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Maintenance

What is maintenance?

Industrial maintenance usually refers to the repair and upkeep of the different types of

equipment and machines used in an industrial setting. The basics of industrial maintenance

may be broken down into the following five categories: general knowledge, mechanical

knowledge, electrical knowledge, welding knowledge, and preventative maintenance.

According to this wide variety of areas of expertise, industrial maintenance technicians

usually are multi-skilled individuals, proficient in many tasks. Industrial maintenance also

involves a great degree of problem solving skill. Identifying the problem alongside the best

and safest means of resolving the difficulty typically are integral parts of the industrial

maintenance process.

Why maintenance is important ?

Regular maintenance is essential to keep equipment, machines and the work environment

safe and reliable. It helps to eliminate workplace hazards. Lack of maintenance or inadequate

maintenance can lead to dangerous situations, accidents and health problems.

Maintenance is a high risk activity. It has to be performed in a safe way!

What is the Task of Maintenance? Its Significance in Society?

In Europe every year, thousands of billions of Euros are invested in new machines, factories,roads, etc. It is the task of the maintenance people to take good care of these huge

investmentsto be responsible for ensuring that they provide the service they were designed

for, at best possible profits for the investors.

The duty of maintenance is not only to repair and maintain the machines. A professional

maintenance person will keep the machines running safely and reliably. He or she will also

try continually to improve the efficiency of the equipment.

The main task of maintenance is to make sure that the investments made will generate the

best possible profit during the entire lifetime of the machine.

Improving the availability, reliability, safety, and return on life cycle cost are the foundationof profitability and competitiveness.

The better the Industrys competitiveness and the communitys ability to provide services, the

more the assets efficiencies are optimised.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-welding.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-welding.htm


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Maintenance for safety

Proper maintenance is essential for eliminating hazards and managing risks at the workplace.

Lack of maintenance or inadequate maintenance can cause serious and deadly accidents.

Many accidents, such as slips, trips and falls, happen because of lack of maintenance or as a

result of poor quality maintenance

Lack of maintenance and regular service of construction equipment and machinery may lead

to their failure and cause injuries to the operators and other workers (e.g. defective

conveyors, derricks, hoists, faulty ladders, etc.)

Poor standards of maintenance are a major underlying cause of accidents in the catering

industry. Most accidents resulting from poor maintenance involve equipment (e.g. faults in

plugs or cables, poorly maintained gas appliances) or happen due to leaks and spillages.

Safety critical equipment can fail due to lack of maintenance causing serious accidents

The general knowledge usually required in industrial maintenance

The general knowledge usually required in industrial maintenance is an understanding of

tools, blueprint reading, and safety. The correct tools and the comprehension of how to use

them can be crucial for fixing potential machinery problems. Blueprint reading enables the

industrial maintenance technician to understand how a particular machine works. Safety is

also a pivotal aspect of maintenance, as most industrial machines can be considered

dangerous. It usually is important for the technician to maintain his or her own safety, as well

as those of the workers using the machinery.


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Mechanical knowledge of how machines function may include a familiarity with concepts

such as mechanical power transmission, fluid power, piping systems, pumps, and

compressors. Since any number of mechanical parts can make up a piece of machinery,

industrial maintenance typically requires the knowledge of how machines function in general.

A familiarity with wiring, transformers and basic industrial electronics allows for the

repairing of machines experiencing problems with power supplies. The knowledge ofwelding techniques, such as arc welding and gas welding, also can be necessary to solve a

mechanical problem.

Instruments used in industrial maintenance

A. Technical

1. Temperature controlled soldering Iron

2. Oscilloscope

3. Multimeter

4. Universal programmer

5. variable Power supply AC and DC

6. LCR meter

7. Clamp meter

8. De-soldering Gun

9. Hot air gun

10.Cleaning gunB. Mechanical

1.Hand tools

2.Pliers

3.L-keys (.5 to 15 )

4.Set of tweezers

5.Screwdrivers

6.Cutters7.Puller

8.Ruler

9.Hammer


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C. Other essentials

1.Selves

2.Shockproof Tape

3.Soldering wire4.Flux (liquid & solid)

5.Wires

D. Self made Testing zig according to the chip you are using.


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Stoll CMS-402


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General Description of Stoll CMS-402

Serial no Part

1 Machine stand

2 Needle carrier

3 Racking unit

4 Knitting unit

5 Fabric take down6 Yarn delivery unit

7 Maintenance unit

8 Protecting unit

9 Machine control

10 Cable Guidance

11 Electric

12 Electronic system


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Stepper Motor Driver Card

The image shows the stepper motors used in machines. These motors control

the yarn feeder of the machines. These also control the tension of thread.

