The Evolution of Smarter Electric Grids konferencija... · 2012-10-12 · The Evolution of Smarter Electric Grids: ... Renewables Global Solar PV And Wind Power Capacity ... Seamless

1 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012

The Evolution of Smarter Electric Grids:

Renewables and storage integration for a better control of the

Grid and the Supergrid

Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012

Marc Lamey Vice President Smart Grid Sales


Alstom and the Smart Grid

Smart Grid

Our Smart Grid current deployment

Key Drivers of Smart Grid Evolution

Introduction

Renewable and Grid Flexibility

Examples of Integrating Storage, DR and Controllable Devices

Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012

Clean Energy & Transport Solutions

Transport Faster, Cleaner and Less

Congestion

High-Speed Rail

Light Rail & Urban Tramways

Power Low & No-Carbon Energy

Solutions

Renewables

Efficiency Improvements

Carbon Capture & Storage

Grid Smarter, More Reliable, More

Flexible Power Transmission

Renewable Integration

Advanced Network Management

‘Evergreen’ Smart Grid Strategy


Key Global Drivers for Positive Change or Catastrophies of Epic Proportions

• Climate

• Energy

• Food

• Population

• Water

• Transportation

• Resource Constraints

The World @ “Night” in 2012


Smart Electric Grid: where energy (ET) meets information (IT)… “A permanently evolving electrical network, with a real-time, two-way flow of

energy and information, between power generation, grid operator, and end

users. It is capable of integrating all traditional and new resources: renewable

generation units (wind, solar, etc.), electrical vehicles, electrical storage, or

even entire smart cities”.

Smarter electricity systems (Source: IEA Smart Grid roadmap 2010)


3. Renewable Power – Integrate CO2 free energy

Enable renewable DER (wind, solar) grid connection & dispatch

Develop back up energy asset flexibility (generation & distributed storage)

Integrate distributed renewable, Energy Positive buildings and Electric

Vehicles

2. Affordable Power – Improve Energy efficiency across

the value chain

Maximize energy flows in constrained and aging grids

Enable end-user DERs with the energy system (“prosumers”)

Leverage information across business silos (bridging OT and IT)

Key market drivers for Smart Grids Evolution

1. Reliable Power – Maintain Grid Stability

Improved operational decision support (Asset conditions & limits)

Mitigate blackouts and outages impacts

Manage aging workforce

DER = Distributed Energy Resources

(Demand, Storage, Distributed Generation)


Renewables Global Solar PV And Wind Power Capacity Past and Future

2005 2010 2015 2030

4 GW

25 GW

54 GW

216GW

Source: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2010

2020

100GW

2005 2010 2015 2030

4 GW

25 GW

54 GW

216GW

Source: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2010

2020

100GW

1990 2000 2010 2030

2 GW

17 GW

194 GW

500 GW*

*Global Wind Energy Council, www.gwec.net

*In 2012 , Europe alone have reached the 100GW of Wind Energy

1990 2000 2010 2030

2 GW

17 GW

194 GW

500 GW*

*Global Wind Energy Council, www.gwec.net

*In 2012 , Europe alone have reached the 100GW of Wind Energy


Deployment of Variable Generation

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

% Variable Generation by Region

2010 2050

4

Smart grids will enable high penetration of variable generation while

maintaining system reliability and stability

Source: Courtesy of David Elzinga, IEA


The new system flexibility challenge: how to integrate the new renewable sources?

Renewable

Subsidy

Renewable

Connection

Renewable

Integration

FENIX Future Distributed control FENIX Future Distributed control Integrated DG FENIX Future Distributed control FENIX Future

