for - RTC Transitrtcws.rtcsnv.com/mpo/streets/Files/TestDeck/2004 12 21.pdfLuminance readings for pavement markings are also required to meet minimum limits, Y,,¡o (see Figure 7 ,1or

Quarterly Report

Prepared for

Regional Transportation Commission (RTC)of Southern Nevada

500 S. Grand Central ParkwayLas Vegas, Nevada 89106

Evaluation of Performance of PavementMarkings for Clark County Roads

December 21,,2004

Mohamed KasekoAssociate Professor of Civil Engineering

Vinod VasudevanTransportation System Analyst

John MerrillGraduate Research Assistant

Transportation Research CenterHoward R. Hughes College of Engineering

University of Nevada, Las Vegas4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 454007

Las Vegas, NV 89154-4A07

Executive Summary

The primary objective of this project is to perform field evaluations of pavement marking

products and identify those products that meet the performance criteria as specified and include

them in the qualified product list (QPL) maintained by the Regional Transportation Commission

(RTC) of Southern Nevada. Three types of products are evaluated based on their intended usage:

intersection markings, longitudinal markings, and raised pavement markers (RPMs). This report

presents details of the test deck and results through the third set of field measurements for .

retroreflectivity, color, and durability taken in October 2004 on the intersection and longitudinal

products. The results of the first and second sets of retroreflectivity field measurements for RPM

products, immediately after installation and in October 2004, are also included in this report.

Products for intersection markings are installed at three selected intersections in the Las Vegas

Valley. Products for longitudinal markings ,were installed on a section of the eastbound Desert

Inn Super-arterial. RPM test deck products were placed on Durango Drive between Sahara

Avenue and Desert Inn Road.

In general, each installed product is intended to provide a marking that will not distort due to

temperature if the surface of the pavement remains stable. The intersection and longitudinal

products are evaluated based on retroreflectivity, durability, and color. Measurements of these

parameters on each product at each location are taken once every three months for one year for

intersection markings, and two years for longitudinal markings. Field measurements for

retroreflectivity and durability are taken for each RPM product at approximately three-month

intervals.

Retroreflectivity and chromacity readings have dropped significantly for almost all longitudinal

and intersection products since installation. A few of these products are close to falling below

RTC's QPL specifications. Durability measurements for intersection and longitudinal products

have all been 95 percent or higher, with the exception of two products from the same vendor.

I

L

II.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Introduction

Test Sites and Test Deck DesignIntersection markingsLongitudinal markings ..................Raised pavement markers (RPMs)

Products Installed on the Test Deck.

Measurements of Field PerformancePavement marking materialsRetroreflective RPM products....

V. Field Data and Preliminary Evaluations of Pavement Marking Materials..Retroreflectivity readings ....

Color readingsDurability readingsPrelimin ary evaluati ons

VI. Field Data and Preliminary Evaluations of Raised Pavement Markers.Retrorefl ectivity readings ....

Preliminary evaluations

VU. Tentative l)ates for Future Data Collection...

1

1

1

J

3

4IIL

IV.

01

7

.. 11

..11

..20

..344I

454546

47

1l

I. Introduction

The primary objective of this project is to perform field evaluations of pavement marking

products and identify those products that meet the performance criteria as specified and include

them in the qualified product list (QPL) maintained by the Regional Transportation Commission

(RTC) of Southern Nevada. This list is used by the various local transportation and public works

agencies. Three types of products will be evaluated based on their intended usage, i.e., products

for intersection markings, products for longitudinal markings, and raised pavement markers

(RPMs).

This report presents details of the results of the initial through the third set of field measurements

for the pavement marking products for retroreflectivity, color and durability. The third set of

measurements was taken in October and November 2004, approximately six months after

installation of the products. It also reports the initial and second measurements taken in

November 2004 for retroreflectivity of the raised pavement markers (RPMs).

il. Test Sites and Test Deck Design

INTERSECTION MARKINGS

Products for intersection markings were installed at selected intersections in the Las Vegas

Valley. The intersections are shown in Table 1 on the next page with their estimated approach

averuge daily traffic (ADT) for each direction. A1l intersections have asphalt concrete (AC)

surfaces. Four different products were installed on each intersection as stop bars and pedestrian

crossing lines, with each product installed on three different approaches of the intersection, as

shown in Figure 1.