There are total eight motors in machine and an individual driver card is used

for Rotation of motor. These are placed in the left cabinet of the machine.

The testing base for these shows the testing of card


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This image shows the initial state of motor driver card when it is not triggered

or ypu can say it is in low position now.


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This shows the image of card when it is triggered and the card is in working

position or you can say in high position in right position


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This shows the image of card when it is triggered and the card is in working

position or you can say in high position in left position


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Linear scale encoder

An infra-red LED emits light onto the scale, which is a plane reflective metal grating of20 m period. It is important that this scale is uniform and strongly periodic, but it does not

need to be a good diffraction grating. As with RG2 and RG4 readheads, the SiGNUM

readhead optics average the contributions from many scale periods and effectively filters out

non-periodic features such as dirt. The nominally square-wave scale pattern is also filtered to

leave a pure sinusoidal fringe field at the detector. Here, a multiple finger structure is

employed, fine enough to produce photocurrents in the form of four symmetrically phased

signals. These are combined to remove DC components and produce sine and cosine signal

outputs with high spectral purity and low offset, while maintaining bandwidth to beyond 500

kHz.

The balance and level control of these signals is further enhanced by active adjustment of

individual channel gains, offsets and also control of the LED light source within the

SiGNUM readhead. As a result, the inherent cyclic error (sub-divisional error, SDE) is 30nm, i.e. 0.15% of scale period. Interpolation is by CORDIC algorithm, within theSiGNUM Si interface

TheIN-TRAC reference mark is embedded in the incremental scale in the form of a dark

line. This feature is rejected by the filtering incremental optics, but detected by a split

photodetector within the readhead. With appropriate level sensing and gating circuitry this

yields a reference mark output that is bi-directionally repeatable to unit of resolution at all

speeds. Calibration of phase with respect to the analogue channel is performed automatically

on installation by the logic within the interface, which also provides comprehensive system

monitoring and set-up assistance.


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This is the I.R emitter side of the linear scale. It emits I.R rays on the photo

diode on the other side. There is also a concave lens between IR emitter and IR

receivers to read the coding on the linear scale.


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Receiver side of the linear scale encoder.

The recivers are on the other side of the PCB.


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Total view of the linear scale encoder


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The digital encoded scale inside the encoder. We can say it as the heart of the

encoder.


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PCB DESIGN STEPS IN OrCad 10.5

Entry of Schematic Diagram

Schematic diagram provides the functional flow and the graphical

representation of an electronic circuit. The entry of schematic diagram is the

first step in PCB design using OrCad.

A schematic diagram consists of:-

Electrical connections(nets)

Junctions

Integrated circuits symbols

Discrete components symbols like resistors, capacitors etc.

Input / output connectors

Power and ground symbols Buses

No connection symbols

Components reference names

Text

The Schematic Page Editor:

The schematic page editor is used to display and edit schematic pages. So that

one can parts; wires; buses and draw graphics. The schematic page editor has a

tool palette that you can use to draw and place everything you need to create


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a schematic page. One can print from within the schematic page editor, or

from the project window.

The Part editor:

The part editor is used to create and edit parts.

From the view menu of the part editor you can choose either part or package.

In part view one can:-

Create and edit parts and symbols, then store in new or existing

libraries.

Create and edit power and ground symbols, off-page connector symbols,

and title block


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Use the tool palettes electrical tools to place pins on parts, and its

drawing tools to draw parts and symbols.

The Session Log:

The session log lists the events that have occurred during the current

Capture session, includes message resulting from using captures tools. To

display context-sensitive help for an error message, put the cursor in the error

message line in the session log press F1.

The ruler along the top appears in either inches or mill meters, depending on

which measurement system is selected in the window panel. Your tab setting

are saved and used each time you start capture.


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One can search for information in the session log using the find command on

the Edit menu. You can also save the contents of the of the session log to a file,

which is useful when working with Orcads technical support to solve technical

problems. The default filename is SESSION.TXT.

The Toolbar:

Captures toolbar is dock able (that means you can select and drag the toolbar

to new location) as well as resizable, and displays tool tips for each tool; by

choosing a tool button you can quickly perform a task. If tool button is

dimmed, you cant perform that task in the current situation.

