Group 01.pptx

8/10/2019 Group 01.pptx

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8/10/2019 Group 01.pptx


NO. NAME ROLL NO

1. SAEDUL KARIM M110203026

2. MD. SAIF ULLAH M110203007

3. MD. IMRAN HOSSAIN M110203033

4. MD. AKTER HOSSAIN M110203075

5. FAISAL AHAMED M110203053

8/10/2019 Group 01.pptx


8/10/2019 Group 01.pptx


Computer Networks

A computer network is a telecommunications networkthat allows to exchange data. In computer networks,networked computing devices pass data to each otheralong data connections. The connections between

network links are established using either cable mediaor wireless media. The best-known computer network isthe Internet.

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Types of Networks

Depending upon the geographical area coveredby a network, it is classified as:

Local Area Network(LAN)Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)Wide Area Network(WAN)

Persona Area Network(PAN)

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Local Area Network (LAN)

A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance.A local area network (LAN) is a computer network thatinterconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school,computer laboratory, or office building using network media .LAN’s can be either wired or wireless. Twisted pair, coax or fibreoptic cable can be used in wired LAN’s. In LAN there is a central computer and all work station orcomputers are connected with central.

All computers are independent.

Nodes in a LAN are linked together with a certain topology. Thesetopologies include: Bus, Ring and Star.

LANs are capable of very high transmission rates (100s Mb/s to Gb/s).

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Server computer helps work station in a complicated problem.Has lower cost compared to MAN’s or WAN’s

LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware

devices that may be needed by multiple users

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A network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN butsmaller than a WAN, such as a city. A MAN is typicallyowned an operated by a single entity such as a governmentbody or large corporation.

A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow sharingof regional resources.

A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 and 50 kmdiameter.

Examples of MAN: Telephone company network thatprovides a high speed DSL to customers and cable TVnetwork.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

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Wide Area Network (WAN)

A WAN spans a large physical distance. The Internet is thelargest WAN, spanning the Earth.

A WAN is a geographically-dispersed collection of LANs.

Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any oneorganization but rather exist under collective or distributedownership and management.

Multiple LANs can be connected together using devices such asbridges, routers, or gateways, which enable them to share data.

The world's most popular WAN is the Internet.

WANs may transmit data over high-speed phone lines orwireless links such as satellites.

8/10/2019 Group 01.pptx


8/10/2019 Group 01.pptx


Personal Area Network (PAN)

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used forcommunication among computerized devices, includingtelephones and personal digital assistants.PANs can be used for communication among the personaldevices themselves (intrapersonal communication), or for

connecting to a higher level network and the internet. The reachof a PAN is typically a few meters.A wireless personal area network (WPAN ) is a PAN carried overwireless network technologies such as

• Wireless USB• Bluetooth• Body Ares Network

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8/10/2019 Group 01.pptx


Network topology

Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links,nodes etc.) of a computer network. Network topology is the layout ororganizational hierarchy of interconnected nodes of a computernetwork.Common layouts are:

Bus network topology : All nodes are connected to a commonmedium along this medium.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BusNetwork.svg

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A star network topology : all nodes are connected to a specialcentral node. This is the typical layout found in a WirelessLAN, where each wireless client connects to the central

Wireless access p oint .

A ring network topology : each node is connected to its leftand right neighbour node, such that all nodes are connectedand that each node can reach each other node by traversingnodes left- or rightwards.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:StarNetwork.svg


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RingNetwork.svg


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A mesh network : each node is connected to an arbitrarynumber of neighbors in such a way that there is at least onetraversal from any node to any other.

A fully connected network: each node is connected to everyother node in the network.

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Hardware and Software

Computer hardware is the collection of physical elementsthat constitute a computer system. Computer hardwarerefers to the physical parts or components of a computersuch as monitor, keyboard, Computer data storage, harddrive disk, mouse, system unit (graphic cards, sound cards,memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which arephysical objects that you can actually touch. In contrast,

Software is untouchable. Software exists as ideas,application, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance.

A combination of hardware and software forms a usablecomputing system.

