IR. MOHAMAD ZAINI BIN BAKAR

UNIT REKABENTUK BANGUNAN AM 1

CAWANGAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

IBU PEJABAT JKR MALAYSIA, KUALA LUMPUR

TARIKH : 15-16 APRIL 2014

TEMPAT : CAW.KEJ.MEKANIKAL, IBU PEJABAT KUALA LUMPUR

Berkenalan :

Siapa yang biasa design

dan buat pengawasan ?

SISTEM COLD WATER

PLUMBING

DIKATAKAN ANTARA

YANG MUDAH DAN

SENANG DI DALAM

PEMBINAAN

SESUATU PROJEK

UTG

MEMBERI KEFAHAMAN AKTA,STANDARD, CODE YANG BERKAITAN DIGUNAPAKAI

KEFAHAMAN KONSEP DAN REKABENTUK

PERBEZAAN SKOP REKABENTUK ANTARA MEKANIKAL DAN CIVIL

MENGETAHUI KEPERLUAN PIAWAIAN DAN PIHAK BERKUASA

MENGETAHUI KONSEP DAN PRINSIP

REKABENTUK SISTEM BEKALAN AIR DAN SANITARI DALAMAN

BOLEH MEREKABENTUK SISTEM BEKALAN AIR DAN SANITARY DALAMAN…

SAYA JAMIN 150% ANDA SEMUA BOLEH DESIGN SELEPAS INI…………………

PIPE SIZING

TANK SIZING

PUMP SIZING

………ITU JE KE

????????...............

WATER SERVICE S INDUSTRY ACT-

LAWS OF MALAYSIA (act 655)

BS 6700/BS 8558:2011

Malaysia Standard.. ..UC

SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA

(SPAN)-Uniform technical guidelines

GUIDE TO WATER SUPPLY RULES-JKR LOCAL WATER AUTHORITY

` www.span.gov.my

PLUMBING ENGINEERING

SERVICE DESIGN GUIDE

COMPLIED AND PUBLISHED BY:-

THE INSTITUE OF PLUMBING

CARRIER SYSTEM

DESIGN MANUAL–PART 3

PIPING DESIGN

SEDIAKAN LUKISAN TENDER CWS UNTUK DITENDER BERSAMA DENGAN KONTRAKTOR UTAMA

BQ TIDAK DISEDIAKAN KECUALI ADA SKOP PENTING HENDAK DIMASUKKAN

LULUS LUKISAN PEMBINAAN/KERJA YANG DISEDIAKAN OLEH KONTRAKTOR UTAMA

(HODT MEKANIKAL-SPK JKR-ISO-9001)

TARIKH :10 JUN 2008

KITCHEN FIRE FIGHTING

CIVIL

MEKANIKAL

ELEVATED WATER TANK

LUKISAN PEMBINAAN/SHOP DRAWING/LUKISAN KERJA MASIH KURANG JELAS

SIAPA BUAT LUKISAN PEMBINAAN/KERJA/SHOP

SIAPA YANG PERLU LULUS LUKISAN SIAPA AKAN BUAT PENYELIAAN DITAPAK DAN BAYARAN INTERIM

PERLU KELULUSAN PIHAK BERKUASA

1. YANG MANA SKOP MEKANIKAL? 2. SEBAB APA TIDAK ADA TANGKI

SEDUTAN…? 3. BOLEH ATAU TIDAK …KALAU TIDAK

GUNA TANGKI AIR SIMPANAN? 4. KENAPA TIDAK ADA PAIP KE BILIK AIR?

PUMP TANK

Tandas(Wanita)

Tandas(Lelaki)

OKUTandas

OKUTandas

ruang servis

TANDAS LELAKI DAN TANDAS WANITA Pantry, water fountain, kitchen, lanskap,bilik mandi(shower)

1 OWNER/CLIENTS decide on the type of building, allocate budget etc.

2 ARCHITECT- prepare complete set of preliminary architect drawing that includes proposed size service shaft, plant room etc.