Some of the tools operate only on what you have selected, while others give

you a choice of either operating on what is selected or expanding the scope to

entire project.

You can hide the toolbar, then display it again when u need it. For hiding select

from the schematic page editors view menu, choose TOOLBAR.


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The Tool Palette:

Capture has two tool palettes: one for the schematic page editor and one for

the part editor. Both tool palettes are dock able and resizable. They can also

display tool tips that identify each tool. The drawing tools on the two tool

palettes are identical, however, each tool palette has different electrical tools

after you choose a tool, and you press the right mouse button to display a

context- sensitive pop-up menu.

The schematic page editor tool palette:

The first group of tools on the tool palette is electrical tools, used to place

electrical connectivity objects. The second group of tools is

Drawing tools, used to create graphical objects without electrical connectivity.

The part editor tool palette:


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The first group of tools on the part palette is electrical tools, used to place pins

and symbols. They have been already explained above within the schematic

page editor tools. The second group of tools is drawing tools, used to create

graphical objects without objects any electrical connectivity and is described:

Pin Tools: Place pins on part

Pin Array: Place multiple pins on part

Selecting and deselecting of objects

Once one selects an object, one can perform operations on it, include moving,

copying, cutting, mirroring, rotating, resizing, or editing. One can also select

multiple, objects and edit them, or group them in to a single object. Grouping

objects maintain relation ship among them while one moves them to another

location.

Creating Net list File

Net-list file is a document file which contains information about the logical

interconnections between signals and pins. Before one create a net list file, be

sure ones project is completed, annotated and it is free from electrical rule

violations.


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A net list file consists of nets, components, connectors, junctions, no

connection symbol, power and ground symbols.

Creation of net list in capture:

Select your design in the project manager.

From the tools, choose create net list. The net list dialog box displays.

Choose a net list format tab.

If necessary, set the part value and PCB foot print combined property

strings to reflect the information you want in the net list.

Click ok to create the net list.

In the net list file text box, enter a name for the output file. If the

selected format creates an additional file, enter its file name in the

second text box.

PLACEMENT OF LAYOUT PLUS

What is Layout Plus?

Layout plus is one part for the PCB design in which we place as well as route

the components an set unit of measurement, grids, and spacing in OrCad.

Within other soft wares you also have to place and route the components in

similar way. For the placement and routing of the components we normally

use auto-placement and auto-routing. Unfortunately, in a lot of soft wares


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some critical signals have to be routed manually before auto-routing. In layout

plus we also define the layer stacks, pad stacks and via's.

Steps for board design:

At first, we have created a net list from our schematic diagram by using

capture.

Layout plus includes design rules in order to guide logical placement and

routing. That means, load the net list into layout to create the board. Atthe same time you have to specify the board parameters.

Specify board parameters: Specifying global setting for the board,

including nits of measurements, grid, and spacing

Place components: Use the components tool in order to place manually

the components which are fixed by the system designer on the board or

otherwise use auto-placement.

Route the board: Use different routing technologies to route the board

and take advantage of push and shove (a routing technology), which

moves track you are currently routing as well as you can also auto route

the board.

Provide finishing of the board: Layout supplies an ordered progression of

commands on the auto menu for finishing your design. These commands

include design rule check, cleanup design, rename components, back

annotate, run post processor, and create reports.

The design window:


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The design window provides a graphical display of printed circuit board, it is

primary window you use when designing your board. It also provides tools

to facilitate the design process such as to update components and design

rule violation.

Main window

Method to create a board with Layout Plus:

Ensure that net list with all footprints and necessary information has

been created.


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Create a directory in which the schematic design, net list, and boar will

co-exit and put the schematic design and net list. OrCad provides a

directory for this purpose.

From the layout session frames file menu, choose New. The load

template file in the dialog box displayed.

Design window

Select the technology template (.TCH), then choose the open button and

load the net list in other box.


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Then apply the auto ECO.

If necessary, respond to link footprints to component dialog.

Draw the board outline by using the obstacle tool in the tool bar.

Setting board parameters:

There is some parameter which should be set before placing the components

on board. They are as follows:-

Set Datum

Create a board outline

Set units of measurements

Set system grid

Add mount holes

Creating of board outline:

Board outline is the graphical representation of the size of the actual PCB

board. So it is the main step in layout, to draw the board outline of the actual

size of PCB board.

Placement of components:

Placement of components means that to place the components in designed

box. A designer should follow the following steps before going for it:-


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Optimize the board for component placement.

