Fundamentos Cnc

7/30/2019 Fundamentos Cnc

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Figure 1. A conventional machine's slide is moved by an

operator turning the handwheel. Accurate positioning isaccomplished by the operator counting the number of

revolutions made on the handwheel, plus the graduations on

the dial.

Figure 2. A CNC machine takes the commanded position

from the CNC program. The drive motor is rotated a

corresponding amount, which in turn drives the ballscrew,causing linear motion of the axis. A feedback device confirms

that the proper amount of ballscrew revolutions have

occurred.


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Figure 5. If an end point needed within a CNC programfalls in any quadrant other than quadrant number one, a

minus sign must be included in at least one of the axisdesignations.

Figure 6. In this example, program zero is placed in the

center of the ring. Notice that any coordinates to the left of, or

below, program zero are specified as ngative positions.


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Figure 7. It is very easy to tell the precise location of the tool in any

command given in the absolute mode. In the incremental mode, it can be

very difficult to determine the tool's current position for a given motioncommand.


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Figure 1. Actual motion generated with

linear interpolation. Notice the series ofvery tiny single axis movements. The

step size is equal to the machine's

resolution, usually 0.0001 inch or0.001mm.


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Figure 2. This drawing shows what happensduring circular interpolation.


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Figure 1. Offset tables in CNCs allow users to compensate for unpredictable

conditions related to tooling. The table at right provides an offset position for both tool

length and diameter. With a simpler table (middle) that only allows one entry peroffset, the programmer must make it quite clear as to the function of each entry. On a

popular turning center control, four values can be entered for each offset (at left).

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Figure 3. Drawings show how to determine whether to useG41 or G42 to instate cutter radius compensation.

Figure 4. Sample part for cutter radius compensation.


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Figure 5. Notice that the tool nose radius will causedeviations from the required work surface if not considered

during programming.


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Knowing a CNC's buttons and switchesunlocks the mystery of its operation. Photo

courtesy ofCincinnati Milacron.


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Fundamentos Cnc