3 MECHANICAL- Responsible design and prepares tender drawing

4 CONTRACTOR/PLUMBER- responsible supply , install, testing commissioning and prepare working and as built drawing

SERVIS SHAFT UNTUK PIPE/DROPPER

RUANG TANGKI AIR YANG MENCUKUPI

KERJA-KERJA CWS BERMULA SEBAIK SAHAJA GROUND FLOOR/BEAM BERMULA

Step 1 Water demand estimation

Step 2 System design

Step 3 Equipment layout

Step 4 Location and sizing of main supply riser and dropper

Step 5 Detail piping layout and schematic drafting

Step 6 Pipe sizing

Mainly three(3) methods are being used

Based on local water authority (e.g SYABAS)

Base on rule 224 (Guide to water supply rules and panduan kaedah-kaedah bekalan air- Cawangan Bekalan air JKR) ◦ - By Building ◦ - By People ◦ - By Fitting ◦ - By Area

(iii) Based on actual recording of daily consumption ( used for hospital)

NOTA: TIDAK TERMASUK ‘FIRE FIGHTING REQUIREMENTS

Water Estimation base on…

SUMBER :PBAPP SDN BHD

BUILDING CONSUMPTION/DAY

HOTELs 270 LITERS/RESIDENT

OFFICES WITHOUT CANTEEN

70 LITERS/PERSON

OFFICES WITH CANTEEN

90 LITERS/PERSON

RESTAURANTS 14 LITERS

FITTINGS CONSUMPTION/FITTING/DAY

SHOWER(SH) 450-900 LITERS

SLIPPER BATH 900 LITERS

WATER CLOSET(WC)

180 LITERS

LAVATORY BASIN(WCT)

90 LITERS

SINK(WB) 90 LITERS

URINAL(IR) 180 LITERS

BED PAN WASHER 180 LITERS

WASH-UP SINK 225 LITERS

Satu blok asrama akan dihuni oleh 120 orang

pelajar. Kirakan keperluan air harian (daily water requirement) untuk blok ini.

Jawapan : Keperluan (berdasarkan jumlah penghuni) = 120 (orang) x 180 liter/hari = 21,600 liter/hari = 4,800 gallons/hari

Kirakan keperluan air harian untuk bangunan pejabat 16 tingkat yang akan dibina. Diberi setiap tingkat :-

4 wash basin (WB),

2 urinal (UR),

4 water closet (WC) dan

4 water closet tap (WCT).

Jawapan :

Keperluan

(berdasarkan jumlah pemasangan)

= 4x(WB) + 2x(UR) + 4x(WC) + 4x(WCT)

= 4x(90) + 2x(180) + 4x(180) + 4x(90)

= 1,800 liter/hari/tingkat.

= 28,800 liter/hari

Untuk bangunan di dalam contoh 2, keperluan air sehari ialah 28,800 liter. Kirakan kapasiti tangki sedutan dan tangki simpanan. Gunakan tangki FRP.

Jawapan: Panel FRP: 1200mm(P) x 1200mm(L), Tangki sedutan 1/3 keperluan sehari, = 1/3 x 28,800 = 9,600 liter Saiz tangki = 3 panel (P) x 1 panel (L) x 2 panel (T) = 3.60m x 1.20m x 2.40m = 10, 895 liter (nominal) (-)Pampasan untuk TWL (125mm) dan BWL (50mm) = 10, 895 – 781 = 10,114 liter kapasiti sebenar (ok).

Dewan komuniti

300 orang , rules 224

Luas lantai 30 m x 40 m ( 10 LETER/M2, 12,000 liter)

Bilik air 2nos (5 nos WC,10 wash basin, 5 tap) 180 x 15= 2700 liter +90x 5=450 L….total =3150 liter

Dapatkan saiz tangki air yang sesuai

Jawapan :…………………….

Implikasi :………………..

The questions normally arise are:

Size of storage tanks

Is suction tank required

Size of suction tank

Size of roof storage tank

Tank Location

Pneumatic Hydro Pump for flush valve

Tank Sizing

Storage capacity should not less than one day

For High rise building/insufficient pressure a suction tank and roof tank is introduced.

Suction tank= 1/3 of total demand

Roof tank = 2/3 of total demand

Tank size should reflect net capacity not nominal capacity

Nota : isometrik lebih baik SKIMATIK PIPING LAYOUT

Basic Parameters to understand :-

Velocity (m/s)

Flowrate ( L/s)

Friction loss/pressure drop( meter head)

Basic continuity equation laminar flow Q= VELOCITY X AREA

To provide a safe and healthy supply

To provide adequate pressure to all plumbing fixtures/fitting e.g water closet, tap, basin, shower, sink etc

To provide optima pipe size

PIPE FRICTION LOSS (UNIT METER HEAD ATAU KAKI HEAD/METER RUN/FEET RUN)

PANJANG PAIP SEBENAR (ACTUAL LENGTH , UNIT METER ATAU KAKI)

