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MALAYSIAN STUDIESFOREIGN POLICY
Introduction to Foreign Policy
13.0 Introduction
Started before independence, in the era of Melaka Sultanate
Malaysia
Siam
Arab
countries around the Malay Archipelago
ParsiJapanChina
India
• Tunku Abdul Rahman(1957-1970)
• More pro-West and anti-communism
• Tun Abdul Razak(1970-1975)• Prioritized development and social
integration
• Tun Hussein Onn(1975-1981)• Focus on cooperation for defence and security of the country
The Malaysia
n Foreign
Policy by Different Leader
Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad(1981-
2003)• Economic relations and sustained
previous policies)
• Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi(2003-2009)
• Mohd Najib Tun Razak(2009-now)
The Formation of the Foreign Policy
The Geo-strategic
Surroundings
Political Structure Demography
National Security
Historical Factors
Economic Factors
International Laws
Globalisation Factor
• Malaysia located on the sea junction
(between the Pacific Ocean
and the Hindi Ocean)
• Practises democracy
fully supports human freedom and
the well-being of the people
MALAYSIA
citizens of various races
focus on unity
respect towards human
basic rights
• Safety – an important agenda
• Malaysia is located at strategic area and needs to be secure
• More important – relationship of Malaysia
• Regarding to the historical Indonesi
a Singapore
Brunei
Foreign policy – instrumental in providing technology transfer
Export and import of Malaysia’s product
• Malaysia – a part of wider
region and
larger
world
Relationship of Malaysia with foreign countries
- preserve its importance and sovereignty
The Formation of the Foreign Policy
The Geo-strategic
Surroundings
Political Structure Demography
National Security
Historical Factors
Economic Factors
International Laws
Globalisation Factor
The Objective of the Foreign Policy
To maintain and defend Malaysia’s
independence, sovereignty and
security
To maintain, defend and advance the
importance of Malaysia in the
international arena
To defend and develop the rights,
needs and aspirations of Malaysia in all
aspects
To instill good relationships and
improve cooperation with each other
countries
To embrace the principle of respecting
independence and sovereignty of the
region, through a non-intervention policy on the internal affairs of
other countries
To handle the progress and challenges in terms of politics,
economy, security and social aspects at the international level
The Role of the Foreign Ministry
To manage mutual, regional
and multiple relations with
foreign countries and international
bodies
To promote investment and
trade with foreign countries
To conduct activities that
extend and relay the country’s image abroad
To organise and manage support
activities including
service, public administration, finance, consul,
security and communication
Government agency that
has been given the authority
and mandate to manage
Malaysia’s relationship with
other foreign countries
The Priorities Of Malaysia’s Policy
THE PRIORITIE
S
KSS
EAEC
8 August 1967 in Bangkok
.
Cooperation
SocialPolitic
Economy
The Association of the South East Asian Nations
Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.
10 Countries
ASEAN
8 August 1967 in Bangkok
The Association of the South East Asian Nations
10 Countries
Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.
Cooperation
SocialPolitic
Economy
ASEAN
ASEAN
ASEAN Industrial
Complementation 1981
ASEAN Industrial
Joint Ventures
ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) in
1992
ASEAN Industrial
Project 1976
ECONOMY
BACK
ASEAN
8 August 1967 in Bangkok
The Association of the South East Asian Nations
10 Countries
Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.
Cooperation
SocialPolitic
Economy
ASEAN
8 August 1967 in Bangkok
The Association of the South East Asian Nations
10 Countries
Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.
Cooperation
SocialPolitic
Economy
ASEAN
Treaty of Amity and Cooperation
in Southeast Asia 1976
Declaration of ASEAN
Concord 1976
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) 1994
Treaty on the Southeast Asia
Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone
Zone of Peace, Freedom an
d Neutrality
(ZOPFAN) 1971
POLITIC
BACK
ASEAN
8 August 1967 in Bangkok
The Association of the South East Asian Nations
10 Countries
Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.
Cooperation
SocialPolitic
Economy
ASEAN
8 August 1967 in Bangkok
The Association of the South East Asian Nations
10 Countries
Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.
Cooperation
SocialPolitic
Economy
ASEANSOCIAL
ASEAN Socio-Cultural
Community
ASEAN Youth
DayASEAN Committee on Women (ACW) in 2002
Vientienne Action Programme (VAP)
BACK
ASEAN Games
ASEAN
8 August 1967 in Bangkok
The Association of the South East Asian Nations
10 Countries
Cooperation
SocialPolitic
Economy
Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.
THE PRIORITIE
S
KSS
EAEC
OIC
The Organization Of The Islamic Conference
57 Countries
Join in 1969
Invested in a few countries such as Petronas in Iran
Develop education among the Muslims
Malaysia is the most advance Islamic country
Malaysia had hosted various conferences & important meetings
Malaysia was given mandate in enabling & pioneer ‘The Eminent Persons Group.’
Malaysia has also held OIC Special MeetingLead the OIC Delegation & to meet Quartet Members
Role of Malaysia
in OIC
THE PRIORITIE
S
KSS
EAEC
The Association of Former British-Colonised Countries
• Joined after gained independence in 1957
• Consist of 50 countries
COMMONWEAL
TH
Commonwealth Plans
The establishment of a monetary fund.
The management of forestry and agriculture.
Reduction of sea pollution.
Overcoming the problem of the thinning ozone layer.
