Howard Gardner’s:Multiple Intelligences

• Theory that people are not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have

• Intelligence can be learned throughout life.

• Everyone is intelligent in at least seven different ways and can develop each aspect of intelligence to an average level of competency.

• Intelligence, as defined by Gardner, is the ability to solve problems or fashion products that are valuable in one or more cultural settings.

The 9 intelligences included in Gardner’s theory are:

*Verbal/ Linguistic

*Visual/ Spatial

*Interpersonal

*Musical/ Rhythmic

*Logical/ Mathematical

*Intrapersonal

*Bodily/ Kinesthetic

*Naturalistic

*Existential

There are 8 Criteria for Defining Multiple

Intelligences:Each of the intelligences:

can potentially be isolated by brain damage.

has a process of developing during normal child development and has a peak end-state performance.

Has been tested extensively and is evidenced in species other than human beings.

Linguistic Intelligence

                                                                             

                                                  

~*Linguistic Intelligence*~

Linguistic Intelligence (Word Smart) is the capacity to use language, your native language, and perhaps other languages, to express what's on your mind and to understand other people.

Gardner's Definition:

Criteria Used for Linguistic Intelligence•Can understand words and manipulate the structure of language

•Has highly developed communication skills including writing, speaking, and story-telling

•Knows and correctly uses rules of grammar

•Enjoys reading, writing, and speaking

•Has a large vocabulary

This person learns best by:•Saying, hearing, and seeing words

•Writing

•Talking

•Reading

• Playwright• Radio Announcer• Speech Pathologist (one who interprets)

• Typist• Novelist• Comedian• Politician• Orator• Actor• Curator

• Author• Journalist• Poet

Famous People With Linguistic Intelligence

•William Shakespeare

•Edgar Allen Poe

•Earnest Hemmingway

•F. Scott Fitzgerald

•Emily Dickinson

•Agatha Christie

•T.S. Eliot

•Rudyard Kipling

Activities These People Would Enjoy

• Book reporting• Telling jokes• Writing words• Reading • Journal writing• Speaking

•Letter writing•Storytelling•Discussing•Creative writing•Debating•Persuading

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

Has the capacity to use numbers effectively and reason well

Able to see cause and effect really well Able to identify a problem and solve it right there on

the spot. Think by reasoning Love experimenting, questioning, figuring out

logical puzzles, and calculating

What kinds of processes are used in the logical-mathematical intelligence sequence?

Categorization Classification Inference Generalization Calculation Hypothesis testing

Careers• Accountant

• Actuary

• Auditor

• Banker

• Bookkeeper

• Businessperson

• Computer Analyst

• Computer Programmer

• Doctor

• Economist

• Legal Assistant

• Mathematician

• Purchasing Agent

• Science Researcher

• Science Teacher

• Statistician

• Technician

• Underwriter

Famous MathematiciansFamous Mathematicians• Einstein

• Pythagoras

• Newton

• Pascal

• Archimedes

• Euclid

• Copernicus

• Plato

• Galileo

• Aristotle

Analyzing

Categorizing

Formulas

Logic Games

Numbers

Outlining

Patterns

Problem Solving

Reasoning

Time Lines

Synthesis

Sequencing

Rational Thinking

Scientific Thinking

Venn Diagrams

Statistics

ActivitiesActivities

Spatial Intelligenc

e

What is spatial intelligence?

The brain’s ability to perceive and interpret visual stimuli. In other words, it’s how our minds process what we see.

Why is spatial intelligence important?

The way we visually perceive and interpret the world around us makes us who we are.

In the arts, the ability to transfer a vision to a painting, sculpture, or film is a key quality.

Careers such as architecture, require a person to transfer a vision of a structure into a blueprint.

“Average” people use it everyday to remember small, but important facts, like how to travel from school to your house.

Possible CareersPossible Careers

• Advertising Agent• Architect• Cartographer(Map Maker)

• Drafter• Engineer• Fine Artist• Graphic Designer• Fashion Designer

• Interior Designer

• Inventor• Painter• Photographer• Pilot• Sculptor• Surveyor• Urban Planner

Famous People With High Spatial Intelligence

• Leonardo Da Vinci• Pablo Picasso• Spike Lee• Vincent Van Gogh• Frank Lloyd

Wright (architect)• Steven Spielberg

• Ansel Adams (photographer)

• Amelia Earhart• Auguste Rodin

(sculptor)• Robert Fulton

(inventor)• Michelangelo

What is Bodily-What is Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence?Kinesthetic Intelligence?

It is expertise in using one’s whole body to express ideas and feelings.

Examples: acting, dancing, sports, and using body language

It is the ability to use one’s hands to produce or transform things.

