all times

meet the effluent standards

The GES shall be used regardless of the industry category

Effluent used for agricultural purposes shall conform to the DA Administrative Order No. 2007-26.

DAO 08 has also provision for the water classification of water bodies for the purpose of maintaining the

quality of water based on beneficial usage.12

Water Body Classification andUsage of Freshwaters (Rivers, Lakes)

Classification Intended Beneficial Use

Class AAPublic Water Supply Class I –Intended primarily for waters having watersheds, which are uninhabited and otherwise protected, and which require only approved disinfection to meet the PNSDW Public Water Supply Class II –For sources of water supply requiring conventional treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) to meet the latest PNSDW

AA

A13

Water Body Classification and Usage of Freshwaters (Rivers, Lakes)

Classification Beneficial UseClass B Recreational Water Class I –

intended for primary contact recreation (bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc.)

1.Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources

2.Recreational Water Class II (Boating, fishing or similar activities)

3.For agriculture, irrigation, and livestock watering)

B

C

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SIGNIFICANT EFFLUENT QUALITY PARAMETERS PER SECTOR

PSIC CODEINDUSTRY CATEGORY

SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS

A. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

014 Animal Production

BOD, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Coliform (for Class B and SB), Ammonia, Phosphate

032 Aquaculture (excluding fish pens)BOD, TSS, Ammonia, Nitrate,

Phosphate, Sulfate15


PSIC CODE INDUSTRY CATEGORY SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS

B. Mining and Quarrying

05 Mining of coal and lignite

Color, pH, TSS, Nitrate, Sulfate, Manganese, Iron, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead

06Extraction of crude

petroleum and natural gas, support activities

pH, TSS, Sulfate, Fluoride, Barium, Chromium, Nickel, Copper, Zinc,

Mercury, O & G, Phenol & Phenolic Substances, Benzene, Toluene,

Ethylbenzene, Xylene,sBenzo(a)pyrene

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C. Manufacturing

10110 Slaughtering and meat packing T, pH, BOD, TSS, Ammonia, Nitrate, Phosphate, O & G

10120Production processing and preserving of meat and meat products

T, pH, BOD TSS, O & G

1020Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks (except carrageenan)

T, pH, BOD, TSS, Nitrate, O & G

10205Processing of seaweeds, manufacture of agar-agar or carrageenan

T, pH, COD, TSS,

1030 Processing and preserving of fruits and vegetables T, pH, BOD, TSS, O & G17



C. Manufacturing

14 Manufacture of wearing apparel T, pH, Surfactants, Color, COD

15110 Tanning and dressing of leatherColor, pH, COD, TSS, Total Coliform,

Ammonia, Chloride, Chromium, O & G, Phenol & Phenolic Substances

1621

Manufacture of veneer sheets; manufacture of plywood, laminated board, particle board and other panels and board; wooden window and screens

COD, TSS, Nitrate, Sulfate, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Arsenic,

Bezo(a)pyrene

17012Pulp milling including manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard

Color, T, pH, COD, TSS, Nitrate, Phenol & Phenolic Substances, Sulfate, Phosphate,

Ammonia 18

Section 7.2

Parameter Class A Class B Class C Class D

Ammonia as NH3-N, mg/L

0.5 0.5 0.5 7.5

BOD5,mg/L 20 30 50 120

Boron, mg/L 2 2 3 12

Chloride, mg/L 350 350 450 500

COD, mg/L 60 60 100 200

Color, TCU 100 100 150 300Cyanide as Free Cyanide, mg/L

0.14 0.14 0.2 0.4

Fluoride, mg/L 2 2 2 419


Nitrate as NO3-N, mg/L 14 14 14 30

pH (Range) 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.5 5.5-9.5

Phosphate, mg/L 1 1 1 10

Selenium, mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.08

Sulfate, mg/L 500 500 550 1,000

Surfactants (MBAS), mg/L

2 3 15 30

Temperature(h) °C change

3 3 3 3

Total Suspended Solids, mg/L

70 85 100 15020


Arsenic, mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.08

Barium, mg/L 1.5 1.5 6 8

Cadmium, mg/L 0.006 0.006 0.01 0.02

Chromium as Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)

0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04

Copper as dissolved Copper, mg/L

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.08

Iron, mg/L 5 5 7.5 35Lead, mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.1 0.2Manganese, mg/L 2 2 2 20