1

Table 1: Intersection Test Sites

f777777771PROI]UCT 1 PRODUCT 2

tffiPRODUCTS

fmrPRODUCT 4

Figure 1: Placement of Test Markings at a Typical Intersection

2

Henderson39,500127,200Eastern Ave./Green Valley PkwyJ

Clark County35,500132,300Eastern Ave./lVarm Springs Rd.2

1 Clark County32,15012L,300Eastern Ave./lVindmill Ln.

JurisdictionLink ADTs

(North- S outhÆast-Westapproach)

Intersection

LONGITUDINAL MARKINGS

Products for longitudinal markings were installed on a section of the eastbound Desert Inn (DI)

Super-arterial, between Valley View Boulevard and Paradise Road. This section of the road had

an estimated ADT of 43,100 combined both direction in year 2OO3 according to the Nevada

Department of Transportation (NDOT) Annual Traffic Report. This test deck consists of two

sections, one on an asphalt concrete (AC) surface, and the other on a Portland Cement Concrete

(PCC) surface. Each product is installed on both surface types across the shoulder lane in 4-inch

wide transverse stripes (Figure 5). Each product has four lines installed on each pavement

surface.

RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS (RPMS)

RPM test deck products were placed on Durango Drive between Sahara Avenue and Desert Inn

Road, in the City of Las Vegas. This portion of Durango Drive consists of an asphalt concrete

surface with 6 through lanes (3 in each direction), and a two-way left turn lane (TWLTL). The

average annual daily traffic for this location was about 31,500 combined both directions

according to the NDOT 2003 Annual Traffic Report, Two types of markers were placed on the

test deck:

o White/red on the lane lines

o Yellow/yellow on the TWLTL lanes

White/red reflective RPMs were placed along skip lines at an interval of 40 feet between

markers. Yellow reflective RPMs were placed along the TWLTL lines at an interval of 40 feet

between markers. One hundred markers were placed per product. All RPMs on the test deck are

abrasion resistant.

3

III. Products Installed on the Test Deck

All pavement marking products were installed on the respective test decks during the week of

April 19, 2004. RPM installation was completed on June 10, 2004. Vendors were responsible for

installation of their products. Some vendors performed their own installations, while other

vendors hired contractors to install their products. Traffic control was provided by Advance

Traffic Safety (ATS) and the cost was split among the participating vendors in proportion to the

number of products installed. The vendors were billed directly by ATS. All installations were

done at night to minimize impact on traffic. For products installed at intersections, the 12-inch

wide markings were installed side by side with the existing markings. Tables 2 and 3 summarize

the products installed at the intersection sites as well as at the Desert Inn Super-arterial. Table 4

lists the products installed on the RPM test deck.

Table 2: Intersection Marking Products

1500 Durable1600 Durable

Brite-Line Eastern / Green ValleyEastern / Green Valley

TapeTape

TapeTape

3000 Heavy Duty4000 Super Duty

ATM Eastern / Green ValleyEastern / Green Valley

PolwreaHPS-5Ennis Eastern / Windmill

TapeTape

Director 60Director 90

Swarco Eastern / WindmillEastern / Windmill

3M Eastern / Warm SpringsEastern /'Warm SpringsEastern / \Mindmill

TapeTapePolwrea

Stamark 320lESStamark 420Stamark 1000

Eastern / Warm SpringsPolyureaLS90EpoplexHotTape 90Ztmar Eastern / Warm SpringsPref. Thermoplastic

Vendor IntersectionMaterialProduct

4

Table 3: Longitudinal Marking Products

Table 4: RPM products

5

Ennis YellowPolyureaHPS-5WhitePolyureaHPS-5Ennis

LS90Epoplex YellowPolwreaWhitePolyureaLS90Epoplex

Stamark 12003M YellowPolwreaWhitePolyureaStamark 12003M

Stamark 10003M YellowPolyureaWhitePolyureaStamark 10003MYellowTapeStamark 380IES3MWhiteTapeStamark 380IES3MYellowTape1600 DurableBrite-Line

1600 DurableBrite-Line WhiteTapeYellowTape1500 DurableBrite-LineWhiteTape1500 DurableBrite-Line

ATM YellowTape4000 SuperDutyWhiteTape4000 Super DutyATMYellowTape3000 Heavy DutyATM

