1. Pre-Modern Homo
Created and presented by: Mark O'Connell,
ChaunCarroll,
Alycia Vasquez,
Ava Rivera,
and Jessica Kress

2. Homo habilis
The Handy Man
Dating back to between 2.5 to 1.8 million years ago.
Fossil remains were first found in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania in the 1960s, by Luis Leakey, Philip Tobias, and John Napier.
Stood about 3 and a half feet tall, had long arms when compared to its legs.
It gained its place in the genus Homo because of its skull.
Large quantity of stone tools, like the Oldawan chopper or hand-axe found around H. Habilissites.
3. Homo rudolfensis
This species was discovered in the upper Burgi Member of the KoobiFora Formation in east Lake Turkana, Kenya, just south of the border between Kenya and Ethiopia .
These fossil remains can confidently be dated to be between 1.88 and 1.9 million years old.
The braincase which was measured at 775 cc. this is over a 100 cc larger than the average size of Homo habilis.
The lumpers only recognize three species in the genus Homo: Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens. The splitters, on the other hand, recognize nine species in the same genus, one of these being Homo rudolfensis.
4. Homo ergaster
Workman
KNM-ER 992
KNM-WT 15000
!
Lived in Kenya, from 1.49 to 1.9 million years ago
Face tucked under the brain case, foreman magnum that is displaced forward, eyes set wide apart with a bar that spans over them, top of face is nearly vertical, upper jaw juts forward, roots of upper front teeth are vertically set, mouth is widely separated from nose opening, cheeks are slender.
First hominem with a body size and shape that is more like that of modern humans.
5. Homo erectus
Java man
Homo erectus was capable of communicating, their tools became thicker and spears were lighter and more sophisticated.
*
Eugene Dubois discovered the remains in Java, Indonesia.
Dating back between 1.25 mya to 700 thousand years ago.
The Sangiran skull has the most complete findings with the face vertically set, the upper jaw barely jutting out, and teeth set vertically.
Due to a sense of autonomy, H. Erectus migrated for food and did not have to depend on the environment.
6. Pre-Modern Homo Skulls
a
c
d
b
Homo habilis: This cranium, 'KNM-ER 1813,' was discovered in Kenya and dates to 1.9 mya.
Homo rudolfensis: KNM ER 1470, discovered in KoobiFora (Kenya) by Bernard Ngeneo.
Homo ergaster: Confirmed the co-existence of Homo and Australopithecines in Eastern Africa. Considered a female. KoobiFora, Kenya 1975.
Homo Erectus: One of the more complete crania (D-2282), shown here, was discovered in 1999 and enabled researchers to classify the hominid as Homo erectus.
7. Fossil Sites
Homo ergaster
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo rudolfensis
Olduval Gorge, Tanzania
Lake Turkana, Kenya
Upper Burgi, KBS, and
Okote Members, Kenya
Sangiran, Trinil, Mgawi,
Java, Indonesia
8. Works Cited
Angela, A. and P. (1993). The Extraordinary Story of Human Origins. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.Campbell, B. (1974). Human Evolution. Illinois: Aldine Publishing Company
Deacon, H., & Deacon, J. (1999). Human Beginnings in South Africa. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.
Larsen, Clark Spencer. Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2008. Print.
McHenry, Henry M., and Katherine Coffing. "Australopithecus to Homo: Transformations in Body and Mind." Annual Review of Anthropology 29 (2000): pp. 125-146.
Sarmiento, E. E., Sawyer, G. J., Milner, R., & Deak, V. (2007). The last human: A guide to twenty-two species of extinct humans. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Tullar, Richard M. (1977). The Human Species. McGraw-Hill: United States
Walker, A., & Shipman, P. (1997). The Wisdom of the Bones. London: Vintage.
Wood, B., (2005). Human Evolution: a Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.:
["OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS."].