WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY NEEDS IN VIETNAM

MR. NGUYEN MINH CUONG, DEPUTY DIRECTOR,

DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY (ISD)

VIETNAM ENVIRONMENT ADMINISTRATION (VEA)

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CONTENT

Situation of industrial wastewater management

Treatment Technological Needs

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Environmental Science Institute - ESI 3

Status of discharging

Industrial zones: Total wastewater is 450.000 m3/day/night, projected 600.000m3. Treatment capacity: 630.000m3Industrial complexes: 610/660 operating complexes.

Craft villages: ~ 500 villages, no data of wastewater discharging

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Environmental Science Institute - ESI 4

Status of treatment

Industrial zones: 75% of operating industrial zones (212/283) completed centralised wastewater treatment system (treated 60% of total wastewater discharged by 212 industrial zones)Industrial complexes: 5% of operating industrial complexes have centralised wastewater treatment system

Craft villages: few have wastewater treatment systeminstalled

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Environmental Science Institute - ESI 5

Automatic monitoring system

Industrial zones: 38,6% of industrial zones have automatic monitoring system

Industrial complexes: No automatic monitoring system installed

Craft villages: No automatic monitoring system installed

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENTINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER STANDARDS

This Regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT provides for the maximum values of pollution parameters of industrial wastewater being discharged into receiving waters. Consists of 2 columns of limit values and 33 parameters.

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENTINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER STANDARDS

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No.

Parameter

Unit

Value (C)

A

B

1

Temperature

oC

40

40

2

Color

Pt/Co

50

150

3

pH

-

6 to 9

5.5 to 9

4

BOD5 (20oC)

mg/l

30

50

5

COD

mg/l

75

150

6

Suspended solids

mg/l

50

100

7

Arsenic

mg/l

0.05

0.1

8

Mercury

mg/l

0.005

0.01

9

Lead

mg/l

0.1

0.5

10

Cadmium

mg/l

0.05

0.1

11

Chromium (VI)

mg/l

0.05

0.1

12

Chromium (III)

mg/l

0.2

1

13

Copper

mg/l

2

2

14

Zinc

mg/l

3

3

15

Nickel

mg/l

0.2

0.5

16

Manganese

mg/l

0.5

1

17

Iron

mg/l

1

5

18

Total cyanide

mg/l

0.07

0.1

19

Total phenol

mg/l

0.1

0.5

20

Total mineral fats and oils

mg/l

5

10

21

Sulfide

mg/l

0.2

0.5

22

Fluoride

mg/l

5

10

23

Ammonium (as N)

mg/l

5

10

24

Total nitrogen

mg/l

20

40

25

Total phosphorus (as P)

mg/l

4

6

26

Chloride

(not applicable when discharging into saline water and brackish water)

mg/l

500

1000

27

Excess Chlorine

mg/l

1

2

28

Total organochlorine pesticides

mg/l

0.05

0.1

29

Total organophosphorus pesticides

mg/l

0.3

1

30

Total PCB

mg/l

0.003

0.01

31

Coliform

bacteria/100ml

3000

5000

32

Gross α activity

Bq/l

0.1

0.1

33

Gross β activity

Bq/l

1.0

1.0

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENTINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER STANDARDS

10

23

Ammonium (as N)

mg/l

5

10

24

Total nitrogen

mg/l

20

40

25

Total phosphorus (as P)

mg/l

4

6

26

Chloride

(not applicable when discharging into saline water and brackish water)