ATM WhiteTape3000 Heavy DutyYellowTapeDirector 90Swarco

Swarco WhiteTapeDirector 90

YellowTapeDirector 60SwarcoSwarco WhiteTapeDirector 60

YellowTapeDirector 35SwarcoDirector 35Swarco WhiteTape

Vendor ColorMaterialProduct

Swareflex Yellow/YellowVita-LiteSwareflex WhitelRedVita-Lire

Yellow/YellowGlobemarkerSwareflexWhitelRedGlobemarkerSwareflexYellow/Yellow921 ARApex

921 ARApex White/Red

Vendor Reflective ColorProduct

Figure 2: Placement of Test Markings at the Eastern/lVarm Springs Intersection

Figure 3: Placement of Test Markings at the Eastern/Green Valley Intersection

6

IV. Measurements of Field Performance

PAVEMENT MARKIN G MATERIALS

In general, each installed product is supposed to provide a marking that will not flow or distort

due to temperature if the surface of the pavement remains stable. The material shall show no

fading, lifting or shrinkage, significant tearing and other signs of poor adhesion which will

significantly impair the intended use of the marking.

During the project, the installed products are evaluated based on retroreflectivity, durability, and

color. Measurements of these parameters on each product at each location are taken once every

three months for one year for intersection markings, and for two years for longitudinal markings

at the DI Super-arterial. For retroreflectivity and color, measurements are taken on each

pavement marking on two locations per lane, one location on the wheel path (tire track) and the

other on the skip line. For example, an intersection marking that runs across five lanes of traffic

will have measurements taken at ten different locations. Longitudinal markings at the DI Super-

arterial shall have two measurement locations per marking stripe. An average of three readings is

recorded for each measurement location. The perfoÍnances of the products are reported against

the cumulative number of vehicle passes computed based on 2003 ADT values.

Retrorefl ectivitv measurements

Retroreflectivity measurements are taken using the LTL-2000. This instrument simulates the

light emitted from vehicle headlights 30 meters from the observation point, and measures the

amount of light that would be reflected back to the driver. The value measured is called the

coefficient of retroreflective luminance (Rl), and is measured in SI units (mcd/m2llx¡.

Chromacity measurements

Color measurements were taken using the BYK Gardner Color Guide. ASTM D 6628-03 and

FHWA 23 CFR Part 655 standards were used as criteria to evaluate color properties of the

materials. Both standards use the CIE 1931 Color System. Color coordinates ("x" and "y")

represent hue on a two-dimensional coordinate system, and a luminance factor ("Y") records the

7

lightness. Both standards give four coordinates (x1 through x+, yt through y4) that identify an

acceptable region, or "box", where the measured color coordinates of the products would be

considered acceptable (see Figure 6, for example). Luminance readings for pavement markings

are also required to meet minimum limits, Y,,¡o (see Figure 7 ,1or example). The FTIWA standard

also specifies maximum limits, Yn u*, for certain types of markings. Table 5 shows the acceptable

color coordinate region and luminance factor limits for each standard. Both standards requirethat

color coordinates and luminance for a marking satisfy these limits throughout the service life of

the marking.

Table 5: Acceptable Color Coordinate Regions and Luminance Factors for Each Standard

To satisfy the color requirements for a given standard, the "x" and "y" readings for a product

must fall within the acceptance "box" while the corresponding "Y" reading has to be within the

required minimum and maximum values of the respective standards. Both the ASTM and FIIWA

standards specify a minimum acceptable value for "Y", while the FIIWA also specifies a

maximum limit. For both the "x", "y" and "Y" criteria, the FIIWA requirements are generally

more restrictive than the ASTM requirements.

Durability measurements

Durability is a measure of how much the marking material is still left on the pavement surface in

satisfactory working condition. Durability measurements are subjective, and shall be based on

ASTM D 913 and are reported in percentage. Two evaluators will estimate the durability of each

line and the average of the two evaluators will constitute the durability measurement for the

marking.

8

45150.4720.4380.520o.479o.4420.5570.4t20.498FHWA YellowFHWA White 40o.3290.2740.3930.3400.3660.3680.3000.303

250.4000.4600.4400.4200.5100.4900.4400.560ASTM Yellow

350.3150.3350.3250.2850.3050.3050.3550.355ASTM White

X2Y1X1Standard/Color Y-u*Y-itY+X4Y¡X3Yz

Figure 4: Measuring Chromacity and Retroreflectivity of Test Markings at Eastern/lVindmill

Figure 5: Measuring Retroreflectivity of Test Markings on the Desert Inn Test Deck

9

RETROREF LE CTNE RP M P RO D U CT S

Field measurements for retroreflectivity and durability are taken for each product at

approximately three-rnonth intervals. For each product, measuremenls are taken on one of every

four markers, fot a sampling rate of 25Vo.

