Industry Waste Water Management In Lao PDR

By Pollution Control Department MONRE

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Content • Background • Legislation wastewater control;• National environmental standards• Current situation of industry waste water and technology existing

in Lao PDR• Challenges in the management

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Background• The Lao government economic development policy is to industrialize and modernize

the country with promote several kinds of industries that would help to achieve the objectives of the country’s industrialization and modernization strategies as

• To develop small and medium enterprises (SME);• To promote and develop import substitution production of selected goods to reduce overdependence on

import goods; and • To promote and develop export-oriented industry, focusing on high value-added products;

• Lao PDR developed the Special and Specific Economic Zones (SEZ) for Developers and investors can invest in all sectors in the SEZ. Government of Lao PDR promotion the Industry sector in SEZ. Currently, the number of industrial factories are 10, 413 factories :

1) Food and beverage 14;2) Tabacco 7;3) Textile and garments 281;4) Cement factory 9;5) Construction mate rials 502;6) Car and motorcycle assemble 25;7) Plastics 10; and Others 9565 not included the household business

Source: Development of industry and handicraft development strategy, 2013.

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Legislation wastewater control Legislation involve:

1. National Environmental Standard, 2017;2. Industry Processing Law, 2013;3. Environment Protection Law, 2012;4. Environment Impact Assessment Decree; 2010 and EIA instruction 2014;5. Waste from Industry Processing Management Regulation 2012; and6. Industry Wastewater Discharge Regulation 2005.

Monitoring system • For water quality inspection and monitoring:• PCD is compliance inspection with the end of the pipe;• ESIA is regular monitoring of project development;• NREI is researches and Lab service;• WRD is regular monitoring of surface and ground water quality monitoring in whole

country.

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National environment standards (Standards for Water Pollution Control from General Industries)Parameters Symbols Standards values that

allowsUnit Analysis methodology

potential of Hydrogen pH 6-8.5 - pH Meter

Total Dissolved Solid TDS ≤2,500 mg/L Dry evaporation at temperature103-105 °C, 1 hour

Total Suspended Solid TSS ≤50 mg/L Glass Fiber Filter DiscTemperature t ≤40 °C Temperature MeterColor and Odor - None - GeneralHydrogen Sulfide H2S ≤1.0 mg/L TitrationCyanide CN- ≤0.2 mg/L Distillation and Pyridine Barbituric Acid

Fat, Oil and Grease FOG ≤5.0 mg/L Solvent Extraction by WeightFormaldehyde CH2O ≤1.0 mg/L SpectrophotometryPhenol C6H5OH ≤1.0 mg/L Distillation and Aminoantipyrine Method 4Chlorine Cl- ≤1.0 mg/L Lodometric Method

Pesticide - None mg/L GCBiological Oxygen Demand 5 Days BOD5

≤30 mg/L Azide Modification at 20 °C, 5 days

Total Nitrogen TKN ≤ 100 mg/L KjeldahlChemical Oxygen Demand COD ≤120 mg/L Potassium Dichromate Digestion ; Open Reflux or Closed Reflux

Heavy metalsZinc Zn ≤5.0 mg/L

AA/AES; ICPChromium Hexavalent Cr+6 ≤0.25 mg/LChromium Trivalent Cr+3 ≤0.75 mg/LCopper Cu ≤2.0 mg/L

AA/AES; ICP

Cadmium Cd ≤0.03 mg/LBarium Ba ≤1.0 mg/LLead Pb ≤0.2 mg/LNickel Ni ≤1.0 mg/LManganese Mn ≤5.0 mg/LArsenic As ≤0.25 mg/L AA-Hydride Generation or ICPSelenium Se ≤0.02 mg/LMercury Hg ≤0.005 mg/L AA - Cold Vapour Techique

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Current situation industry wastewater and technologies• Many factories in Lao PDR their industrial waste water direct

discharged in to the pond , however, such pond does not to havesheeting to prevent infiltration of untreated water to the ground;

• The small factories in Lao PDR have ponds for their industrial effluentdisposal;

• The larger scale of industries their have waste water treatment plant( Anaerobic+ Aerobic) such as Beer Lao company, Cocacola company ,mining sector and other industries.

For example picture in the next

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Ponds in many factories of Vientiane Capital Pain factory

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Lao’s Metal Resources Co,.LTD

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Waste Water Treatment Plant in Beer Lao Company

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Cocacola Company

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Challenges for Industry Wastewater Management

1. Policy and legislation: • Lack of Monitoring and Enforcement;• Lack of specific Law and Regulation to control of waster pollution control; and• Lack of criminal laws for pollution control.2. Institutional Framework:• The absence of power leads to serious lack of compliance and major pollution issues;• Lack of technical skills and inadequate resources to support monitoring and enforcement;• Lack of cooperation and coordination of pollution control among the Center , Local

government and agencies concern.3. Financial support• Lack of financial collection charges of pollutants released into the environment is still not

able to perform as no specific legislation in force; and• National government’s annual budget is not sufficient.

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