Load the placement strategy file.

Place components on the board.

Optimize placement using various placements

Components can be placed by using two techniques:-

1) Manual placement of components

2) Auto placement of components

Choose the components tool bar button. From the pop up men, choose the

queue for placement. The components selection criteria dialog box appears.

Enter the reference designator of the components that you want to place in

the appropriate text box, and click ok. Drag the components to desired

location, place it there.

Conductor Routing in Layout:-

After placing all the components the other main step is to route the boardfrom the electrical connections between the components. One may route

board manually or automatically by auto router.

100% auto routing can be achieved only when components are placed in the

order of functional flow of electronic circuit. The main routing tool available

in OrCad is as flow:-


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Add/edit route mode

Edit segment mode

Shove track mode

Auto path route mode

Design Rule Check:-

In manual designs every thing was checked as a possible source of error.

Components sizes, hole sizes, conductor widths and clearance, land-to-hole-

ratio, board areas to be free of components, clearance to the edges, positional

accuracy and of course electrical interconnections had tad to be personally

reviewed with a great deal of care. After completing the design of printed

circuit board with the help of an EDA-Tool, a designer has again to verify the

PCB in order to find out errors. Such type of verifications/design rule check

contains beside the general verifications commonly two types:-

Physical verification

Electrical verification

Post processing:-

Post processing can be done once the design is completed in all aspects. The

common way is still a process to generate GERBER data and NCD files which

can be used for photo plotting and for steps of CNC manufacturing and PCB-

drilling.


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POWER SYSTEM DESIGN

First part of electronics ckts. is power. The main power supply is in AC but

mostly electronic ckts. work with DC. So a system is required to convert ac todc and these sources should able to produce stable supplies.

Power supplies may be used in. may be of different types such as regulated,

unregulated, smps etc.

Unregulated power supplies

These are the power supplies in which the out put is not constant. That it is

varies with input voltage, load, and also effected by the environment

conditions such as temperature, etc. so these are the variable supplies.

Commonly these supplies are not employed as there efficiency is very less.

The unregulated power can be obtained using rectifying circuit after AC

supply.

Regulated power supplies

These are the power supplies in which the output voltage is constant, i.e.

the out put voltage is independent of the input voltage, load and other

external conditions. So to obtain the regulated voltage using different

regulators. The regulator voltage is mainly the DC voltage, it may AC to or

DC to DC voltage. A better approach to power supply design is to use

enough capacitance to reduce ripple to low level, then use an active

feedback circuit to eliminate the remaining ripple and dependence of

output voltage on input, load and environment conditions. These active

devices are known as Regulators. These regulators can be used to produce

negative and positive voltage of required value.


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The voltage regulators are of three types:-

1) Constant positive voltage regulators

2) Constant negative voltage regulators3) Variable voltage regulators

Constant positive voltage regulators:- These are the regulators which are

able to produce positive and constant voltage. Some of them are given

below:-

S. no. Name of regulator Output voltage

1 LM 7805 5v

2 LM 7810 10v

3 LM 7812 12v

4 LM 7815 15v

These regulators are used according to the required voltage need.

Constant negative voltage regulators:- These are also the constant output

voltage regulator but there output is negative in polarity. These regulators are

also employed according to voltage requirements. Some of them are given

below with there outputs:-

S. no Name of regulator Output voltage

1 LM7905 -5v


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2 LM7910 -10v

3 LM7912 -12v

4 LM7915 -15v

Variable voltage regulators:- These are the regulator whose output voltage can

be varied according to the desired need. These regulators again of two types

i.e.:-

Positive

Negative

The output of these regulators can be varied by varying the resistance of the

variable resistance which is connected to the adjustable pin the regulators. So

these are the most commonly used regulators in the electronic industry as

wide range of stable voltage can be obtained from single chip by varying the

resistance connected to the adjustable pin of the regulators. The most

commonly variable regulators are:-

LM317 (it is positive regulator)

LM 337(it is negative regulator)

There description is given below:-


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LM317 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator:-

General Description:

The LM317 series of adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulators is capable

of supplying in excess of 1.5A over a 1.2V to 37V output range. They are

exceptionally easy to use and require only two external resistors to set the

output voltage. Further, both line and load regulation is better than standard

fixed regulators. Also, the LM117 is packaged in standard transistor packages

which are easily mounted and handled. In addition to higher performance than

fixed regulators, theLM317 series offers full overload protection available only

in ICs. Included on the chip are current limit, thermal overload protection and

safe area protection. All overload protection circuitry remains fully functional

even if the adjustment terminal is disconnected. Normally, no capacitors are

needed unless the device is situated more than 6 inches from the input filter

capacitors in which case an input bypass is needed. An optional output

capacitor can be added to improve transient response.