Reftoreflectivitv meætrreme¡ts

Retroreflectivily Íleasurements were taken using the ART-1200 instrument. Measuremerrts are

taken using the 0.2 degree sbservation angle geometry, simulating the view of a driver of the

observation point. The standard SI unit of, measure for retroreflectivity (RI) is mcd/lx.

Durabilitv measurements

Durability is measqed as a proportion of markers remaining in place and in good physical

condition. Forlost markers, a distinction is made between those lost due to failure of the bonding

between the adhesive and the markers, or betweon the adhesive and the pavernentsurface,

10

Y. Field Data and Preliminary Evaluations of Pavement Marking Materials

This section reports and summarizes observations for the field measurements for

retroreflectivity, chromacity, and durability taken approximately six months after installation of

the intersection and longitudinal products.

RETRO RE F LECT IVITY READ IN G S

Tables 6 through 16 present the retroreflectivity readings for each product and location. One

major finding from the latest readings was that many products retained a greater percentage of

initial retroreflectivity on the tire tracks, rather than the skip areas. The most likely reason for

this is the increased amount of rain before the measurements were taken. It is believed that the

abrasion of tires passing over these areas during rain caused a cleaning effect, which would mean

that skip areas would be affected less than the tire tracks.

For intersection products, retroreflectivity readings for almost all the products have dropped

significantly from the initial retroreflectivity readings that averaged about 220-430 down to

about 110 for tire track locations and 130 for skip line locations (Tables 6 and 7). Products with

higher initial retroreflectivity did not necessarily end-up with higher third readings. Generally,

the three polyurea products retained a greater percentage of their initial retroreflectivity (Table 8)

compared to the tape and preformed thermoplastic products. A more detailed analysis is included

in the Preliminary Evaluations section later in this report.

With respect to the white longitudinal products installed at the DI test deck, the retroreflectivity

readings have also dropped dramatically for almost all products since installation. Many products

only retained about 60-707o of their initial retroreflectivity readings.

Retroreflectivity readings have also dropped substantially for almost all yellow longitudinal

products since installation. Most products retained about 70-907o of their initial retroreflectivity.

A more detailed analysis is included in the Preliminary Evaluations section later in this report.

11

Table 6: Retroreflectivity Results for Intersection Tape Products

ÄverageTire TracksSkin Areas

22.67o23.57o

429434

76134

9l106

ATM 4000 Super DutyTire Tracks

Skip Areas

ATM 3000 Heavy DutyTire Tracks

Skip Areas

Briteline 1500 DurableTire Tracks

Skip AreasB¡iteline 1600 Durable

Tire Tracks

Skip Areas

12.IVo24.17o

20.37o

l4.5Vo

29.37o

15.5Vo

26.97o

22.57o

4'78

481

49160

58tt6

484503

38

13498

73

64

34

6049

218219

l6115

221

2t7t696

Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane

0 662 1265 *Eastern/Green Valley Intersection

Swarco Director 60Tire TracksSkip Areas

Swarco Director 90Tire Tracks

Skip Areas

13.9/o24.77o

l7.37o26.8Vo

633631

115

t2888

156

620638

TT9

148

108

l7t

Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

oer thru lane0 438 875

Eastern/lVindmill Intersection

36.5Vo

34.47o

24.37o

25.4To

505

520

273266

r70190

184

r19

84101

6668

3M Stamark 320IBSTire Tracks

Skip Arear

3M Stamark 420Tire TraclaSkip Areas


0 514 1028

Eastern/Warm Springs Intersection

Vo OrigrnalReading

Retained

Date of Reading:

200419-Apr 19-Jul 18-Oct

2005N/A N/A

Tape Products

t2

Table 7: Retroreflectivity Results for Intersection Preformed Thermoplastic Products