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MONITORING OF THE INDUSTRIESLEVEL DOER REPORT

Project Proponent/Company

The Pollution Control Officer

Self-Monitoring Report (SMR) and/or (CMR) Compliance Monitoring Report

Multi-Partite Monitoring (MMT) or Third Party Monitoring

Team headed by the company composed of various Stakeholders(LGU, NGO and

Audit Report / CMR

REGULATINGBODY

EMB CO / EMB-RO Compliance Evaluation Report22

METHODS OF MONITORING THE INDUSTRIES

Table Monitoring Documents submitted o reports (Self-Monitoring Report)o planso required permits (discharge permit)o other proof of compliance or

implementation

Field MonitoringSite Validation (actual plant inspection

and effluent sampling plus validation of submitted reports) 23

9/25/2017

CHALLENGES IN MONITORING

• Low awareness of the stakeholders on the existing law, rules and regulations on wastewater management

• Weak cooperation among different Government Agencies, Local Government Units, and the Regulated Community/Industry hence derail law enforcement

• Big investment on the part of industrial establishments to put up WTF as a results of the inclusion of additional parameters in the new effluent standard (NO3, PO4)

• Inadequate logistical support to the law implementers, especially at local level (financial & technical).

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STATUS OF COMPLIANCE BY INDUSTRIAL / COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS TO THE

CLEAN WATER ACT

Based on records of the DENR – EMB, of the total industries in the Manila Bay Region that have been monitored from 2011-2015, only 45.41% are complying with the DENR Standards / or have been issued Wastewater Discharge Permit.

This means that many have been issued Noticesof Violation and are still implementing measures(such as construction of wastewater treatmentfacility) so as to treat their wastewater. Or somestill have pending case with PAB (payment offines/penalties) 25

9/25/2017

CHALLENGES FACED BY INDUSTRIES FOR NON-COMPLIANCE

Violation Penalty/Civil Liability

Anyone who commits any of the prohibited acts or violates any of the provisions of this Act & its IRR

Upon recommendation of the PAB, Fine of not less than PhP10,000 but not more than P200,000 for every day of violation

Anyone who commits violation of Section 7 of the GES, case shall be elevated to the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB) for issuance of a “Cease and Desist Order” (CDO).

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9/25/2017



Failure to undertake clean-upoperations– wilfully or through gross negligence

Imprisonment not less than 2yrs but not more than 4 yrs.; A fine of not less than PhP50,000 but not more than PhP100,000 per day of violation

Failure or refusal to clean-upwhich results in serious injury orloss of life or lead to irreversiblewater contamination

Imprisonment of not less than 6 yrs. and 1 day and not more than 12 yrs. and fine of PhP500,000 per day for each violation

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Gross violation of the Act,-Deliberate discharge of toxic pollutants-Five (5) or more violations within a period of 2years-Blatant disregard of the orders of the PAB, such as non-payment of fines, breaking of seals or operating despite the existence of an order for closure, discontinuance or cessation of operation.

PAB shall issue resolution recommending that proper gov’t agencies file criminal charges against violator


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CHALLENGES ON INDUSTRIESIn the different provinces of the Philippines, the Livestock sector is number one source of water pollution The Department of Agriculture recognizes the problem and difficulty in putting up WTF.Other industries with problem on compliance to the Effluent Standards:

Pulp and Paper Mill Food Manufacturing

Dyeing/Textile/Garments Housing/Recreation

Piggery & Poultry Industrial estate

Slaughterhouse/Hatchery Power Plant

Beverage and Brewery Quick Service Restaurants

Chemicals/Pharmaceuticals Sugar

Gasoline Refilling Mining

Hospital Allcohol Distillery 29

IMPACT TO ENVIRONMENT OF UNTREATED WASTEWATER

Fish Kill – occurs as a result of deteriorating waterquality.

There are 3 documented fishkill incidents in the Philippines.

May 2011-bangus and tilapia production in Taal Lake in Batangas City estimated to reached 800MT fishes killed.

June 2011 – Bolinao and Anga in Pangasinan where 10,000MT were affected

May 2012 – towns within Rizal and Laguna and was causedby deteriorating quality of Laguna Lake

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IMPACT TO ENVIRONMENT WATER

Red Tide Occurrences – although a natural and seasonal phenomenon. But factors such as natural upwelling of water resulting in high nutrient concentrations together with ideal conditions of T, salinity and light can trigger bloom of dinoflagellates. Also the fertilizer runoff from farms contributes to the occurrence.

Mangroove Forest Extinction –

Water Pollution of Rivers and Lakes and Coastal Waters

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ANNUAL ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO WATER POLLUTION• P3 billion for health costs• P17 billion for costs for fisheries

production• 47 billion for tourism• Other non-quantifiable damage /

loss claims

A total of P67 Billion Source: Phil Environment Monitor 2003

IMPACT of WATER POLLUTION

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Low awareness of the industries on the existing law, rules and regulations on wastewater management;

Low awareness on the effect to humans and lives of water pollution;

Big investment on the part of industrial establishments to put up WTF as a results of the inclusion of additional parameters in the new effluent standard (NO3, PO4);

Unavailability of enough space for the construction of WTF or enhancement of existing WTF.