Ca

pa

cit

y

2009 2012 2020

10%

Central

Generation

Transmission networks

Distribution networks

Central

Generation


networks

Central

Generation


Distribution

Central Generation

Transmission

networks

Flexible Supply

Intermittent

Renewable 3-5%

Central

Generation

Transmission

networks

Distribution

networks

Central

Generation

Transmission

networks

networks

Central

Generation

Transmission

networks

Distribution

Central

Generation

Transmission

networks

Flexible Supply

Pa

ss

ive

D

isp

atc

hed

Res

ou

rce

s

Intermittent

Renewable 10-15%

15-20%

Pa

ss

ive

D

isp

atc

hed

Res

ou

rce

s

Central

Generation

Transmission

networks

Central

Generation

Transmission

networks

Central

Generation

Transmission

networks

Central

Generation

Integrated

T&D Control

Zones

Flexible Supply

Intermittent

Renewable

Dis

patc

hed

Res

ou

rce

s

15-25%

Flexible

Demand & Storage 5-10%

20-25%


Affordable Power

Dispatch optimization for distributed DER

On-Line Substation Asset Management

Demand Response

Reliable Power

On-Line Stability

Digital Substations

PMUs, Wide Area Automation & Defense Plan

Renewable Power – Integrate CO2 free energy

Renewable Grid Connection : On-shore/Offshore

Connection of DERs with Control Rooms

Grid Connected Storage to Grid / Evolution to Meshed DC

Grids

Resulting Technological Impact

Evolution of end to end Platform Architectures

Seamless integration across Generation (Power), Digital

SS, DER

Layered intelligence

New Power Electronics nodes for DERs


New Virtual Power Plant/MicroGrid

A micro subsystem with generation,

storage and consumption capacity

aggregating 10-50MW interconnected

with the global energy wholesale

New Virtual Power Plant/MicroGrid

A micro subsystem with generation,

storage and consumption capacity

aggregating 10-50MW interconnected

with the global energy wholesale

Step Change #1: Grid management New cluster/microgrid balancing

Smart Energy

Positive

Infrastructures

Smart Energy

Positive

Infrastructures

Increased

energy density

during peaks

Increased

energy density

during peaks

Real-time

pricing to end

consumers

Real-time

pricing to end

consumers

Complexity to

change Grid

footprint

Complexity to

change Grid

footprint

Consumers

turning to

“Prosumers”

Consumers

turning to

“Prosumers”

Integrated

Mobility

Services

Integrated

Mobility

Services


Mix of flexible resources on the supply, delivery and demand side

Step Change #2: Grid architectures evolving towards Hybrid AC/DC Systems


13

Overlay DC Grid Gives Access to Renewable Sources within Europe

• Interconnection of remote renewable energy sources

• Overcoming “bottlenecks” in the existing AC grids

• Low loss (HVDC) transmission systems

• Controllable power flows over a wide area

• Avoidance of synchronisation over a wide area

• Less environmental impact than AC reinforcement

3000km


Supergrid : Drivers for development in EU

10% reduction in electricity

consumption due to efficiency

policies

RES to feed 30 to 36% of EU

Electricity consumption

CO2 reduction 30 to 57%

compare to 2009

Meet 20/20/20 EU

targets


Alstom Grid strategy for Smart Grids

•Leverage the strengths of our existing technology portfolio to

expand our offering – New Control Room architecture & applications

– Digital Substations, Distribution Automation & Demand Response IEDs

– MV Power Electronics (converters for Renewables and storage)

•Shape the industry vision through lobbying & Joint Customer Innovation

•Transform Smart Grid pilots into scaled-up commercial projects

•Position Alstom Grid as architect & integrator of interoperable solutions

•Access adjacent markets through Alstom Sectors and partnerships:

– Thermal plant flexibility & Offshore renewable connection: Alstom Power Thermal & Renewable

– Public Transport Energy Management: Alstom Transport

– Building, Campus & Smart City Management: Bouygues / EMBIX

Develop Innovation

Position into

new markets

Evolve Offering

& Business

Models

Long term: Reference end to end solution provider for energy utilities


Grid Automation

Grid Power Electronics

Electrical Transmission

4. Integrated Distribution Management Systems

Control Room

6. Control Room Master Data Management

1. On-Line Stability & Defense Plans

2. On-Line Asset Management

5. Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Management

10 years vision 17 critical innovation programs

3. Renewable Portfolio Management

10. Digital Substation Situation Awareness

14. Advanced HVDC Controls

15. Advanced FACTs Controls

16. Medium Size Converter for Industrial,

Solar & Storage

17. Meshed DC Grids

8. Substation Process Bus IEDs

11. Advanced Wide Area Controls

9. Substation Condition Monitoring

12. Distribution Automation IEDs

7. Smart Grid Architecture & System Integration

13. New A-Box IEDs


Energinet.dk

DRMS

EU

Cross Border

(PCI)