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Network protocols

A network protocol defines rules and conventions forcommunication between network devices

A protocol is a standard used to define a method ofexchanging data over a computer network such as local area

network, Internet, Intranet, etc. Each protocol has its ownmethod of how data is formatted when sent and what to dowith it once received, how that data is compressed or how tocheck for errors in data.

One of the most common and known protocols is HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), which is a protocol used totransmit data over the world wide web (Internet).

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Client-server computing

Client-server is server software accepts requests fordata from client software and returns the results tothe client.

In CS Relationship “most of the applicationprocessing is done on a computer (client side),which obtains application services (such asdatabase services) from another computer (serverside).

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Broadband wireless networksSince the beginning of this millennium, there has been anremarkable growth in broadband wireless networks. The growth

of wireless broadband networks is expected to gradually outpacelandline communications because advancements in thesetechnologies have continued to enable higher broadband speeds.The characteristics of these technologies are examined.

Futures trends in communication

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There are two kinds of broadband wireless networks.

Fixed broadband wireless networks

• Wi-Fi

• WiMAX

The broadband mobile wireless network

• 3G

• 4G

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Wi-Fi is an acronym that means "Wireless Fidelity , wirelessinternet". it a popular technology that allows an electronicdevice to exchange data or connect to the internet wirelessly

using radio waves.Wi-Fi networks have limited range.

Many traditional University campuses in Bangladesh providewireless Wi-Fi Internet coverage. such as Jagannath University ,

Dhaka University etc.

Wi-Fi

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WiMAX

WiMAX is an acronym that means “Worldwide Interoperabilityfor Microwave Access” .it is a wireless communications standarddesigned to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates.Devices that provide connectivity to a WiMAX network are

known as subscriber stations.WiMAX is a long range system, covering many kilometres.

Providing portable mobile broadband connectivity across citiesand countries through a variety of devices

Providing data, telecommunications (VoIP) and IPTV services

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8/10/2019 Group 01.pptx


Internet

The internet is a global, interconnected computer network inwhich every computer connected to it can exchange data withany other connected computer.

Internet is a “large computer network” or “network ofnetworks” an instantaneous and global messaging system.

When two computers are connected over the Internet, they cansend and receive all kinds of information such as text, graphics,voice, video, and computer programs.

The high-speed, fiber-optic cables (called backbones) throughwhich the bulk of the Internet data travels are owned bytelephone companies in their respective countries.

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Internet Users

In 2013

World population 7.1 billion

Internet users 2.77 billion

As % 39 %

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Feature of internet

A Complex Network: - With the simplified definition as a “Network of the

Networks” that comprises over 150 million computers.Disorganized: - The Internet can be cumbersome and confusing, even forexperienced users.

A Decentralized system: - Millions of individual networks and over 150 millionindividual computers connected throughout the world.

Composed of billion files: - Files pertaining (relevant) to thousands of subjects,disciplines (regulations or order) and professions are available in different fileformat.

Widely used: - More than 147 million people use the internet over 40 million ofwhom use it daily.

International in scope: - This global network is accessed by people inapproximately 140 countries; people in over 155 countries use internet forelectronic mail purpose.

Dynamic: - Changing every minute of every day. On an average, a new network isconnected to the Internet every 30 minutes.

Expanding Exponentially: - the Internet is growing at the rate of 12 % per month

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Impact of Internet on society

Positive Impact• Communication

• Knowledge

• Working from home

• Freedom of speech

• Business Expandation

Negative Impact• Illegal Material shown on web sites•

Viruses• Computerized fund• Disgusting E-mail• Crime

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Applications of internet

The internet is treated as one of the biggest invention. It has alarge number of uses.

Communication: it is used for sending and receiving message fromone and other through internet by using electronic mail. Some of theweb sites providing this service are yahoomail.com Hotmail.com

rediffmail.com etcJob searches: getting information regarding availability of job indifferent sectors and areas. You can publish your resume in online forprospective job. Some of the web sites providing this service arenaukri.com, monster.com, summerjob.com, recuritmentindia.com etc.

Finding books and study material : books and other study materialstored around the world can be easily located through internet. Latestencyclopedias are available online.