Main Goal
Good Friendship & Unity
Economic Development
Defence, Education
Legislation among all countries
THE PRIORITIE
S
KSS
EAEC
UN
THE PRIORITIE
S
KSS
EAEC
NAMNON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT
PURPOSE
• Serves as the reaction to the battlefield of two giants
• neutral
• Role of providing credible leadership by way of:
A)Representing the countries
B)Taking practical and effective measures
Malaysia’s accomplishments
• After the cold war
• Stimulate unity and cooperation among the countries who are under pressure form much more advanced countries
• Promote and consolidating the mechanism of multi-directional diplomacy
• Ability to express views and promote the interest of developing countries(politics,economy,trades)
THE PRIORITIE
S
KSS
EAEC
KSSSOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION
Purpose
• To protect the economic needs of developed countries and to avoid the pressure from advanced countries
• Pressure comes in form of market domination from developed countries
Resolution for KSS as proposed by Malaysia
• Improving the economic condition
• Overcome the price inflation of raw materials
• Find ways to pay off the debts of developing countries
• Setting up the KSS to propose the suggestions to be avoid pressure from developed countries
THE PRIORITIE
S
KSS
EAEC
EAECEast Asia Economic
Cooperation
Status
• Become clearer, especially in an ever changing world.
• Economic situation was aggravated after the 11/9 incident.
• Joined by countries such as Korea, Japan, China and South Korea.
• USA not happy because this movement has been rendered sufficient to encourage trade in that region.
THE PRIORITIE
S
KSS
EAEC
EACAsean Economic
Community
PURPOSE
• Enable the flow of items, services, investments and capitals to be more efficient and thus emerge as an appealing investment centre with the formation of one market and a great producing centre.
Common characteristics between EU and EAC
• Various level of capacity
• Small and dense in population
• EAC has become a respectable regional organisation
• EAC can generate a regional group that is peaceful, prosperous and advanced and will aid in the development of all citizens in this region
THE PRIORITIE
S
KSS
EAEC
CURRENT ISSUE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATION
Relationship with ASEAN
3.
• Malaysia have made contribution to bring peace , prosperty, and economic growth ASEAN region and to the country
2
• There have been no conflict or use of military power to resolve mutual conflict among the ASEAN countries and even with other neighbouring nation.
1• The founder of ASEAN vision on unification
have materialised through politic stability
4
• Since ASEAN started , ASEAN has grown exponently and has potential to succes in field of economic and politic.
GlobalisationNowadays ..
advances in communication technology
Easy of interaction.
Malaysia still… (cont)• Joint-venture , trade unions, and smart
partnerships with other countries at government and private level.
•Assist the less developed counties to reduced gap between rich and poor countries.
• However• Globalisation may erode the freedom of a country to make own decision in carrying out country’s various agendas.
Problems of violence• The attack of USA on 11 Sept 2001 left a profound
effect on the world.
• The world should pay attention to the injustice and oppression that have taken.
• For extremist in Islamic world, one of the main drives for anyone to commit violence and terrorism is to project their response towards the action done by ISRAEL in attacking the PALESTINIAN
• Malaysia opines that as long as the desire of Palestinian is not achieve , the terrorism is not going to wane.
• Malaysian citizen must grateful as Malaysia to gain and mandate by other countries as a “moderate Islamic country which hold firmly the true sense of moderation in the teaching of Islam.
THE IMPACTS OF INTERNATIONAL
ISSUES
EFFECTS ON THE EFFORTS TO COMBAT INTERNATIONAL
VIOLENCE
US and its allies had given
Negative effects on the efforts of the international community that go against
international violence.
EFFECTS ON THE EFFORTS TO COMBAT INTERNATIONAL VIOLENCE
These negative impact are still felt by the people and communities , especially from West Asia.But what our government want most is the mutual relation between Malaysia and the US remains and continues.
EFFECTS ON THE BLOCKADE UPON IRAQ
Had automatically provided ‘victory’ to the US
Cancellation on the blockade bring profits to US
US firms with their allies are expected to monopoly the concession in oil and gas.
Malaysia does not want UN to agree with US actions against Iraq.
Malaysia had to comply and ready to provide assistance for the people of Iraq.
BENEFITS OF FOREIGN POLICY TO MALAYSIA
Benefit
MILITARY
TECHNOLOGY
SOCIAL
POLITIC
ECONOMY
MILITARY
Malaysia get the help from several foreign countries;
-Australia
-New Zealand
in military training and weapon exchange technology
This will improve our army in maintaining peace of our country .
TECHNOLOGY
• Malaysia gets many exchanging knowledge
with the engineers from countries like Japan.
• This sharing of knowledge had help Malaysia
came out with own product of automotive
named PROTON SAGA by PROTON .
• Petronas Twin Tower (KLCC) is also the
outcome from the effort of exchanging
knowledge and technology
SOCIAL
• Malaysia get to involve in helping disaster victims.
• Malaysia is one of the members in The
Organization of Islamic Council (OIC).
• Malaysia is also among the countries members of
United Nation (UN).
POLITIC
• Diplomatic relationship become more stable and condusive for each members.
• Can maintain peace and harmony politically
• Can increase allies in improving political system in each country.
• Improve skills of managing a country
ECONOMY
• Malaysia is one of the country that is a must for tourist to visit if they wish to be in Asia.
• Malaysia’s tourism sector had improve from year to year.
• Malaysia also has a lot of foreigner that invest in Malaysia.
• Many of them love to do business in this country because of the wide market and peace that we had.
-THE END-