EU

Meshed DC

(WP2013)

EU

EMBIX

(Cooperate)

Alstom’s Curent Smart Grid Deployments: Fully Commercial & Demonsration Projects

Manitoba Hydro

On-line Stability

ERDF

DERMS (Vendée)

ERDF

DERMS (NiceGrid)

Veolia

DERMS (Reflexe)

GDF Suez

EMBIX (Greenlys)

UVSQ

EMBIX

(Smart Campus)

Sales(31)

Issy City

EMBIX (IssyGrid)

BOUYGUES

EMBIX

(Eco2charge)

BOUTGUES

EMBIX (EPIT)

MAUI

iDMS

Tres Amigas

DC Grid – VSC

(multi-terminal)

Southern

iDMS

WECC

On-line Stability

ISONE

On-line Stability

Manitoba Hydro

On-line Stability

Dunneill Wind Farm

Smart FACTS

BATTELLE

DERMS (DOE)

Duke Energy

DERMS (DOE)

PJM/Philadelphia

DERMS (Navy yard)

EDF SEI

iDMS

CFE

Digital Substation

RTE

Digital Substation

RTE

Renewable Portfolio

WPD

Distribution

Automation (Falcon)

UKPN

Distribution

Automation (FPP)

Innovation SG Pure Prototypes

CEA

Meshed DC

(Winposer)

ESB

Smart Grid VSC

(Green e-motion)

Svenska Krafnat

Cyber Security

Energinet.dk

Energinet AVR Cell

Energinet.dk

Digital Substation

Energinet.dk

On-line Stability

STEDIN

iDMS

Transpower

DRMS

SGCC

On-line Stability

GAMESA

Renewable Portfolio

MSETCL

On-line Stability

MEW - Kuwait

On-line Stability

(AFTER)

MEW - Kuwait

DERMS (e-storage)

ELIA

Digital Substation

Infrax

DERMS (Slim)

SGCC

Digital Substation

ESKOM

On-line Stability

FSK

Digital Substation

(Nadezhda)

EU

DC breakers, WAMS

(Twenties1)

EDF

DRMS (SEL)

EirGrid

DS3

(DRMS, Renewable)

DOE FOA

OSS (STRIPES)

MEW - Kuwait

DRMS

MEW - Kuwait

On-line Asset Mgt

MEW - Kuwait

iDMS

DRMS in NA (by UISOL now ALSROM)

8: PJM, CAISO, BPA, TVA, Viiridity, NVE, MISO, Portland

Commercial SG Implementation SG Stumulus founded project

SG program Design Stage


Higher Levels of Renewable Integration Requires More Flexibility

Storage

Demand

Response

Power

Electronics

Controllable

Devices

Interaction of Storage with DR and Controllable Devices Increase Flexibility

Grid

Flexibility


Interaction of Renewables, Storage and DR with Electricity Grids - Time Scales Matter

Graphic Illustration – Coutesy of Russ Philbrick


Grid Operators around the world agree on the role of storage when integrating higher levels of renewable

Smart applications integrated with power

forecast improves real-time operations and

renewable integration. However, some smart

technologies must become more efficient and

cost competitive for mass-scale deployment

to creates significant value to the grid

Respondents who have

implemented DR programs

are in systems with competitive

electricity markets,

and Storage has huge growth

potential


Energy Storage is not only for renewables: It increase the flexibility and balancing between supply and demand but it support variable RES

No Wind or little wind

Congestion issue at Distribution and Transmission level

Balancing and Market issues:

Forecasts errors Filling the gap awaiting the ramp-up of the gas / coal fired

energy Market issues: Too much Wind … zero or even negative prices Volatility in wholesale market prices, reducing the risk of

abnormal demand spikes and cost of imbalance

Storage can be “Big” and small , at Transmission , Distribution and End-user


Energy storage is one solution, with a wide range of applications..

