hasbi SJAMSIR-psycholinguistics

PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

byhasbi SJAMSIR

fkipMULAWARMAN UNIVERSITY

2010

hasbi SJAMSIR, psycholinguistics, 2010/2011

Personal Data hasbi SJAMSIR - parepare

Teaching staff UNMUL Linguistics - Unhas Sociolinguistics Psycholinguistics Human & Comm. Serv Edu Tech (QLD-Australia) EC Edu. /S3-UNJ Visiting Scholar in USA Hp. 0813 9920 5400 [email protected]



Fundamental objectives:

In this course, you should be able to:1. Understand language as a subject to be studied and

the various sub-areas which together comprise the psychology of language

2. Better understand the nature of scientific inquiry in asking questions about language, its nature and how language is used.

3. Develop your oral and written communication skills. We will occasionally break into groups to discuss issues. It is important that you communicate your thoughts and ideas clearly.

4. Further your critical thinking skills and integrate course material.


The goal of this course

the students can formulate the definitions of psycholinguistics by using their own words/languages

they can explain the history and the object of psycholinguistics and also the position of psycholinguistics among the sciences

to introduce the students to the field of psycholinguistics and provide them with an insight into the basic concepts of the area of study, namely, the nature of language (structure, function, process), the acquisition, perception and comprehension of language, in order to explore the relationship between language, thought and culture.

the implications of psycholinguistics in language teaching


COURSE ORGANIZATION:

The course covers the key topics in psycholinguistics organized in weekly units by power point presentation. The students are also expected to read at home relevant chapters from obligatory references, and advised to read selected parts from additional literature, which further help them in acquiring better insight into the subject matter.


STUDENTS' OBLIGATIONS AND EVALUATION METHODS:

Students are advised to attend the course regularly and encouraged to actively participate in class.

During the semester the students are obliged to do the power point presentations (see the topics).

Doing a pilot experiment. This will give you hands-on experience in the practice of psycholinguistic research.

At the end of the course the students take a written exam (we will see).


Share your prior knowledge

Do you know psychology? What do you know about psychology?

Do you know linguistics? What do you know about linguistics?

Is there any relationship between them?

What do you know about psycholinguistics?

Explain then!



Why there is such an interference effect?


Introduction

We don’t realize if we use language skills are more complicated (Complexity in Language : cognitive complexity and formal complexity), from the simplest words to the complicated one..

Children acquire the language Adults learn the language We use our language automatically

without thinking, how come? We utterance ‘the sounds’, mental

activities, that’s LANGUAGE?


History of Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics is ‘hybrid science’, mixture of

two sciences (psychology and linguistic) 1950s George Miller and Charles Osgood, they

created a new science in linguistic field and merge to psychology

1951, seminar at Cornell Univ under sponsorship the SSRC invited psychologists (Osgood, John Caroll, James Jenkins, George Miller) and linguists (Joseph Greenberg, Floyd Lounsbury, and Thomas Sebeok)

1953, seminar at Indiana Univ--- Psycholinguistics: A Survey of Theory and Research Problems. (1st)


Cont….

SSRC developed psycholinguistics into bilingualism, content analysis, psycholinguistics comparison, dimensions of meaning, language styles, aphasia, and language universal

Language analysis is dominated by structuralism ( L. Bloomfield, Fries, Hockett, K. Pike)

1957 published Syntactic Structures by Noam Chomsky

Wilhelm Wundt (Ger.), formative phase, linguistics phase, cognitive phase, psycholinguistics theory phase


Intrigued scholars

C h Osgood & T A Sebeok (1954)B Lee Whorf (1956)---- Language RelativityJoseph Greenberg (1963) ----- Lang. UniversalNoam Chomsky (1959) --- Syntactic StructureJohn CarollLangacker (1973)Diebold (1973)Herbert H Clark (1977)A HartleyR Lado (1977)HarchTaylor and Taylor



Philosophy’s view Every single science could be viewed into

three approaches, likewise psycholinguistics1. Ontology----- what?2. Epistemology---- how? method3. Axiology ------ what for? The usefulness Psycholinguistics’ questions,a) How is language produced?b) How is it used for different communication

purposes?c) How is it acquired?d) How is it represented in the mind?


Psycholinguistics: An introduction

What is psycholinguistics? The scientific study of the psychological

processes of how language is understood, produced and acquired by human beings.


The study of language with reference to the workings of mind is called psycholinguistics.


Definitions

Aitchison, psycholinguistics is the study about language and mind

Diebold, psy is concerned in the broadest sense with the relations between messages and the characteristics of the human individuals who select and interpret them

Fraisse, psy is the study of relations between our needs for expression and communication and the means offered to us by a language learned in one’s childhood and later’

Langacker, psy is the study of language acquisition and linguistics behavior, as well as the psychological mechanisms responsible for them


Cont. def. Hartley, psy investigates the interrelation of

language and mind in processing and producing utterances and in language acquisition

Osgood and Sebeok, psy deals directly with the processes of encoding and decoding as they relate states of message to states of communicators

Psy is a branch of linguistics which studies the correlation between linguistic behavior and the psychological processes through to underline that behavior.

