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Hong Kong’s Hydrogen-Based Energy FutureOctober 22, 2003
Back-up Power
Industrial Applications
Fleet Fueling
Community Fueling
Home Fueling
Energy Is Key Economic Driver
Energy has always been the key driver of sustained economic growth and improved quality of life• The “industrial age” and “information age” were
powered by a global dependence on fossil fuels• Fossil fuel power and transportation systems have
created tremendous prosperity, but at great risk to energy security and the world’s environment
• Our world has begun the shift from fossil fuels to a renewable, sustainable and secure energy future
Convergence of Drivers
Energy Security
Technology
Consensus: Hydrogen is energy “end game”
Climate Change
Air Quality
Stuart Energy Introduction
Stuart Energy Overview
Pioneered water electrolysis hydrogen generation technology and infrastructure concept in 1905
Founded Company in Toronto in 1948
Created world’s first solar-powered hydrogen fuel station in California in 1995
Built world’s first commercial hydrogen fuel station in 1998 forVancouver’s Ballard fuel cell bus project
Raised $150M in IPO on TSX in 2000 – ticker symbol HHO
Completed $28M acquisition of Belgian Vandenborre Technologies in 2003
Stuart Energy’s MissionWho we are:• Pioneer and world leader in design, marketing and
delivery of on-site hydrogen infrastructure solutions based on water electrolysis
What we do:• We design, build, integrate, sell and service
Hydrogen Energy Stations – revolutionary products that use water and electricity (renewable or off-peak) to produce, store and deliver hydrogen on-site for high-value, emission-free fuel and power applications
Asia-Pacific Joint Venture Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings (CKI)• Stuart Energy CKI Joint Venture
established in 2000• CKI owns 10% of Stuart Energy• CKI Letter of Intent in 2001 to
develop APAC H2 infrastructure
Stuart Energy’s Hydrogen Infrastructure Approach
Hydrogen from Electrolysis
Addresses triple threat of energy security, climate change and air pollution• Uses local electricity and water• Zero on-site emissions • Links to renewable sources of electricity• Enables zero emission energy cycle
Hydrogen Energy Station (HES)
Water electrolysis based multi purpose hydrogen infrastructure product portfolio• Vehicle fueling• Power generation• Industrial applications
Hydrogen Energy Station (HES)
Comprises five modules• Hydrogen generation• Compression• Storage• Dispensing• Power generation
Commercially proven technologyFully integrated turn-key solutions
HES IndustrialIntegrated solutions delivered to industrial gas customers worldwideApplications include:• Generator cooling• Glass manufacturing• Semi-conductor
manufacturing• Fiber optic cable
manufacturing• Food processing• Heat treating
HESf (Fueling)Intelligent vehicle fuel stations are network connected• Remote monitoring• Command and
control capabilityStarting with fleets:• CUTE• Ford• Toyota
Community public access fuel stations are coming next
HESfp (Fueling and Power)Distributed power generationConverts low-cost off-peak electricity to stored hydrogen gas for on-demand use as high value energy for:• Vehicle fuel• Back-up power• Peak shaving
Multi-use platform leverages capital costs
Personal Energy Station (PES)Potential to redefine how energy is produced, distributed and used on a personal basis• Vehicle fueling• Back-up and peak
power• Designed for home,
cottage or office useDemonstrations and field trials beginning this year
Stuart Energy HES Network
Installed Hydrogen Energy Stations (Industrial)
Installed Hydrogen EnergyStations (Fueling and Power)
Ordered Hydrogen EnergyStations (Fueling and Power)
Mobile HESfSydkraft – City of Malmo, Sweden (2003 - present)
Mobile HESfCity of Chula Vista (2003 - present)
HESfpStuart Energy Headquarters (2003 - present)
HESfToyota Headquarters (2002 - present)
HESfCaFCP Satellite Hydrogen Station (2002 - present)
Mobile HESfFord’s Arizona Proving Grounds (2002 - present)
HESfB.C. Hydro – Powertech Labs (2001 - present)
HESfSunLine Transit Agency (2001 - present)
Enabling Hong Kong’s Clean Energy Transition
Objective - Clean City
Align Hong Kong’s interest groups to drive policies and economic commitment for aggressive development of renewable and sustainable energy infrastructure• Secure support from WTO, WHO, WB, UN, etc
Focus on clean hydrogen infrastructure• Start with urban transit programs• Follow with distributed urban power generation and rural
electrification
Hong Kong uses Hydrogen TodayTowngas contains mostly hydrogen2,828 km, covering 85 per cent of Hong Kong's households and serving over 1.3 million customers
Chemical Composition
49.0 %Hydrogen28.5 %Methane3.5 %Carbon Monoxide19 %% Carbon Dioxide
•http://www.hkcg.com/en/abouttg/abouttg_04.html
Hydrogen Energy Station at TSK
Power ModulesDispenser Module Hydrogen Generation Module
Tap Shek Kok Facility
Provide an operating hydrogen system that demonstrates typical installation and operation of an emergency power system
• Supply emergency and back-up electrical power of up to 200 kW at the Tap Shek Kok facility
To provide early hydrogen vehicle fueling infrastructure.
Clean Transportation
Bus programs• UNDP fuel cell hybrid bus and H2
fueling infrastructure program• CUTE Program
Hythane fuel for CNG bus fleets• Installations at Malmo, Sweden,
Thousand Palms, CA
Deploy H2ICE vehicles• Bridge to future FC vehicles• Affordable and available today
Hydrogen ICE Hybrid Bus
41 Seats single deck busFord 2.3 Liter H2ICESerial Hybrid 3-phase AC Motor8 Dynetek W205 Type 3 composite cylindersEstimated range per fill : 350 km
Efficiency Comparison
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fuel
Con
sum
ptio
n (m
pgde
)
Typical CleanDiesel
Typical CNG Hybrid Electric(MTG)
HydrogenHybrid Electric
(H2ICE)
Relative Fuel Efficiency of Transit Vehicles
*mpgde – miles per gallon of diesel or equivalent
Emissions Comparison
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
gram
s pe
r kilo
-wat
t ho
ur (g
/kW
hr)
CO HC NOx PM
Emissions: Hydrogen Hybrid vs Euro V
Euro V2.3 L H2ICE
Hydrogen ICE today in lean burn configurationDemonstrated technology for < 1ppm NOx (.01 g/kWhr)
Rural Electrification
Address labor and material requirements to sustain Asia’s rapid economic growth• Decentralized renewable energy networks will provide human
and capital resources needed to sustain national momentum while limiting growth of large urban centers
• China has already begun installation of renewable sources of electricity in rural areas
Renewable H2 infrastructure enables decentralized economic growth, rural education and modernization
Hydrogen SafetyHydrogen is 14.5 times lighter than air Disperses rapidlyHydrogen is explosive only in high concentrations• Explosive energy of
hydrogen is very low relative to other fuels
Except in high concentrations, hydrogen has equivalent ignition energy to methaneHydrogen has a high auto-ignition temperature
Stuart Energy Safety RecordUnmatched safety record with fifty years experience Installed Hydrogen Stations in over 100 countriesOn staff experts for hydrogen safetyParticipate in Canadian, US and International codes and standards committees
Conclusion
Consensus that Hydrogen is “energy end game”Stuart Energy is a market leader in on-site electrolytic hydrogen infrastructure• Best in class technology and IP portfolio• Innovative HES/PES turn-key solution approach
Strong partnership with CKI to execute in Hong Kong and Asia Pacific50 years of experience• Products in the field today