The adjustment terminal can be bypassed to achieve very high ripple rejection

ratios which are difficult to achieve with standard voltage, supplies of several

hundred volts can be regulated as long as the maximum input to output

differential is not exceeded, i.e., avoid short-circuiting the output.

Also, it makes an especially simple adjustable switching regulator, a

programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the

adjustment pin and output, theLM317 can be used as a precision current

regulator. Supplies with electronic shutdown can be achieved by clamping the


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adjustment terminal to ground which programs the output to 1.2V where most

loads draw little current.

Typical application:

Features

1. Guaranteed 1% output voltage tolerance (LM317A)

2. Guaranteed max. 0.01%/V line regulation (LM317A)

3. Guaranteed max. 0.3% load regulation (LM317)

U1

LM317/CYL

VIN3

AD

J

1

VOUT2

R1

220E

C1

.1uF

C2

.1uF

R2

5k

VOUTVIN


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4. Guaranteed 1.5A output current

5. Adjustable output down to 1.2V

6. Current limit constant with temperature

7. P+ Product Enhancement tested

8. 80 dB ripple rejection

9. Output is short-circuit protected

Packages of LM317

I


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Application Hints:

In operation, the LM317 develops a nominal 1.25V reference voltage, VREF,

between the output and adjustment terminal. The reference voltage is

impressed across program resistor R1 and, since the voltage is constant,

constant current I1 then flows through the output set

resistor R2, giving an

output voltage of

Since the 100A current from the adjustment terminal represents an error

term, the LM317 was designed to minimize IADJ and make it very constant

with line and load changes. To do this, all quiescent operating current is


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returned to the output establishing a minimum load current requirement. If

there is insufficient load on the output, the output will rise.

PROTECTION DIODES:-

When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes

necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging

through low current points into the regulator. Most 10F capacitors have low

enough internal series resistance to deliver 20A spikes when shorted. Although

the surge is short, there is enough energy to damage parts of the IC. When an

output capacitor is connected to a regulator and the input is shorted, the

output capacitor will discharge into the output of the regulator. The discharge

current depends on the value of the capacitor, the output voltage of theregulator, and the rate of decrease of VIN. In the LM317, this discharge path is

through a large junction that is able to sustain 15A surge with no problem. This

is not true of other types of positive regulators. For output capacitors of 25F


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or less, there is no need to use diodes.

The bypass capacitor on the adjustment terminal can discharge through a low

current junction. Discharge occurs when eitherthe input or output is shorted.

No protection is needed for output voltages of 25V or less and 10F

capacitance. Figure 3 shows an LM317 with protection diodes included for use

with outputs greater than 25V and high values of output capacitance.

LM337 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator:-


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General Description:

The LM337 is adjustable 3-terminal negative voltage regulators capable of

supplying in excess of 1.5A over an output voltage range of 1.2V to 37V.

These regulators are exceptionally easy to apply, requiring only 2 external

resistors to set the output voltage and 1 output capacitor for frequency

compensation. The circuit design has been optimized for excellent regulation

and low thermal transients. Further, the LM337 series features internal current

limiting, thermal shutdown and safe-area compensation, making them virtually

blowout-proof against overloads. The LM337 serves a wide variety of

applications including local on-card regulation, programmable-output voltage

regulation or precision current regulation. The LM337 are ideal complements

to the LM317 adjustable positive regulators.

Pin diagram


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Features:

1) Output voltage adjustable from 1.2V to 37V

2) 1.5A output current guaranteed, 55C to +150C

3) Line regulation typically 0.01%/V

4) Load regulation typically 0.3%

5) Excellent thermal regulation, 0.002%/W

6) 77 dB ripple rejection

7) Excellent rejection of thermal transients

8) Temperature-independent current limit


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9) Internal thermal overload protection

10) Standard 3-lead transistor package

11) Output is short circuit protected.

These two Ic's i.e. LM337and LM317are mainly used in the regulated power

supplies because using these regulator a wide range of output can be obtain

which can be varied from 0v to 30v, which is much sufficient to drive any

electronic circuit.


