Toewards and idepence and formation of Malaysia The era of emergency Related to to development of communist oarty of Malaysia Creot in to malay in 1920 with kumintang party from China Primarly objective overthrow brishitsh and establish communist repilic of Malaya 1942 joint with British Malayan peoples anti Japanese army to fight afther the hapanese left they formed malaysan races liberation army MRLA to against British again and knwin as 3 stars and reaces

the era of the emergency cont no support for communist ideology becaue they did not believe in god malays communism Islamic dominated by Chinese creaed suspicion give more focus on improving the economy

Chinese several leaders establish Malayan Chinese Association MCA to show that not all chinese are communistsEnglish gov took definite tepts to wipe out communism and MCP activities

Declaratiation of emergency and emercey lawsJune 16 1948 sir Edward Gent (Bristish High Commisioner) due to killing of 3 brit estate managers in perak. Perak and Johor both due to cosntsant communist attack The June 17 1948 the whole of Malaya Give power to polce and soldiers to arrest and ddetain communist suspects to without trial. Roadblocks and curfews and regisltartion system was introduced citiens agesd 12 and above must own an id card.

The era of emergency cont British plans

The Briggs plan by sir Harold Briggs relacte the Chinese squatter areas to new village First settlement 400 villagers (started June 1 1950 in Johor) Moved them away from jugle area which were infested communist areas to secure locations.

_ Military measures by sir Gerals templas used firm minitary force English soldiers gurkhas and malays

_ Psychological warfare by Sir G Templar. Wasy citizenship for non Malay Pardoning large number of MCP memebrs who surrendered _ rewarding people who provided info, and gave out pamplets, introduve white and black area

The Baling Neogtioan mCP decided to negortiate with gov at baling kedah on 28 and 29 Dec 1955 tengku Abdul Rahman ( PM ) David Marshall and tan Chwng Lock represented aMalay gov Chin Pend Chen Tine and Rashid Mindin represented the MCP MCP requested to be legally recongnised Negotiations failed

Impact of pemergency July 3 1960 AR proclaimed the end of the emergency period MCP failure

Offensive acts against Malayan union Lack of support from Malayan peole Lack of protection from Russia and China

12 years left many negative results 9581 people killed (MCP, ordinary citien security force) 1383 injured 807 missing properties destroyed economy was crippled, tin mines rubber estates attacked. Social gap among Chinese in new villages with public facilities and malays

in traditional villages racial issue worse. Positive Results

Taught people in the country to work together British took immediate action to grant independence because the people

were so united.

Malyan Inion 1946_48British promised that ind would be granted in stanges Why they intoruced Malayan union plan

To have a more efficient admini Need for a strong united country Uniformity Malaya must be united all states. Preparation for self gov To protect british interest Introduced in April 1946

Opposition to the Malayan union _ Malays Fear of losing malay rights priviledges Criticisms of citizenship Position of sultans threatned British highhandedness: they were in a rush to do it.

Federation of Malaya Came up with another form of gov co the malays didn’t like the former Special privileges non Malays are unhappy Chinese Chamber of Commerce objected AMCJ A Tan Cheng Lock objected Federation states still retained some power

Union centralized power only little given

Effect of the federation Malay peninsula under one gov Owiers of sultan and stae councils were restored Reaction of the Malays and non Malays

Development of political Partoes MCP PKM 1930

Underground party dominated by Chinese influence of mailand china Members mostly discontedn lower working class Aim to establish communist republic of Malaya by overthrowing gov. Very successful during Japanese occupation new look MPAJA British

support marriage of convenience When British returned the cordial relationship started to strain as MCP

still keen to form communist republic c Leadership under Chin Pen an lai teck British sucesufully clamped down MCP activities.

UMNO 11 May 1946 Founded by Dato on who alter left the party when his suggestion to other races was turned down The rise of Tenku Abdul Rahman who when on to head the gov after independence who became new head of UMNO

Parties unhappy with the federation AMCJA Tan Cheng Lock PKMM Dr Burhanuddin AWAS Shsiam Fakeh API Ahmad Bestaman Putera PKMM AWAS API _ AMCJA 1947 Dr Burhanuddin Perlembagaan Rakayat) Peoples constitution British found it too radical

UMNO 11 May 1946 President dato on bin japafaar Aims to make the British withdraw the malay union To prepare the malys for their part in self government The Malayan union abolished in 1948 because the malays objected to it 148 the accepleration catalyst of malay nationalism, after the japanese.

MCA (Malayan Chinese Association) 27 Feb 1949 Tan Cheng lock first president To unite Chinese against communists to show loyalty and work alongside

with the government to protect Chines economic and political rights

MIC Malayan indian Congress 8 Aug 1946 1st president John Thivy

Formation of Malaysia by 1961 the federation of Malaysia had been indepedpendent for 4 years

Malaya had a stable gov and ther was economic ans social progress Singapore had obtained full internal Self government but still controlled

by British Sabah Sarawak and Brunei British Crown Colonial since 1946 2 May 1961 Tun ku abdul rahman prosed a merger of Malaya sabah

Sarawak and brunei to form a new country Malaysia there would be acentral government for all thse territories each territory would retain some of its powers

Siingapores desire for merging PAP came in to power in 1959 Lee Kuan Yew as Prime minister of Singapore

Reasons Economically Singapore still dependent on Malaya Because it didn’t have many natural resourcesSingapore continued to face the threat of communists

First the Malayan government was agasint the merger Because the population as maily chinse Communist activities would spread to Malaya from Singapore

Reasons for TAR proposal for the federation of Malaya Incrasing communist influence in Singapore To balance the racial composition To ecourage economic development

Proposal of the Malaysia plan Singapore sawrawak Sabah and Brunei if agreed to the Malaysian plan would get their idneoendence early In July 1961 a amalsa solidarity Consultative Committee was set up to get the opionions of the various peoples from these countris Britian The brit gov knew it had to give indepence to thse countires soonr or later It realized that the Malaysia Plan would give these territories political staility and prosperity In 1962 the British gov appointed a commission of inquiry The cobbold Commission

The Brunei Revolt Two months before the malasan agreement was signed the AUltan from Brunei decided not to join Due to tation of their oil revenue The right to a senior place among the Malay rulers 16.9.1963 the formation of Malaysia \

Th Malaysian COnstituion The head of Malaysia ‘

Malasyai ruled by parliament which would be made up of 2 houess the senate (Dewan Negara) The House of Representatives Election 5 years The head of the Malsya government is the prime minister The central gove to be at kuala lu

Presentation Choose a leader who has impressed you His ahceivements contributies His trong points weakpoints