Objective / Value For GenCo TSO DSO Prosumer

RES Integration √ Reduce imbalance risk

Capacity Firming

√ Congestion Mgt.

Differ Grid reinf.

√ Congestion Mgt.

Differ Grid reinf.

√ Autonomy

(combined to local

Prod)

Grid Reliability √ Primary Reserve

(<30sec)

√ Voltage Regulation

Frequency Regulation

Spinning reserve

(15min-2h)

Black start

√ Local Voltage

Regulation

µGrid Support

Local Balance

(Islanding)

√ Provider of

Ancillary services

Energy Efficiency √ Portfolio Optimization

Energy Time Shift

Carbon Market

√ Affordable Energy /

Cost Mgt.

(combined to DR)

The value for spans all the Energy Value chain. However each of these

individual applications do not make business sense today.

The Solution could be found through complex integration of all services

Emergence of Independent Storage Operators ?


Energy Storage outside pumped Hydro is yet a market to develop

Source Areva 2012

Installed MW

127000

450

320

4030252010

Pumped Hydro 127GW

Compressed Air 450MW

Sodium Sulfur Batteries 320MW

Lead Acid Battery 40MW

Nickel Cadmium Batteries 30MW

Flywheels

Lithium-Ion Batteries

Other batteries Including Electricvehicles

40% in Europe

Challenge for storage

Regulatory and Market issues Technological

Size up of Batteries Storage for Transmission Level

Mix of technology for a good storage mix

Security depending the Technology Optimization at different level of the grid Transmission- Distribution and End-user

level Competitive Price per MW


sec

1 min

30 min

1 hr

2 hr

10 hr

1 MW 5 MW 10 MW 500 MW 100 MW

Slow response

(> 15 min)

Med. fast

(minutes)

Fast

(seconds)

RES

Capacity firming

Energy Time Shift

Congestion Mgt.

Spinning

Reserve Black

start

Cost

Mgt. end

user

Voltage

Regulation

µGrid

(islanding)

Frequency Regulation

sec

1 min

30 min

1 hr

2 hr

10 hr

1 MW 5 MW 10 MW 500 MW 100 MW

PHS

CAES

Na-S

Li-Ion

Flywheels

SMES

SCAPS

Discharge

time

Discharge

time

Power

Response

time need

Battery technology is well adapted to the needs of the key storage applications


25

Notify

The CSP initiates a load

curtailment by sending a signal to its customers to

reduce their loads by a

specified amount.

Curtail

1:00pm – Clients

manually shut off lights and other

devices, or use an

Energy Management System (“EMS”).

Verify

The CSP verifies the status of

the load reduction among all customers until it meets the level

required by the grid operator.

Restore

3:00pm – Clients

return systems to normal operation.

Demand

Response Event

During a period of

peak capacity, the grid operator

initiates a demand

response event and calls the CSP.

A basic concept – utilities provide incentives to electricity customers to

reduce their consumption during periods of peak demand.

Demand Side Response Scheduled Curtailments

August 8, 2007

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hour Ending

Cu

rtailed

Lo

ad

(M

W)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

PJM

LM

P (

$/M

Wh

)

Economic Emergency PJM LMP

• To address the challenge of

peak demand, utilities typically

bring new generation assets

online, known as “peaker

plants.”

• Demand response offers a

faster and cheaper alternative

to peak generation.

• Utilities, grid operators, and

end users all have incentives

to adopt demand response.

Demand Response (DR): a smart grid technology


DC Grid Configurations: From In-shore Point-to-point System to Offshore Grid System


Supergrid : Toward a cross European Supergrid , the remaining barriers ..

Technological Challenges

DC protection scheme

DC fault cause rapidly changing

current in all lines (few ms!!)