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Superpro 5000

The SUPERPRO includes ultra high speed programming via 32bit RISC MCUdevice. This is especially suitable for programming high capacity NAND Flash

devices

A 144 pindriver support is builtin to provide efficient programming of largepin count devices, an additional pin expander module is not necessary to

program large pincount devices.

The SUPERPRO operates with a PC for engineering purpose or in standalonemode, without a PC, for repeat production mode programming. This provides

seamless migration from engineering to production

The SUPERPRO communicates through a USB 2.0 port and operates on mostPentiumbased, IBM compatible desktop/notebook computers.

The SUPERPRO comes with a standard 48pin DIP ZIF socket and supportsoptional socket adapters to accommodate PLCC, TSOP, SOIC, SOP, QFP,

TSSOP and BGA package types.The programmer and software supports Windows XP and Windows Vista.The programmer is scheduled to support 43,000+ IC devices by the end of 2008.

Using Superpro 5000

The main SUPERPRO screen is illustrated below. Each part of the user interface is

labeled with a number and described below.


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1. The Main Menu provides access to the File, Buffer, Device, Option, Project, and

Help menus2. The Toolbar includes icons for quick access to common functions.

3. Select Device to open the Device Selection dialog box.

4. Select Buffer to open the Buffer Edit window.

5. The system displays information about the selected device.

6. The system displays information about the file currently loaded in the buffer.

7. The Operation Option toolbar facilitates setting the operation options properly.

The items correspond to the items in the Option Menu

8. The left side of the screen lists device operation functions.

9. The Operation Message Window displays the operation process, the operation

result and the historical records of information.10. The Status bar displays the menu item info, the progress of operation, and a

Cancel button

10.The Statistical Window displays statistical information

File MenuThe File menu provides access to the Load, Save, Recent Projects, and Exit

functions. Each function is described in the following sections.

Load File

There may be one or more data buffers in the device. If several data buffers aredisplayed after you have selected the device, refer to the name and the data


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manual for the meanings of the buffers.

The two data types of the device are Data (HEX/ASCII) and Fuse.

For most EPROM and SCM, the data type is Data (HEX/ASCII).The data type for PLD device is Fuse.After you select the device, the software automatically identifies the data buffer

type. You can review the buffer data types if you open the Edit dialog box for thedata buffer

When some file data are loaded into the data buffer, the following rules apply:

With a HEX/ASCII data buffer (EPROM, MCU etc.), the system assumes that 8bits of the data are valid.

With a JEDEC buffer (PLD/PAL), the system considers the lowest bit (1 bit) ofthe file data valid.

Select Load from the File menu to open the Load File dialog box, illustrated below.

The red labels refer to the numbered explanations below.

1. Select the data Buffer name from the drop down list, as illustrated below.

The default option is considered the programming zone of the device asdescribed in the data manual.

To choose between several buffers, determine the correspondingprogramming zones according to the names and the data manual.

The system loads the file data into the data buffers according to the data buffer

names.


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2. Enter the name of the data file to load in the File Name field.

First select the file type from the Files of type drop down list.

Data (HEX/ASCII data) file types can be further divided into many differenttypes according to their storage forms. You must select the appropriate file

type to ensure the data loads correctly.

The file type for Fuse data files is JEDEC and the file extension is jed. After selecting the file, you do not need to select the data file type.

3. Select the File Type from the drop down list.

4. Select one of the following File Modes from the drop down list:Normal to load the whole fileEven to load the first byte and discard the second byte out of every twobytes

Odd to discard the first byte and load the second byte out of every twobytes

1st byte of 4 to load first byte and discard the other three bytes out of everyfour bytes

2nd byte of 4 to load the second byte and discard the other three bytes outof every four bytes

3rd byte of 4 to load the third byte and discard the other three bytes out ofevery four bytes

4th byte of 4 to load the fourth byte and discard the other three bytes out ofevery four bytes

1st 2_byte of 4 to load the first two bytes and discard the other two bytesout of every four bytes

2nd 2_byte of 4 to load the last two bytes and discard the other two bytesout of every four bytes


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Edit

Select Edit from the Buffer menu to open either the Fuse Buffer Edit window or

the Data Buffer (HEX/ASCII) Edit window.

Use the following keys to edit the buffer data:

Press the Page Up key to Page up in the data window.Press the Page Down key to Page down in the data window.Press the Home key to move the cursor to the beginning of the line.Press the End key to move cursor to the end of the line.The following sample illustrates an example with two data buffers. The red labels

refer to the numbered explanations below.


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