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Bongalon, Duran, Macaraeg, Villafuerte

SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF

RADIATION DANGER

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IAEAINTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERG AGENC

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PROBLEM !"

• An In#u$tr% t&at u$e$ uraniu'()** i$ $u+ect to $afeguar#$, -&%

#oe$ t&i$ in#u$tr% nee# to follo- t&i$ $%$te'.

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ANS/ER

• Accor#ing to IAEA, nuclear 'aterial $u+ect to $afeguar#$

inclu#e$ $0ecial fi$$iona+le 'aterial fro' -&ic& nuclear

 -ea0on$ or ot&er nuclear e10lo$i2e #e2ice$ coul# rea#il% +e

'a#e 30lutoniu'()*45 uraniu'()**5 uraniu' enric&e# in t&e

i$oto0e$ )*6 or )**7 an# $ource 'aterial, -&ic& cannot +e#irectl% u$e# for nuclear -ea0on$

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PROBLEM !)

• A ne-l%(o0ene# in$titution t&at $0eciali8e$ in Nuclear Me#icince

 -ill +e un#ergoing an in(fiel# $afeguar#$ acti2itie$9 /&% i$ t&ere

a nee# for an in(fiel# $afeguar#$ acti2itie$ $ince t&ere are

alrea#% Nuclear Me#icine $0eciali$t$ in t&at in$titution.

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ANS/ER

• IAEA In$0ector$ 0erfor' a 2ariet% of 2erification acti2itie$ in t&e

fiel#

• Nuclear Material Accountanc%

•

De$ign Infor'ation Verification• Te$ting En2iron'ental Sa'0le$

• Mea$ure'ent tec&ni:ue$

• De$tructi2e anal%$i$

• Contain'ent an# $ur2eillance tec&ni:ue$

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PROBLEM !*

• /&at &a00en$ if nuclear;cancer treat'ent facilitie$ t&at &a2e

+een in t&e P&ili00ine$ for "< %ear$ or $o are $till u$ing t&e ol#

0rotocol$ fro' PNRI;IAEA9 /&at -oul# +e t&eir #i$a#2antage$

fro' t&e in$titution$ t&at are follo-ing an u0(to(#ate 0rotocol.

/&% #o %ou t&in= t&ere are 2ariation$ in 0rotocol$.

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ANS/ER

• Protocol$ are t&e +a$i$ of all treat'ent$;0lanning;cali+ration of

all ra#iation facilitie$9 It$ i'0ortance i$ to 'ini'i8e ri$= an# to

&a2e an efficient treat'ent9 Variation$ in 0rotocol$ are nor'al,

+ecau$e t&ere are factor$ t&at $&oul# +e ta=en in account t&at

t&e ol# 0rotocol$ -ere not a+le to con$i#er9

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PROBLEM !>

• A nuclear -ea0on free(8one $tate recei2e#;acce0te# a nuclear

 -ea0on fro' a non(nuclear -ea0on free 8one $tate an# &a$ not

#eclare# it fro' IAEA9 Do %ou t&in= an agree'ent -a$ 2iolate#.

/&%.

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ANS/ER

• All NN/S$ 0art% to t&e NPT, a$ -ell a$ State$ 0art% to t&e

regional nuclear(-ea0on(free 8one treatie$ 3N/F? Treatie$7,

are re:uire# to conclu#e CSA$ 3Co'0re&en$i2e $afeguar#$

agree'ent$ -it& t&e IAEA9

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PROBLEM !6

• A 0er$on -&o &a$ no =no-le#ge a+out t&i$ $%'+ol9 @o- -oul# %ou e#ucate

t&e' to a2oi# ri$=$ an# #anger.

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EPLANATION

• Accor#ing to Section )"9 Caution Sign$, La+el$ Po$ting

Re:uire'ent$ of PNRI

• Contra$ting color 3%ello- +lac=7

•

Sign$ la+el$ t&at -ill +e a00ro0riate in ai#ing in#i2i#ual$ to'ini'al e10o$ure

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PROBLEM !