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CURRENT MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROBLEMS

Measures Problem

Industries take the services of third party treater of wastewater;

The difficulty in monitoring the procedure. The Law (CWA) has no provision on how to monitor the transporter of the wastewater.

Dosing of enzymes and/or bacteria to lessen the concentration of pollutants.

Not an assurance of compliance to the effluent standards.

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TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY USED BY INDUSTRIES

Industry Type TreatmentProcess/Technology

Quick Service Restaurants Grease Traps Commercial Building/Mall Biological Treatment SBR,

Extended Activated Sludge Process

Food Processing Chemical Treatment or combination of Chemical and Biological Treatment

Cosmetics and other Chemical Industries

Combination of Chemicaland Biological Treatment

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SOME TREATMENT FACILITIES CURRENTLY USED IN THE PHILIPPINES

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SLUDGE DRYING BED

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ADOPT AND ESTERO/WATER-BODY• Launched in 2010, the Adopt Esteros/ Water Bodies is a

collaborative program between and among the DENR, thecommunity, Local Government Units, Donor Partners and otherGovernment Agencies aim at institutionalizing public-privatecommunity partner in environmental and sanitationimprovement.

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INDUSTRIAL ECOWATCHIndustrial Eco watch was implemented as part of EMB’s

compliance monitoring system.

A public disclosure program where the industrial and commercial establishments are rated based on their environmental performance

Six color codes are used to rate the performance of various industries (Black (very Bad), Red (BAD), Blue (Good), Green (Very Good), Silver (Excellent), Gold (Outstanding)

Red and Black classifications indicate violations in meeting the allowable parameters. Blue rating exhibit satisfactory environmental performance.

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INDUSTRIAL ECOWATCHPromote mandatory self monitoring and compliance with

environmental standardsEncourage voluntary self regulation among establishments for

improved environmental performance by:o Encouraging pollution reduction beyond compliance through

public recognition and praise;o Creating incentives for dischargers or producers;

Build and enhance the capability of establishments and/or their associations on self regulation in:

Developing internal environmental management systems S)Promoting the use of international environmental standards

such as the ISO 14000 series.

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PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENT PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM (PEPP)

•The PEPP created by virtue of DAO 2003-14 is a DENR partnership program with industries, in cooperation with the other environment-related agencies, aimed to support industry self-regulation towards improved environmental performance.

•The PEPP seeks to provide a package of incentives and reward mechanisms to industries in effective voluntary self-regulation and improved environmental performance.

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GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

BENEFITS FROM AWARDEE OF THE PEPP• High profile recognition reward- rewarded by the DENR Official Seal

of approval and are entitled for the relaxation of regulatory requirements. This seal shall be valid for one year.

• Relaxation of reportorial requirements as to the frequency of submission

• Simplified requirements for securing Environmental Compliance Certificate for an expansion project

• Longer validity of permit

• Access to financial assistance from PEPP partner financial institutions.

*The are have been awarded with the companies qualified for the program’s tract 1 classification and awarded with the DENR SEAL f APPROVAL

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---Kofi Annan

Let us be good stewards of the Earth we inherited. All of us have to share

the Earth’s fragile ecosystems and precious resources,and each of us has a role to play in preserving them.

If we are to go on living together on this earth, we must all be responsible for it.

Have a Great Day Everyone

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT �IN THE PHILIPPINES��Overview of PresentationTHE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES PROFILETHE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES PROFILETHE WATER RESOURCES OF THE PHILIPPINESSTATUS OF RIVERS IN THE PHILIPPINESSlide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Water Body Classification andUsage of �Freshwaters (Rivers, Lakes)�Water Body Classification and Usage of Freshwaters (Rivers, Lakes)�Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Section 7.2 Effluent Standards� Table 9 (DAO 2016-08)�Table 9 (DAO 2016-08)�Effluent StandardsTable 9 (DAO 2016-08)�Effluent StandardsSlide Number 22Slide Number 23�CHALLENGES IN MONITORINGSTATUS OF COMPLIANCE BY INDUSTRIAL / COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS TO THE �CLEAN WATER ACTCHALLENGES FACED BY INDUSTRIES FOR NON-COMPLIANCECHALLENGES FACED BY INDUSTRIES FOR NON-COMPLIANCECHALLENGES FACED BY INDUSTRIES FOR NON-COMPLIANCECHALLENGES ON INDUSTRIESIMPACT TO ENVIRONMENT OF UNTREATED WASTEWATER IMPACT TO ENVIRONMENT WATER Slide Number 32REASON FOR NON-COMPLIANCE OF INDUSTRYSlide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Slide Number 38GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT Slide Number 44空白ページ空白ページ空白ページ空白ページ