mg/l

500

1000

27

Excess Chlorine

mg/l

1

2

28

Total organochlorine pesticides

mg/l

0.05

0.1

29

Total organophosphorus pesticides

mg/l

0.3

1

30

Total PCB

mg/l

0.003

0.01

31

Coliform

bacteria/100ml

3000

5000

32

Gross α activity

Bq/l

0.1

0.1

33

Gross β activity

Bq/l

1.0

1.0

Environmental Science Institute - ESI 11

No Waste water quality standards No of standards1

National Technical Regulation on waste water of ethanol fuel production

QCVN 60-MT:2015/BTNMT

2 National Technical Regulation on Textile dyeing industrialwastewater

QCVN 13-MT:2015/BTNMT

3 National Technical Regulation on Paper and pulp industrialwastewater

QCVN 12-MT:2015/BTNMT

4 National Technical Regulation on seafood processing industrialwastewater

QCVN 11-MT:2015/BTNMT

5 National Technical Regulation on natural rubber processingindustrial wastewater

QCVN 01-MT:2015/BTNMT

6 National Technical Regulation on Steel processing industrialwastewater

QCVN 52:2013/BTNMT

7 National Technical Regulation on medical wastewater QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT

8 National Technical Regulation on petrol warehouse and storeswastewater

QCVN 29:2010/BTNMT

9 National Technical Regulation on offshore oil and gas works QCVN 35:2010/BTNMT

10 National Technical Regulation on the effluent from livestock QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT

SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT2) INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER STANDARDS: OTHER QCVN ON WW

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92% OF WW CONVEYED BY USE OF COMBINEDSEWERAGE SYSTEMS (CSS)

CHALLENGES: LOW INFLUENT BOD (31 – 135 mg/l: Range of annual

average flows, vs. 50 mg/l – NATIONAL CLASS “B”STANDARD FOR EFFLUENT BOD)

TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS

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1. Wastewater treatment technology dealing with low C/N ratio in the incoming wastewater flow

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2. Removal of organic matters from surface water

- Coagulation – Flocculation – Sedimentation –Rapid sand filtration is a conventional water treatment technology.- Conventional treatment process can remove 30-50% of organics. Powered activated carbon, Granular activated carbon seem not suitable in terms of cost. Biological carbon filtration (BCF) pre-treatment does not give good results.- Inexpensive technology for retrofitting/ upgrading existing treatment plant is needed.

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS

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3. Equipment to control incoming wastewater lowfeatures for CETPs- Operator of CETP required factories to treat their ownwastewater to avoid overloading of CETP treatmentprocesses.- Number of CETPs is facing problem of shock loading ofhazards. Failure of CETP operation leads to damage ofsystem, exceeding effluent standard limit, and possiblefines.- On-line monitoring of wastewater flows discharged fromfactories seems expensive.- Adequate control measures are needed.

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS

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4. Technology for decentralized wastewater treatmentwith small foot-print reactor and shallow reaction zone

Decentralized wastewater treatment stations built for hospitals,hotels, apartments, commercial points in urban areas and resortsInstalled in the basement or ground floor of the building.Limited foot print, and limited height of floor (around 2.4-2.8m).

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS

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6. Technology to improve treatment performance of existing biological CETPs receiving non-degradable substances in incomingflows

Non-degradable or slowly degradable substances appearing in incoming wastewater flows from such industries as printing ink, traditional medicine materials, cosmetics, paper and pulp, textile, etc.Chemically enhanced clarification -Biological treatment processes?Measures to remove those substances before, during or after biological treatment steps are needed

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS

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7. Pre-treatment of organic fractions of municipalwaste, industrial waste and agro-waste beforeanaerobic digester for biogas recovery

Pre-treat of waste fractions to convert them intoeasily degradable substrates before anaerobicdigestion.Various materials, forms, sizes, shapes, andcharacteristics of different wastes make their pre-treatment processes like separation, sorting, chopping,maceration, etc. difficult

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS

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8. Energy efficient technology for sludge dewateringfrom water treatment plants

- Conventional methods for sludge treatment aresludge thickening in a gravity thickener, followed bydewatering in sludge drying beds, or mechanicaldewatering in machines such as centrifuge, filter press,belt press, etc.- Energy efficient sludge dewatering technology isneeded in most of water treatment plants in Vietnamtreating both ground and surface waters

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS

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DREGDED SLUDGE FROM SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE NETWORK

SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM WWTP Dumping is a most common method. Composting Anaerobic Digestion

9. TREATMENT OF SLUDGE GENERATED FROMCOMBINED SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS

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Wastewater management and technology needs in Vietnam�CONTENTSlide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDSSlide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 189. treatment of sludge generated from combined sewerage and drainage systemSlide Number 20空白ページ空白ページ空白ページ空白ページ空白ページ