• ou are #ri2ing to $c&ool an# $u##enl% a container acci#entall%

fell off t&e 2an in front of %our car9 T&e #ri2er of t&e 2an #i#nt

notice t&at t&e container fell off $o %ou -ent out to c&ec= it9 ou

$ee a ra#ioacti2e $%'+ol on t&e container, -&at $&oul# +e %our

i''e#iate a00roac&.

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ANS/ER

• An%one fin#ing a 0ac=age or 'etal container -it& a ra#ioacti2e

$%'+ol $&oul# $ta% at lea$t *< 'eter$ a-a%

• Do not touc& or 0ic= it u0

•

Contact t&e a00ro0riate aut&oritie$ or t&e 0olice

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PROBLEM !

• /&at -oul# &a00en if a ra#ioacti2e -a$te -a$ #i$0o$e# +%

relea$ing it to t&e en2iron'ent. /&at $&oul# &a2e +een #one

in$tea# 3+a$e# on PNRI7.

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ANS/ER

• it -oul# &a2e #e0en# it t&e 0u+lic recei2e# t&e effecti2e #o$e of

t&e or#er of "<'S2 or le$$ in a %ear9 An# if t&e acti2it% of t&e

 -a$te #oe$ not e1cee# t&e clearance le2el$ gi2en in A00en#i1 D

of PNRI

• But $ince t&e ra#ioacti2e -a$te -a$ #i$0o$e# of -it&out letting it

#eca% in $torage an# t&u$ -&en relea$e -ill cau$e e1cee#ing

e10o$ure li'it of t&e 0u+lic

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PROBLEM !

• A " %ear ol# $tu#ent i$ re:uire# to u$e a ra#ioacti2e $ource for

&er re$earc&9 S&e -ent to PNRI to #o t&e re$earc&9 @o- -ill $&e

+e a+le to #o &er re$earc& +a$e# on t&e co#e of PNRI

REGHLATIONS. /&at are t&e e10o$ure li'it$ to +e follo-e#.

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REVIE/ OF DOSE LIMIT 3FROM PNRI7

•For Occu0ational )< 'S2 0er %ear a2arage# o2er fi2e con$ecuti2e %ear$

( 6< 'S2 in an% $ingle %ear

( "6<'S2 in a %ear to t&e len$ of t&e e%e

( 6<< 'S2 in a %ear e1tre'itie$ or $=in

•For a00rentice$;trainee$ 'S2 in a %ear

  ( 6<'S2 in a %ear len$ of t&e e%e

  ( "6< 'S2 in a %ear

•For #eclare# 0regnant -or=er " 'S2 in a %ear

•For Pu+lic " 'S2 in a %ear

  ( "6 'S2 in a %ear len$ of t&e e%e

  ( 6< 'S2 in a %ear $=in•For 2i$itor$ of 0atient$ 6'S2 for t&e 0erio# of treat'ent

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PROBLEM !4

• SCENARIOJ Sa% %ou are t&e 0er$on(in(c&arge for a00ro2ing t&e

fun#$ gi2en to a #e0art'ent t&at &an#le$ ra#ioacti2e i$oto0e$9

T&e #e0art'ent re:ue$t$ fun#$ in or#er for t&e' to u0gra#e

t&eir $afet% e:ui0'ent9 ou #eci#e to &a2e t&e PNRI in$0ect t&e

e:ui0'ent an# t&e% #ee' it a$ $till u$a+le9 @o-e2er t&e#e0art'ent $a%$ t&at t&e% -ant to u0gra#e for t&e $afet% of it$

 -or=er$9 Do %ou #eci#e to gi2e t&e #e0art'ent fun#$ or not.

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ALARP

• KA$ Lo- A$ Rea$ona+l% Practica+le

• Ri$= Manage'ent

• H 2er$ion of ALARA

•

Mean$ -eig&ing a ri$= again$t t&e trou+le, ti'e an# 'one%nee#e# to control it