Examples: sculpting clay and hands-on learning

Bodily-Kinesthetic IntelligenceBodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

LoveLove Dancing

Running

Jumping

Building

Touching

Gesturing

NeedNeed Role play Drama Movement Things to build Sports and physical games Tactile (touchable) experiences Hands-on learning

Other Enjoyable Activities

• Acting

• Charades

• Collections

• Demonstrations

• Experiments

• Field Trips

• Gymnastics

• Impersonations

• Inventing

• Martial Arts

• Miming

• Puppetry

• Visiting

• Exercise

Possible Career ChoicesPossible Career Choices

• ActorActor• AthleteAthlete• CarpenterCarpenter• Choreographer Choreographer

(creates/arranges dances)(creates/arranges dances)• CraftsmanCraftsman• DancerDancer• FarmerFarmer• Forest Ranger Forest Ranger

• InventorInventor• JewelerJeweler• MechanicMechanic• MimeMime• P.E. TeacherP.E. Teacher• Physical TherapistPhysical Therapist• Recreational DirectorRecreational Director• Actress Actress

• Babe RuthBabe Ruth

• Jim ThorpeJim Thorpe

• Kristi YamaguchiKristi Yamaguchi

• Mickey MantleMickey Mantle

• Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

• Isadora DuncanIsadora Duncan

• CincinnatusCincinnatus

• FabergèFabergè

• Wilbur WrightWilbur Wright

• Orville WrightOrville Wright

Musical IntelligenceMusical Intelligence

What is Musical Intelligence?What is Musical Intelligence?

o Distinguishing the sounds around you

o Ability to create your own melodies

o Even when singing a song or making music, you are using your musical intelligence!

If you are musically intelligent, you are able to:

o Perceiveo Discriminateo Transformo Express all kinds of

musical forms

Types of Musical IntelligenceTypes of Musical Intelligence

Figural and Formal

(“top-down”) (“ bottom-up”)

This means that you This means that you

are very intuitive about analytic and technical

the nature of music and about music and its

its creation. creation.

*Anyone can have either both or one of these forms *

CareersCareers• Advertising Agent• Conductor• Disc Jockey• Film/Instrument Maker• Composer• Music Teacher• Sound Engineer• Music Therapist

• Song Writer

• Performing Musician

• Piano Turner

• Singer

• Musical Theater Actor/ Actress

• Studio Engineer

• Instrument Manager

• Rapper

Famous Musicians

• Joan Baez• Zubin Mehta• Ethel Merman• Jean Redpath • Gustav Mahler• Leonard Bernstein• George Gershwin• Ella Fitzgerald• Jenny Lind• Stephen Foster• Antonio Stradivari

• Leonard Bernstein

• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Ray Charles

• Robert Schumann

• Sergei Rachmaninoff

• Yehudi Menuhin

• Willie Nelson

• The Mavericks

• Lawerence Welk

ActivitiesThe following is a list of activities that can be used in a

classroom or anywhere else to enhance one’s own musical intelligence.

• Sing Ballads

• Create Chants• Create Concept Songs• Discographies (lists of musical selections to enhance what you are learning or teaching.)• Environmental Sounds• Humming• Illustrate With Sounds• Rhythms

• Instrumental sounds• Listening• Lyrics• Mood Music• Music Composition or creation• Musical concepts• Musical Performance• Percussion and Raps• Reproduce sounds and rhythms• Singing and Songs • Vocal Sounds and Tonal

Patterns

Interpersonal Intelligence

Interpersonal Intelligence

Gardner's Definition:

• Interpersonal intelligence, (people smart), is understanding other people. 

• Ability we all need, but is at a premium if you are a teacher, clinician, salesperson, or a politician. 

• Anybody who deals with other people has to be skilled in the interpersonal sphere.

ActivitiesActivities• Giving feedback to the teacher or to

classmates• Understanding other's feelings• Person-to-person communication• Cooperative learning strategies• Receiving feedback• Group projects• Teaching someone else something new• Learning from someone outside of school• Other points of view• Creating  group rules• Acting in a play or simulation• Conducting an interview• Creating "phone buddies" for homework• Sensing others’ motives• Creating  group rules

Famous InterFamous Interpersonal Peoplepersonal People

• Abraham Lincoln       • George Washington        • Ghandi • Dr.Joyce Brothers      • Oprah  Winfrey       • Jesse  Jackson• Martin Luther King       • Rev. Billy Graham 

Interpersonal CareersInterpersonal Careers

• Administrator• Anthropologist• Arbitrator• Counselor• Manager• Nurse• Personnel Director• Politician

• Public Relations • Salesperson• School Principal• Sociologist• Therapist• Teacher• Travel Agent• Religious Leader• Psychologist

“What is intrapersonal intelligence?”

Having self-knowledge and the ability to act adaptively on the basis of that knowledge.

Having an accurate picture of oneself (one’s strengths and weaknesses); awareness of inner moods, intentions, motivations, temperaments, and desires; and the capacity for self-discipline, self-understanding, and self-esteem.

Essentially, it’s how well you know yourself!

• Clergyman • Entrepreneur

• Program planner • Psychiatrist

• Psychology Teacher • Philosopher

• Theologian • Researcher

• Spiritual Counselor • Psychologist

* Aristotle

* Emily Dickinson

* Gen. George Patton

* Helen Keller

* Malcolm X

* Mohammed

• Multiple Intelligences: In The Classroom by Thomas Armstrong

• Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practiceby Howard Gardner

• Multiple Intelligence Approaches Assessment: Solving the Assessment Conundrum

by David Lazear

Book References