PANJANG PAIP SETARA /EQUIVALENT LENGTH,( UNIT METER ATAU KAKI)

STATIC HEAD (UNIT METER HEAD ATAU KAKI HEAD)

RESIDUAL HEAD(UNIT METER HEAD ATAU KAKI HEAD)

AVAILABALE STATIC HEAD(UNIT METER HEAD ATAU KAKI HEAD)

FRICTION LOSS DUE TO FITTINGS(UNIT METER HEAD ATAU KAKI HEAD

LOADING UNITS

LOADING UNITS: Loading units are factors taking into account the flow rate at the appliance, the length of time in use and the frequency of use. Head loss in fitting and valve Should be expressed as the loss of head through an equivalent length of pipe. Approximation may be made by adding an equivalent length as percentage of actual length to cover all head losses in pipe fitting. Percentage added 10% hingga 40% depending on the complexity of the pipe layout Sumber : BS6700

SUMBER : PLUMBING ENGINEERING SERVICE DESIGN GUIDE

Sumber: GUIDE TO WATER SUPPLY RULES & PANDUAN KAEDAH-KAEDAH BEKALAN AIR CAW.BEKALAN AIR Ibu Pejabat JKR

Velocity vs LU/Q

SUMBER : GRAPH 4: PLUMBING ENGINEERING SERVICE DESIGN GUIDE

SUMBER : MWA GUIDELINES FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM /BS6700

Q & A

‘SCREW IT’…LET’S DO IT’

…………..’RICHARD BRANSON’

STAGE DESCRIPTION

1 Prepare pipework diagram

2 Enter pipe reference on calculation sheet

3 Determine the loading units for each length of pipe

4 Convert loading unit to design flow rate

5 Starting from the source and using a straight pipe

6 Determine the vertical distance between inlet and outlet

7 Determine the available head

8 Measure the actual of pipe

9 Determine the effective length of the pipe

10 Determine the actual head loss

11 Determine an equivalent length of pipe

12 Deduct actual head loss

13 Residual pressure

stage

1 LUKISAN ARKITEK MUKTAMAD( FLOOR PLAN DAN JUGA ELEVATION

2 LALUAN PAIP SEBENAR (DESIGNER)

3 BUAT LUKISAN SKEMATIK (DESIGNER)

4 LOKASI TANK SEBENAR (DESIGNER)

5 TENTUKAN LALUAN PAIP YANG PALING ‘WORST’ (bukan paling jauh)

6 TENTUKAN TEKANAN YANG DIPERLUKAN DI ’DRAW-OFF OULET’

KUIZ: Q TAP=……L/S ( 0.05 L/s), V=0.8m/s

Q WC =…….L/S Dia pipe=…….mm(50mm)????

TOILET 1

TOILET 2

TOILET 3

TAP FLOW RATE (L/S)

LOSS OF HEAD (M)

EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTH (M)

NOMINAL SIZE ½”(15MM)

0.15 0.5 3.7

NOMINAL SIZE ½”(15MM)

0.20 0.8 3.7

NOMINAL SIZE ¾”(20MM)

0.30 0.8 11.8

NOMINAL SIZE 1”(25MM)

0.60 1.5 22.0

SUMBER : BS6700 Table 22 Kuiz : Kalau tap lebih besar 25mm ?

Demand unit/loading Unit(LU)…. Base medium frequency use

Table 14 plumbing engineering services design guide (nota)

QUANTITY LU /APPLIANCE SUB-TOTAL LU

TOILET 1 SHOWER BASIN WC

1 1 1

3 2 2

3 2 2

7

TOILET 2 SHOWER BASIN WC

1 1 1

3 2 2

3 2 2

7

TOILET 3 SHOWER BASIN WC

1 1 1

3 2 2

3 2 2

7

GARDEN TAP 1 1 1 1

TOTAL (LU)

22

Size the pipe within each toilet

Demand (LU) for each toilet = 7 LU

Assume friction loss between 0.03 m wg/m run till 0.05m wg/m run …..take 0.03 m wg/m run

Refer graph 4:-

Flow rate= 0.26 l/s

Pipe dia.= 25mm -32mm (take 32mm)

Velocity= 0.5 m/s

quiz: why assume friction loss between 0.03-0.05 ?