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Health and medicine: internet provide information andknowledge about field of health medicine people can haveinformation about various disease and can receive help.patient can be taken to virtual check room where they canmeet doctors. Some of the web sites providing this serviceare

Travel: one can use internet to gather information aboutvarious tourist place . it can be used for booking Holidaytours , hotels, train and flights. Some of the web sitesproviding this service areindiatravelog.com, rajtravel.com,

makemytrip.com.Entertainment one can download jokes, songs movies, latestsports updates through internet Some of the web sitesproviding this service arecricinfo.com, movies.com espn.com

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Shopping : internet is also used for online shopping. By justgiving accounts details you can perform the transaction. Youcan even pay your bills and perform bank related transaction.

Stock market updates : you can sell or buy shares while sittingon computer through internet. Several websites like

ndtvprofit.com, moneypore.com, provide informationregarding investment

Research : a large number of people are using internet forresearch purposes you can download any kind information byusing internet

Business use of internet: different ways by which internet canbe used for business.

Web Browser

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Web Browser

A web browser is an interface between human and theinternet.

A web browser is a program we use to view pages on andnavigate the World Wide Web (WWW)

It is also known as “Internet navigation tool”

Although browsers are primarily intended to use the WorldWide Web, they can also be used to access informationprovided by web servers in private networks or files in file

systems.The major web browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox,Internet Explorer, Opera , Safari etc

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Internet service provider

An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business or organization that offers

users access to the Internet and related services. It is also called Internetaccess provider . Many but not all ISPs are telephone companies or othertelecommunication providers. They provide services such as Internet access,Internet transit, domain name registration and hosting, dial-upaccess, leased line access and colocation. Internet service providers may be

organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.

There are different types of ISP.

Access Provider

Mailbox ProviderHosting ISP

Internet Transit

Virtual ISP

Free ISP

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Internet Service Provider

Access providers employ a range of technologies to enable consumers toconnect to their network. Over time, available technologies have rangedfrom acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to cable, wi-fi, and fiber optics.

Wireless access is another option, including satellite Internet access.

Many access providers also provide hosting and email services.

A mailbox provider is a department or organization that provides emailmailbox hosting services. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, andstore email for other organizations and/or end users, on their behalf and upontheir explicit mandate.

Hosting ISPsHosting ISPs routinely provide email, FTP, and web-hosting services. Otherservices include virtual machines, clouds, or entire physical servers wherecustomers can run their own custom software

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Internet Service Provider

Internet transit is the service of allowing network traffic to cross or"transit" a computer network, usually used to connect a smaller Internetservice provider (ISP) to the larger Internet.

The transit service is typically priced per megabit per second per month,and customers are often required to commit to a minimum volume

of bandwidth, and usually to a minimum term of service as well.A Virtual ISP (VISP), also known as an Affinity ISP , is an Internet ServiceProvider (ISP) that resells the resources of existing ISPs under anotherbrand name.

Free ISPsFree ISPs are Internet service providers which provide service free ofcharge.

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World Wide Web

The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everydayspeech. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not the same.The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks. Incontrast, the web is one of the services that runs on the Internet. It is acollection of text documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and

URLs, usually accessed by web browsers from web servers. In short, theweb can be thought of as an application "running" on the Internet.

The World Wide Web commonly known as the web is a system ofinterlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a webbrowser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos,and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks.

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Importance for Trade

The Internet is becoming a key platform for commerce that isincreasingly happening between buyers and sellers located indifferent countries, thereby driving international trade. Additionally,as the Internet enables cross-border data flows this is alsounderpinning global economic integration and international trade.

Internet facilities in trade …

Internet plays a vital role to ensure the best communicationspossible to avoid mistakes in communications, orders, finance,and many other important areas.

The expense of long-distance communication is virtuallyeliminated, and electronic networks have been improved toreduce fraud while facilitating trade.

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Social communication through internet is more important for thesmall business to facilitate international trade than the size of a

business physical footprint. The small business is just naturallygeared to international trade since physical offices aren’t required, just virtual ones.

Although trade doesn’t have to involve the Internet, many

resources of aid are provided through the Internet.Through internet it is very easy to research the market. There alot of information are gathered in internet

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Documents

Group 01.pptx