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Seeing Is Believing
The Children’s Center
Nick Tsandes, LCSW
Seeing Is BelievingDeveloped by the Irving B. Harris Foundation—University of Minnesota
A strengths-based videotaping strategy designed to enhance the caregiver-child relationship
Specifically designed for in-home visitors
Can be used in a variety of settings (homes, offices, shelters, schools)
Attachment
All infants develop attachments to their caregivers
Attachments are either secure or insecure
Caregiver sensitivity is the most important antecedent to infant security
Sensitivity involves reading infants’ signals correctly and responding to them appropriately
Caregiver Sensitivity
A sensitive caregiver:Recognizes that even a tiny baby has cues
and signals (gestures, voice, facial expressions, body movements)
Tries to interpret those cues accuratelyResponds to the infant based on the cuesResponds consistently
Caregiver Sensitivity
The child in a secure attachment relationship has learned to trust that caregivers will meet his/her needs.
The secure child has also learned to trust in his/her ability to solicit care
Insensitive Care
Is defined by:A pattern of chronic unresponsiveness,
when a caregiver ignores infant’s cuesErratic or unreliable responses—the infant
cannot predict how he/she will be cared forParental intrusiveness, when a caregiver
overstimulates the child, ignoring the child’s cues
Insensitive Care
Is not defined by:The occasional inability of a parent to
respond quickly to a baby’s needsAn occasional misinterpretation of a
baby’s cues
Principles of Practice
Principle One--Relationship BasedA good, trusting relationship is essential to effective servicePromise no more than you can deliver (Be
clear about how often, and what you can and cannot provide)
Do what you say you will do (trust takes time)
Keep going back (even when it’s difficult)
Principles of Practice
Principle Two—Strengths FocusedFocusing on strengths builds confidence and trustEvery child, parent, and caregiver has strengths and motivations that serve them wellParents want to do what’s best for their children
Principles of Practice
Principle Three--Care is Individualized
Worker focuses on:This childThis parentThis family
Principles of Practice
Principle Four--Context is Valued
Every parent-child relationship is embedded in:Nuclear and extended familyCultureCommunityLarger society
Promoting Sensitivity
Videotaping parent(s) interacting with their children, and later watching the video with the parent(s)
Encouraging parents to observe, identify, and accurately respond to their child’s cues
By asking open ended questions
Honoring the parallel process—modeling sensitivity in our work with families
Why Videotape?Focus is on caregiver-child relationshipThe strengths of the relationship can be easily observedHighlights parent’s expertiseCaregivers can observe, identify, and build on their parenting strengthsCaregiver can begin to see the world from the child’s perspectiveOffers new perspective of the relationshipA keepsake is created for the family
Presenting the Idea
Videotaping is:VoluntaryStrengths focused and funThe tape is for the familyConfidential
Setting the Tone
Have Fun
Model a non-judgmental tone
Wonder with the parent
Match the parent’s tone where appropriate
Activities to Videotape
Everyday childcare tasksFeeding, bathing, dressing, diapering
New accomplishmentsHolding head up, rolling over, walking,
saying “bye-bye”
Favorite activitiesExperimentationExploring a new toy
Technicalities—the Camera Shot
Focus on face-to-face interactionsDecide on the activity before you filmAdjust the camera angle to get the best image of the parent-child interactionFull-LengthChestClose-upWaist
Taking Cues From the Baby and Caregiver
Follow the family’s lead at all times
The Baby:Fatigue, irritability
The parent(s)Anxiety, distraction (Don’t be afraid to ask)
Know when to stop taping
What to Observe
Baby’s developmentBaby’s cuesCaregiver’s response to cuesCaregiver’s use of languageCaregiver’s beliefs (about themselves and the baby)Unrealistic expectations of child and/or
parenting
How Much to Talk
Keep it Relaxed
Use Open Ended Questions Invite parents to reflect on the experience
of caring for this child
Comment on the “good stuff” “She is so comfortable with you.”
Intervention Hints
Make positive, and very specific comments about the baby and parentOffer verbal cues to the parent that bring him/her back to the child’s cuesExplore the parent’s hopes and dreams for this childWhen things aren’t going well, gently “talk through the baby”
Viewing the Tape Together
Focus on strengths
Ask, don’t tell
Encourage perspective-taking
Address Broader Issues
Words to Use While Viewing
“You seemed to know just what she wanted there. How did you know?”
“What do you think your baby was feeling then?”
“I wonder how it feels to a baby when…”
“Look at what your baby just did. What do you think he was trying to tell you?”
Words to Use While Viewing
If you know the caregiver is reading a signal incorrectly, gently lead: “Maybe so. Sometimes,though, when
babies do that it means…what do you think?”
What does that feel like for you?
Practice Tape Structure
Introduction
Goals of the practice session
Viewing the clip
Analyzing strategies used by the worker
Putting yourself in the role of the home visitor
Seeing Is Believing
Special thanks to:Terrie Rose, PhDKay Barickman, PhD