Table 8: Retroreflectivity Results for Intersection Polyurea Products

19.87o20.3%o

329356

6393

ó5

72

AverageTire TracksSkio Areas

19.\Vo2O.3Vo

Ztmar HotTape 90Tire Tracks

Skip Areas

329356

63

93

65

72

0 5t4 t028Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane

Eastern/lVarm Intersection

Vo OriginalReadingRetained

Date of Reading:2004

19-Apr 19-Jul 18-Oct

2005N/A N/A

Preformed Thermoplastics

74.6Vo

lO2.3Vo2232t7

173175

177216

AverageTire TracksSkip Areas

60.2Vo

ll0.2Vo

7O.9Vo

IO2.67o

165

137

t22t34

99150

t56r48

t2r118

111

152

3M Stamark 1000Tire T¡acksSkip Areas

Ennis IIPS-5Tire TracksSkip Areas

0 438 875Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

oer thru lane

Eastern/Windmill Intersection

Epoplex LS90Tire Tracks

Skip Areas

92;lVo94.27o

34',1

367

277

275322346

0 5t4 1028Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane

EastemNVarm Springs Intersection

To OriginalReadingRetained


10-Jun 19-Jul 18-Oct2005

NiA N/A

Polyurea Products

13

Table 9: Retroreflectivity Results for Longitudinal White Tape Products on AC Surface

56.lVo75.9Vo

402407

238254

2t7298

AverageTire TracksSkio Areas

'75.290

7t.4Vo

43.l%o

5I.7Vo

58.17o

6l.4Vo

48.6Vo

76.57o

26.14o

52.84o

38.I7o76.17o

32.47o

75.57o

l21.6Vo136.2Vo

302301

239t93

248274

284306

2272t5

578595

249307

479540

278364

584544

310381

284416

470431

188

261r22231

251250

r25t54

103

r31

96190

230 74r73229

3t936r

407

3t9401

49r

Swarco Director 35

Tire Tracks

Skip Areas

Swarco Director 60Tire TracksSkip fueas


ATM 3000 Heavy DutyTire TracksSkip Areas

ATM 4000 Super DutyTire TracksSkip Areas

BL 1500 DurableTire TracksSkip Areas

BL 1600 DurableTire Tracks

Skip Areas

3M Stamark 380IESTire Tracks

Skip Areas

0 66r r422Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

ner thru lane

Vo OriginalReading

Retained

Date of Reading:

200419-Apr 20-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A

Products and(Date of installation)

t4

Table 10: Retroreflectivity Results for Longitudinal Yellow Tape Products on AC Surface

79.27o98.4Vo

229236

179181

t76221

AverageTire TraclsSkip Areas

l16.jVolI8.07o

79.6Vo

9I.lVo

48.67o

53.8Vo

lll.l%oI3l.l%o

56.47o

82.SVo

61.27o

87.67o

4l.OVo

84.2Vo

IL9.47ol39.OVo

243243

256234

282286

236223

17tt63

188

203

374406

r742t7

182219

t73198

2292tt

193260

309293

t97240

r74241

183

t91r25119

IT2t72

tt9r22

6917

49103

t93206

2ro190

23r286

Swarco Director 35

Tire TracksSkip Areas

Swarco Director 60



Skip AreasATM 3000 Heavy Duty


ATM 4000 Super DuSTire TracksSkip Areas


BL 1600DruableTire TracksSkip Areas

3M Stamark 380IESTire TracksSkip Areas

0 66t r422Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per t¡ru lane

7o OriginalReadingRetained

Date of Reading:

200419-Apr 20-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A

Products and

(Date of installation)

15

Table 11: Retroreflectivity Results for Longitudinal White Polyurea Products on AC Surface

Table 12: Retroreflectivity Results for Longitudinal Yellow Polyurea Products on AC Surface

* Product placed on 6-17-04; cumulative vehicle passes at time of last measurement was 998,000

60.97o75.lVo

458457

254227

274340

YerageTire

3M Stamark 1000Tire Tracks

Skip Areas

3M Stamark 1200Tire TracksSkip Areas

Epoplex LS90Tire TracksSkip Areas

Ennis IIPS-5Tire Tracks

Skip Areas

47;l7o68.9Vo

37.67o

57.5Vo

12.lVo88;l7o

85.6Vo

9l.l7o

313313

r62r62

1492r6

579562

226238

218290

580584

360287

268222

42r519

360368

308336

0 66r t422Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

per thru lane

Vo OnginalReadingRetained

Date of Reading:

200419-Apr 20-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A


5O.9Vo

7l.8Vo3s4358

199186

184

2s3

AverageTire TracksSkip Äreas

42.2Vo

5I.2Vo

18.17o

33.27o

87.3Vo

I28.8Vo

55.37o

74.I7o

244265

744737

101

to7103

136

t76r82

t39245

294242

256312

427 226212

236

320432

3M Stamark 1000Tire TrackrSkip Arear


Epoplex LS90 x


Ennis IIPS-STire Tracks

Skip Areas

0 66t r422Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

oer thru lane

Vo OtiginalReading

Retained

Date of Reading:

200419-Apr 2O-JuI

2005N/A3-Nov N/A


16

Table 13: Retroreflectivity Results for Longitudinal White Tape Products on PCC Surface

62.07o86.7Vo

421425

219280

2523s3


67.67o

9O.l%o

4l.4Vo

57.9Vo

50.8Vo

63.4Vo

65.87o

III.OTo

59.67o

80.77o

43.8Vo

89.87o

30.77o

77.77o

136.27o

I23.3Vo

260252

155

156116

227

122136

25037r

299426

602604

546548

230335

306383

3r1429

360608

249331

4r8418

199301

r32t67

257256

113

230

237237

325350

105

148

IJ184

369330

44243r

Swarco Director 35



Skip Areas


Skip Areas




BL 1600 DurableTìre TracksSkip Areas

3M Stamark 380IESTire TracksSkip Areas

0 66r r422Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane


Date of Reading:

200419-Apr 20-Jul

2005

N/A3-Nov N/A

Products and


I7

Table 14: Retroreflectivity Results for Longitudinal Yellow Tape Products on PCC Surface

86.7 7o

lll.9%ò249250

163194

215275

AverageTire TracksSkip,{reas

98.3Vo

I33.O7o

88.57o

98.6%ò

44.I7o7O.8Vo

I48.l%oI9I.3Vo

97.2Vo

I2l.l7o

63.3Vo

92.7Vo

39.2Vo

76.8Vo

ll4.67ollLO%o

288289

223223

2t0236

283384

r43t64

r91220

369382

r66229

t63270

168

164r76t96

249313

4tl409

273345

399495

190r93

108

r25t20t79

rt9t22

5973

4793

225218

n0184

258242

Swarco Director 35

Tire Tracks

Skip AreasSwarco Director 60






BL 1600 DurableTire Tracks

Skip Areas

3M Stamark 380IESTire Tracks

Skip Areas


0 66t r422



Date of Reading:

zoo419-Apr 20-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A

18

Table 15: Retroreflectivity Results for Longitudinal White Polyurea Products on PCC Surface


63.4%7l.8Vo

516

501

242258

321357

56.5Vo

65.77o

33.9Vo

48.47o

87.67o

89.27o

l5.4Vo83.\Vo

373354

t62189

2TI233

647613

234271

324305

246262

220297

562564

493503

481475

363398



Epoplex LS90Tire TracksSkip Areas

Ennis HPS-5Tire TracksSkip Areas


oer thru lane



19-Apr 20-Iul2005

N/A3-Nov N/A

Products and


Table 16: Retroreflectivity Results for Longitudinal Yellow Polyrrea Products on PCC Surface

* Product placed on 6-11-04; cumulative vehicle passes at time of last measurement wa¡ 998,000

67.9Vo

67.ÙVo

verageTire 271

269159t66

206208

25.97o

21.67o

26.6Vo

23.5Vo

I4L27oI42.5Vo

18.07o'74.3Vo

r31r31

3532

3638

493485

746t40

13It14

2r724t

306343

452455

24t25r

3s3338

3M Stamark 1000Tire Tracks

Skip Areas


Epoplex LS90 *Tire TracksSkip Areas

Ennis HPS-5Tire TracksSkip Areas

0 66r 1422Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane

Products and



Date of Reading:

200419-Apr 20-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A

19

COLOR READINGS

Tables 17 through 27 present the chromacity readings for each product and test location. Figures

6 through 15 show the color readings for each product plotted on against the ASTM D 6628-03

and FTIWA 23 CFR Part 655 acceptance limits. Figures 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 present product

performance based on acceptance limits for the x and y readings. Similarly, Figures 7,9, 11, L3

and 15 present product performance based on the "Y" value.

For intersection products, the x and y chromacity readings for all products were well within the

acceptance regions under both the ASTM and FHWA standards (Figure 6 and Tables I7-L9).

I{owever, the luminance factor "Y" readings have reduced significantly for all intersection

products since placement and are all below the minimum specified in both ASTM and FTIWA

standards (Tables 17 through 19, and Figure 7). Generally, polyrea products have retained the

highest percentage of the initial luminance, "Y", readings.

