Presentation 1 - malaysian studies

8/4/2019 Presentation 1 - malaysian studies

1/26

Society is a grouping of individual, whichis characterized by common interest

Society can be explained as an organizedgroup of people associated together forreligious, cultural, political, patriotic, or

other purposes

In a society, members can be fromdifferent ethnics groups

MalaysianStudies (220911)


2/26

g p

Each group holds by its own religion,culture and language, ideas and ways

As individuals they meet, but only in themarketplace in buying and selling

He made this observation when he was inBurma or Myanmar


3/26

International Relations -> country refers asnation-state = 1 nation/race country

Japan = Japanese, China = Chinese, Serbia=Serbs

Malaysia ?? Multiracial/plural society/melting pot/rojak

Consists of many races and ethnics


4/26

14 749 378 total Malay population in2010

The largest race in the countryAccording to the Federal Constitution, all

Malays are MUSLIM, speak BAHASAMELAYU, and embracing MALAY

CUSTOMS


5/26

Malays are the poorest (5.3%), Chinese(0.6%), and Indian (2.5%)

Poverty among the Malays is oftenrelated with occupation :

Agriculture & traditional sectors

Low productivity

Failure to incorporate latest technology


6/26

Poverty also related with the living areaLive in rural areas

Live backward states less endowed with physical, social

and economic amenities

British policyUltimately left the Malay in the rural area and involved

in traditional economy activitiesDenied the Malay involvement in modern economic

activities (participated by non Malays)


7/26

Malays are strong in the political senseSince 1946, the Malays were the dominant

prime movers in Malaya/MalaysiaUMNO and PAS


8/26

Most Malays live in villages strong social

ties and strict social control toward the

behavioral of an individual

Only Malays in urban areas seem to

experience a loose pressure on social control

Malay are described as humble people, to be

even tempered, able to control themselves


9/26

Seldom to vent anger and avoid beingfrank

So it is difficult to understand theirfeelings, attitudes, views, and convictions

Always misunderstood by others


10/26

Second largest group 6 520 559

Can be traced back to the period of early

Melaka

Most immigrants came from southern China,

mostly (province of Fujian and Guangdong)

In the 19 th century, many came as coolies

work in tin mining and railway construction


11/26

Some owned businesses

Some by force, some came freely to workThe factors that led the Chinese migrate to

Malaya :Difficulties living in China

Rapid growth in population

Frequent natural disaster, limited natural resources

Growth in tin and rubber industry in MalayaExpanding in rubber and tin industries created a need for

work forces



12/26

Political stability in MalayaMalaya were in a state of stability under British ruleThis stability caused the economy to improve and acquire

many workers

Migration facilitiesImprovement of the transportation like steamship and

also immigration agents made migration easier


13/26

Chinese populationThe people from Guangdong and Fujian are said to be

hardworking and like travelling

The main clusters are Hokkien, Hakka,

Teochew, and HailamDiffers in dialect, customs, economic

specialization and living areaEven hostile towards each other



14/26

Stereotype belief that Chinese arebusiness-minded

Because relatively few Chinese couldacquire land for agriculture, many of them

involve in business and craftsmenLargest community as architects and

accountants


15/26

Most of the Chinese activities were small,

family-type businessBased on sub-ethnic groups : Hokkien-

bussinessman, shopkeeper, Cantonese-miners,craftsman (carpenter, cobbler, iron smith),

Hailam-restaurant owner, supplies household

need, and Teochew-shopkeeper, farmer


16/26

Chinese were not allowed to be involved in

politics during World War 2

There were less interest in politics from the

Chinese community

MCA was formed by the English educated

ChineseLabour Party, Peoples Progressive Party, and

Peoples Action Party


17/26

Most Chinese are believe in Taoism and

Buddhism but many of them are Christian now

Most of the culture based on Taoism and

Buddhism

The Chinese can be divided according the

dialect group such as Hokkien, Hakka andCantonese

The Mandarin is the official language


18/26

Third largest ethic group in Malaysia

1 969 343

Mostly migrated from South India during the

British colonisation of Malaya

Settled during the 19 th century

Brought by agent through contract system

(3years). Then it change to kangani system


19/26

Kangani system-supervisors of plantation

labourers bring in worker from their village inIndia. No contract-but need to pay back

expensesMany worked in rubber estate, built the

infrastructure or worked as administrators

and small businessmen


20/26

Factors that encouraged the migration ofIndian :

Difficulties living in IndiaLand for agriculture and work opportunities were scarceRapid increase in populationNatural disaster-farmer lost their land and in debtDifficult for employment for those who educatedCaste system restrict the social mobility


21/26

Rapid economy development in MalayaRubber industries need workers

Encouragement from British governmentEncourage the migration of Indian to work in the

plantation, civil service (clerical and technical) andconstruction (building and road)

The immigrants consist of Tamils, Malayalis, Telegus andSikhs

They concentrated in west of Malaya.e.g : KL, Ipoh, Penang, Klang, Taiping


22/26

Malayan Indian Population

TamilLargest ethnic group (80%)Worked in rubber estates and oil palm plantation

Malayali (7%)Consist the working and middle classFound in plantation and middle class clerical and

professional employmentFamous for their restaurant


23/26

Telegu (4%)Mostly worked as labourers in plantation

SikhFrom PunjabWorked as police and railway station officers, security

guardMany had involved in business and professional fields


24/26

Majority had low income, involve in lowskill or unskilled occupation

Mostly remained in the plantationeconomy as labourers

Some own grocery, book and textile storeand few in medical and legal profession


25/26

The patterns of Indian political activitiesin Malaya were quite similar in India

The opposition by the citizens of Indiaagainst the British influenced the political

activities of Indians in MalayaThe main political party is Malayan Indian

Congress (MIC)


26/26

They can be differentiate in term of origin,language, caste and religion

South Indian descent speak Tamil

Their religion Hinduism, Sikhism, Christian

and Islam

Documents

Presentation 1 - malaysian studies