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Argonne National Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC.
Coupled Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Modeling § Transmission and distribu.on are operated by different en..es § Increasing penetra.on of DER, increasing deployment of automa.on
devices needs coupled T&D modeling § Proposed global power flow model by master-‐slave-‐spliBng method
§ Coupled T&D system dynamics simulator − PETSc + Socket communica.on + GridLab-‐D
MODERNIZING FUTURE ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION GRIDS Modeling, Analysis, and Implementations under New Challenges
Chen Chen, Ning Kang, Shrirang G. Abhyankar, Ravindra Singh, Xiaonan Lu, Jianhui Wang Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Electric Power Distribution Grid 101 § Components in power distribu.on grids
§ Current distribu.on system opera.on principles − Power flows from transmission system (via substa.on) to serve load − Design in loop topology, operate in radial topology − One-‐way power flow − Kirchhoff voltage and current laws
§ Distribu.on u.li.es’ objec.ves − Maintain voltage within range − Protect distribu.on assets from faults − Ensure reliability of service − Minimize electrical losses
New Challenges from Grid Modernization § Changes from passive to a more ac.ve and complex distribu.on grid − Growing penetra.on of distributed energy resources (DER): two-‐way power flow
− Growing customer expecta.on for service reliability and power quality − BeVer opera.ng efficiency with exis.ng grid assets − Impact of new type of loads
§ Challenges to distribu.on u.li.es − Distribu.on automa.on − More monitor & control with smart grid − Advanced technologies integrated
Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS) § Integra.on of DER to DMS via DER management system (DERMS) § Integra.on with OMS, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), GIS § Provide advanced distribu.on applica.ons – expansion from distribu.on
SCADA system
References [1] J. Wang, X. Lu, C. Chen, “Guidelines for Implemen.ng Advanced Distribu.on Management System – Requirement for DMS Integra.on with DERMS and Microgrids”, ANL Technical Report, August 2015. [2] Z. Li, J. Wang, H. Sun, Q. Guo, “Transmission Con.ngency Analysis Based on Integrated Transmission and Distribu.on Power Flow in Smart Grid”, IEEE Transac5ons on Power Systems, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 3356 -‐ 3367, November 2015. [3] J. Wang, “Advanced Distribu.on Management Systems for Grid Moderniza.on -‐ Importance of DMS for Distribu.on Grid Moderniza.on”, ANL Technical Report, September 2015. [4] J. Wang, “Advanced Distribu.on Management Systems for Grid Moderniza.on – DMS Func.ons”, ANL Technical Report, September 2015. [5] J. Wang, X. Lu, J. T. Reilly, S. Mar.no, “Advanced Distribu.on Management Systems for Grid Moderniza.on – High-‐Level Use Cases for DMS”, ANL Technical Report, February 2016. [6] N. Kang and M. J. Mousavi, “Leveraging substa.on automa.on for faulted segment iden.fica.on,” IEEE PES General Mee5ng 2014, Washington D.C., July 2014. [7] N. Kang, M.J. Mousavi, and J. Stoupis “Leveraging Substa.on Automa.on for Distribu.on Systems” EPRI Smart Distribu5on and Power Quality Conference and Exhibi5on, CharloVe, Jun 2014.
Distribution System Faulted Segment Identification § Mo.va.on − Most distribu.on circuit faults are cleared by non-‐communica.ng fuses − Once the fuse blows, hundreds of customers lose electricity − Usually takes the crew hours to iden.fy the faulted segment to restore service
§ Our Solu.on − An automated solu.on that determines the faulted segment in real .me − Feeder head relay triggers upon a fault and starts recording fault data − Substa.on computer receives fault data, calculates the faulted segment, and
sends out email no.fica.on to operators and repair crew
Projects These related projects are sponsored by DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), and the Grid Moderniza.on Laboratory Consor.um (GMLC).
Substa.on Voltage regulator Transformer
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Example: IEEE 34-node test feeder
Pole & Capacitor bank
Sub. (IED)
AFSFSI
Faulted Area 1
Faulted Area 2
Distributed Renewables Distributed Generators Distributed Storage Controllable Loads
Electric Vehicles
ADMS integra.on structure
Typical applica.ons -‐ Topology processor -‐ Intelligent alarm
processing -‐ On-‐line power flow -‐ Short-‐circuit analysis -‐ State es.ma.on -‐ Fault loca.on, isola.on,
and service restora.on -‐ Volt/VAR op.miza.on -‐ Op.mal network
reconfigura.on -‐ Switch order
management -‐ Emergency load shedding -‐ Short-‐term load
forecas.ng
Grid moderniza.on (source: IEEE)
( )( )
0T T B
B T B B
G x , x
G x , x y
⎧ =⎪⎨
=⎪⎩
( ) 0D B DG x ,x =
State variables Injections from DPS to TPS Power flow equations
x: y: G:
TPS (Transmission Power System) DPS (Distribution Power System) Set of boundary buses that connect DPS feeders
T: D: B:
CommunicationMultiple Instances of GLD - A Sample System
G1
G2 G3
T1
T3T2
1
4
65
987
2 3
GLD
GLDGLD
Figure : 9-bus Test System with three instances of GLD interfaced
S. Abhyankar and K. Balasubramaniam Co-Simulation of Transmission and Distribution System 13 / 22
TS PETSc code
DS GridLab-‐D
Structure of coupled T&D dynamics simulator (above) An example of coupled T&D simula.on (right)