7 LU

0.03m wg/m run

Pipe size=25-32mm OD V=0.5-0.75 m/s Q=0.25L/S

V=0.5m/s

Repeat the same process for each branch of distribution pipe to each appliance group, FROM GRAPH 4 we get:-

Branch LU Q(l/s) Pipe

Dia.(mm) Velocity (m/s)

Tap 1 0.07 20 <0.5

BASIN 2 0.12 20 0.5

SHOWER 2 0.12 20 0.5

REFER SCHEMATIC .. SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY

FROM THE SOURCE WE HAVE TO SERVE 3 TOILTES AND 1 TAP

LET’S SIZE THE PIPE SIZE BETWEEN NODE

(A) TO (B)

FROM GRAPH 4

NODE LOADING (LU) Q(L/S) PIPE DIA.(MM)

(A-B) 22 0.5 40

(C-D) 15 0.38 40

(E-F) 8 0.28 32

(G-H-I) 7 0.25 32

FINISH, PIPE SIZING ……BOLEH TENDER…?

Check pressure availability of gravity system node A to node K (worst case)

Vertical gravity static head

3.0 m head

Vertical nett difference 3.5-1.0 m head

STATIC HEAD AVAILABLE 2.5 M HEAD

Pressure head loss calculation via equivalent length method. Worst hydraulic case is from Node A to B to K

NODE PIPE SIZE FITTING TYPE EQUIVALENT IN FEET

EQUIVALENT IN METER

QUANTITY OF FITTING

TOTAL QUANTITY LENGTH IN METER

A-B

40MM 40MM

ELBOW VALVE

4.5 0.95

1.37 0.29

3 1

4.11 0.29

B-K 40MM 32MM 32MM 32MM 32MM 20MM 20MM

TEE REDUCER VALVE ELBOW REDUCER VALVE ELBOW SHOWER HEAD

9 2.75 0.8 3.5 3 0.5 2 5

2.74 0.84 0.24 1.07 0.91 0.15 0.61 1.52

1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1

2.74 0.84 0.24 3.21 0.91 0.15 0.61 1.52

TOTAL 14.62 METRE RUN

WE ESTABLISH THE;-

Earlier we assume pipe friction loss=0.03m/meter run

Therefore loss due to pipe and fitting:

=34.62 meter run x 0.03 m/meter run

=1.04 m head

Node A to K

Fitting equivalent lenght 14.62 meter run

Actual pipe lenght 20 meter run (5+5+3.5+2.5+2.5+1.5)

Total equivalent lenght 34.62 meter run

FINALLY CHECK: AVAILABALE PRESSURE AT ‘OUTLET’ AFTER CONSIDER ALL THE

LOSSES

THEREFORE DESIGN PIPE IS ACCEPTABLE

STATIC HEAD AVAILABLE 2.5 M HEAD

PIPE LOSSES 1.04 M HEAD

BALANCE PRESSURE 1.46 M HEAD…… O.K OR K.O = O.K

DIAMETER OF DISTRIBUTION PIPE

DIAMETER OF BRANCH PIPE

4” 3” 2 ½” 2” 1 ½” 1” ¾” ½”

100 mm 1 2 4 6 12 30 60 180

80 mm 1 1 3 6 16 30 87

65 mm 1 2 3 12 31 48

50 mm 2 6 12 32

40 mm 1 3 6 16

32 mm 2 4 10

25 mm 1 2 6

20 mm 1 3

15 mm 1

Q & A

Pressure Test : 1.5 working pressure

Duration : 24 hrs

Method : pressurised by hydraulic pump

Pressure drop shall not exceed 5 % test pressure

Sumber : spec cold water JKR section 2

En. Zaini, bagi contoh soalan yang senang cuba bagi contoh projek yang susah susah . Masa buat kerja sebenar kita tidak akan jumpa sistem yang mudah macam ini…? ’dialog

FILEM hantu kak limah balik kampung’

En.Zaini, bagaimana pula jika ada ‘Flush Valve ‘ untuk tandas-tandas, adakah kiraan pipe saiznya sama saja. ? Waktu bila perlu guna ‘flush valve’

En.Zaini ,bagaimana pula hendak kira paip yang guna pam penggalak ?

En.Zaini ,banyak sangat rujukan perlu rujuk, kadang-kadang keliru mana satu yang

boleh dirujuk?

En.Zaini, material jenis apa yang paling bagus untuk ‘Internal Coldwater Plumbing? En.Zaini, adakah cara lain yang paling cepat untuk buat saiz paip. Kalau nak kira-

kira satu-satu macam En Zaini buat , saya ingat sebulan pun belum tentu boleh siap? En.Zaini, macam mana hendak buat anggaran kos untuk cold water plumbing?