Psy is the study of the relationship between human language and the brain, thought, and mind


Psycholinguistics as an Interdisciplinary science

o Cognitive science and psycholinguisticso Cognitive science -- study of intelligence

and its computational process. Psychology -- study of the mind and mental

processes. Psychometrics -- measures of intelligence

and components of intelligence. Experimental psychology -- speed and

limitations of simple sensory, perceptual, motor and memory processes.


Continued ….

Logic -- science of correct reasoning; study of abstract intelligence.

Neuroscience -- study of the brain and the nervous systems, the material foundation of cognition.

Anthropology -- study of races, physical and mental characteristics, etc. of mankind.


Psy object

Combination of two disciplines, psychology and linguistics.

Psychology’s object are behavior, soul (phenomenom)

Linguistics’ object is language Psycholinguistics’ object is language as

well, but language which processes in human soul

Figure out your words when you feel ANGRY, HAPPY, SAD (emotions)


Scope of Psycholinguistics

Based on the object of psychology and linguistics

a) Language process in communication and mind

b) Language acquisitionc) Language behaviord) Verbal association and the meaning

probleme) Language disorder problem (the

deaf, aphasia)f) Perception of speech


Psycholinguistics position among the sciences

General Linguistics

Language theory

Learning theory(Psychology)

Language Learning theory(Psycholinguistic

s)

Second language education(applied

linguistics )

Usage language theory

(Sociolinguistics)

Language description


Short Assignment Record yourself and a friend in a conversation

for five minutes. Type up everything that you both say, including pauses, false starts, and interruptions. (This takes time to do properly). How is the way you actually speak different from what you expected? Chomsky views such pauses and false starts as problematic and as an indication of the imperfect nature of speech. In what ways might such pauses be helpful for conversation to proceed? In what ways does your conversational partner influence how you time not only what you say, but when you say it? Is there anything else you found noteworthy or surprising?


Cont…

2) Choose one of the articles related to class readings, then summarize it, and critique it. (This will require you to read over the paper multiple times.) Explain what the problem is being studied, what the authors assert and what evidence they use to advance their argument. Try to come up with alternative explanations for the research findings. Do you find the researcher’s arguments compelling? Why or why not?


Power point presentations1. General information about the course.

Introduction to the key concepts of psycholinguistics.

2. Language and communication: is language specific to humans? Animal communication and human communication. Feral children and the critical age issue.

3. First steps in the Child’s Language. Issues in LA. Methods of studying the child’s language. What young children talk about?


4. The cognitive basis of language: how children learn language. The nature vs. nurture debate: behaviorism or an innate capacity for acquisition? Exercises.

5. Early semantic and syntactic development. Bilingualism and second language learning. The role of the theories in the L2 Acquisition research.

6. The biological basis of language: language and the brain. General brain structure and function. Language areas and their function. Localisation and lateralization. Exercises.

7. Language disorders: aphasias and dyslexias. Other language-related disorders. Sign language. Exercises.


7. The structure of sentences. Word meaning. Comprehension. Exercises.

8. The structure and content of the 'mental lexicon': how humans learn and store words, how they find the right word and understand the words of others. Lexical retrieval. Exercises.

9. Language and memory: long-term memory and short-term (working) memory. Long-term memory and the schema theory. Meaning representations. Inference. Exercises.

10. Language processing: bottom-up and top-down processing; serial and parallel processing. Perceptual and conceptual information. The role of context. Exercises.


11. Productive language skills: writing and speaking. Writing systems. The stages of writing. Errors in writing. Characteristics of speech and stages in the speaking process. Syntactic planning. Lexicalization. Speech errors. Exercises.

12. Receptive language skills: reading and listening. The whole-word approach vs. the decoding approach. Eye movement. Skilled and unskilled reading. Problems in the listening process. Categorical perception. Exercises.

13. The social basis of language: the relationship between language, thought and culture. Is language necessary for thought, does it influence culture and does it affect our perception of society and the world?


14. Linguistics Competence and Performance

15. Psycholinguistics and their implications in language teaching


OBLIGATORY REFERENCES:

Aitchison, Jean (1998, 4th ed.) The Articulate Mammal: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics London and New York: Routledge

Anderson, Stephen and David Lightfoot (2002) The Language Organ: Linguistics as Cognitive Physiology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (selected chapters)

Clark and Clark,. Psychology and Language. An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. Stanford University

Field, John (2003) Psycholinguistics, London and New York: Routledge

Harley, Trevor (2001) The Psychology of Language: From Data to Theory, Hove and New York: Psychology Press Ltd.

Mukalel, C., Joseph 2003. Psychology of Language Learning. (Delhi: Arora Offset Press)

Steinberg, Danny, Hiroshi Nagata and David Aline (2001, 2nd ed.) Psycholinguistics: Language, Mind and World, Harlow: Longman


Powerpoints Presentation Aspek-aspek Linguistik dan Psikolinguistik Bagaimana manusia mempersepsi ujaran Bagaimana manusia memahami ujaran Landasan Biologis pada bahasa Landasan Neurologis pada bahasa Pendekatan psikologis dalam penguasaan bahasa Pemerolehan bahasa (L1, L2 dan Foreign Lang) Pemerolehan bahasa kanak-kanak Belajar L2 dan Bilingualisme Psikolinguistik dan Implikasinya Memori, Pikiran, dan Bahasa Linguistics competence and performance

Agent Interaction Protocols

34

Finally . . .

Thank you for inviting me and for listening!

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hasbi SJAMSIR-psycholinguistics