Need to insure selectivity (only

faulty section to be switch off)

Need to develop new ultra-fast

autonomous protective relays

(telecommunication support not

fast enough)

DC Breaker

Need to be superfast to clear

faulty section in due time (IGBT

cannot withstand high overloads)

No zero crossing of DC current

Hybrid solution required as

mechanical drive not fast enough

Energy dissipation issues

Power flows management

AC and DC grids interaction have

to be controlled

At anytime power balance must

be = 0

Economical/Financial

Questions

Expensive installation

Massive use of converters and

cables

Need to upgrade AC grid at the

same pace

EU required investment

estimated in the range of +

100 B€

Financing scheme

Who will invest/own in the

supergrid (TSOs,

Governments,Generators

companies, Private investors)?

How revenues will be earned?

(regulated market or merchant

lines?)

What will be Return on

investment?

How to manage risk when

using innovative technologies?

How to manage huge

uncertainties on RES

deployment scenarios?

What will be impact of current

financial crisis?

Political/Socio-political

challenges

Infrastructures with higher regional value

than national

Difficult cost allocation (who will

pay what?)

Part of infrastructure will be external to EU

Political risk

Infrastructure has to insure Security of

supply

Political risk

Market could not be ready for

additional charges

Public acceptance of new infrastructures

Permitting

Right of ways

Who will be the regulating authority?

National?

Trans-national?

Multizonal?

Who will be the grid operator?

National + coordination with

neighbours?

National + Regional coordination?

Regional?


However a strong path torward the Meshed DC Grid of tomorrow is already on the way

• Alstom Grid is part of the 5 Cigré working groups B4-56 to B4-60 working on the this topic

• Initial phases of VSC HVDC multi-terminal onshore AC Grid reinforcement are already taking place in Europe (like South-West Link) and in the USA

• ALSTOM DC Grid control philosophy being refined

• Modular DC Breakers are being developed suitable for application in different HVDC schemes, the critical component is the fast acting and reliable mechanical switch

• Optimised protection strategies are being developed

• New Markets associated with DC Grids being addressed

• Current flow control is being developed

• DC-DC converter design optimisation on-going


Nice Grid – testing the future

Presentation title - 01/01/2010 - P 29

Support local balance, islanding

Active / Reactive control

Local Voltage regulation

Peak shaving, deffer grid

reinforcement


Residential

In-

Home

Displa

yA

C

HW

Commercial

Aggregatorswwwemailsmsvoip

Industrial

Markets Operations Metering Settlements

DRBizNet

DR B

usin

ess N

etw

ork

Residenti

al

customer

s

Commercial

buildings

Industries

Aggregators

Distribution

control room

Managing the peaks of

consumption with PJM

Interconnection (USA)

Demand-

Response

Manageme

nt

Demand Response management at utilities and end-customer level throughout the day

Using DRBizNet in PJM market to enable more than 7500 MW of demand response

Real-time management of consumption peaks


Alstom Deployment of Demand Response in the US

The largest production deployment of demand response management

system (DRMS) in the US

• 10= GW of demand response loads

• 1,000,000+ end-customers

• 250 + DRMS user companies

• 26+ states


Multi-Terminal VSC HVDC provides greater flexibility

The South-West Link

An example of a planned

extension to a VSC HVDC

scheme providing further

onshore AC grid

reinforcement and cross-

border power exchange


Tres Amigas Super-Station

• A Project in Development

• Multi-directional facility for renewable energy exchange between regions

• Stage 1 − Interconnection between WECC and Eastern

Interconnected System − 750 MW VSC BTB

• Future Stages − Future link with ERCOT to be added − Additional capacity for all directions − 2 x 750 MW VSC BTB − 3 x 920 MW LCC BTB

• Exposed DC Busbar for creating multi-terminal with superconductor bus

• Battery Storage included

• Auxiliary power from renewable generation

http://tresamigasllc.com/index.php

http://tresamigasllc.com/images/location-map-lrg.gif


Marc Lamey

Alstom Grid

[email protected]

Thank You

“Integrating Solar , Wind and other forms of variable generation

into the grid can be done efficiently and predictably. Energy

storage and other smart solutions which increase flexibility

are critical to satisfy growing demand and climate goals”

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

The Evolution of Smarter Electric Grids konferencija... · 2012-10-12 · The Evolution of Smarter Electric Grids: ... Renewables Global Solar PV And Wind Power Capacity ... Seamless