A similar trend in chromacity readings is observed for the white longitudinal products (Figures 8,

9, 12 and 13, and Tables 20, 22, 24 and 26). Polyurea products have retained the highest

percentage of the initial luminance ("Y") readings. Also, the luminance factor "Y" for products

on the PCC test deck were generally higher than on the AC test deck.

For the yellow longitudinal products, the chromacity readings have reduced substantially more

than the white products from their initial values for both the x and y readings as well as the "Y"

readings. The values for the Epoplex product are significantly higher than the other pavement

markings probably because this product was placed later than the other products (see Tables 23

and 27).'With respect to the x and y readings, all the products fell outside the more restrictive

FHWA acceptance range (Figures 10 and 14). Most products were also outside the ASTM range

as well. A complete listing of the products outside of each acceptance region is presented in

Table 41 in the Preliminary Evaluations section.

20

-t - f

I

I

II

I

I

-FWII/{White- -ASTM White

tr Skip Area Readings

X Tire Track Readings

___I___-t_ _

+l

rL

rl

I

t

I,

,,/7.-

L

\--i\

a I

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+F

l __t

1

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fI

q)

d

€

I

0.40

0.35

0.30

0.25 0.30x coordinate

0.35 0.40

Figure 6: Chromacity Color Readings for White Intersection Products Plotted Against ASTMand FHWA Acceptance Limits

Figure 7: Chromacity "Y" Color Readings for White Intersection Products Compared to theASTM and FTIWA Acceptance Limits

87n12

tz1416 15

t72020

9 9

1314

19

22

I 11 11 11

White-Skip ffi White-Ti¡e - - ASTM rilhite Mrn

-FIIWA

White Min

ØEì

N

Ø

50

45

40

35

30

o ,<â-'ã:20:15

10

5

0

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NsØ

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o

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Yendor and Product

o!o

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f¡l

HØ8odF

aooÕ

t-

H

Õ

Io

)a8a¡É

2l

c)cll

oo9

0.40

0.35

0.30

o'25 o'30 x coordinate

o'35 o'40

Figure 8: Chromacity Color Readings for Longitudinal White Products on AC Surface PlottedAgainst ASTM and FTIWA Acceptance Limits

Figure 9: Chromacity "Y" Color Readings for Longitudinal 'White

Products on AC SurfaceCompared to the ASTM and FHWA Acceptance Limits

-FWHA White

- -ASTMWhite



L

I

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L

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1273

16 l7l81819

21

99 9t2

22

t4 15

White-Skip ñWhite-Ti¡e' - ASTMrilhiteMin.

-FIIWA

WhiteMin.

àØ

50

45

40

35

å'oC!

:2s>=20

15

10

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0

N

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oô\ØJxoÈoÀf¡l

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e€JÊa

Ør¡ì=æ¿Ø

a/)

ÉÉf¡l

22

0,55

0.50

0.40

0.35

0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60x coordinate

Figure 10: Chromacity Color Readings for Longitudinal Yellow Products on AC Surface PlottedAgainst ASTM and FHWA Acceptance Limits

Figure 11: Chromacity "Y" Color Readings for Longitudinal Yellow Products on AC SurfaceCompared to the ASTM and FFIWA Acceptance Limits

0.45

é)

G

li

I

-F

L

lt--l--l--T--f--

tll--1--+--+--+--

ltl- J__l_ 1 t__

trtltttrttrt

llll- r I l---l--

llllts--t -t---L--llll

__L__t___t__ t_tttttttttttltttl

-FIfWA Yellow

- -ASTMYellowtr Skip Area Readings


1 1 t-

-l f + +tttt

__J__l_ t__t__tlll

-tr1

-tt

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II

l-r- (--r---r--

I

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I

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II

ttttllattttt

-f--J--+--+--tttttllatttttttttttt

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l

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+I

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tltlltt+ttttttttttttttttrttttttt

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11

788

10 q10 10

19

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HØ

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- - ASTM Yellow Min.

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Yellow-SkioFFIWA Yelìow Min.

€H

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50

45

40

35

o30=a!>25

=2O

15

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0

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aO

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â

'at

23

-FWtIl{ White

- -ASTMWhite



L

I

ttlttttttttt

- | - + I +---

L

/_\ \

Il

I

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ll

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I

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I

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L

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+

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1)+/-t

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I

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I

_lI

I

I

I

II

0.35

q)

cl

I>.

0.40

0.30

o'25 o'30 x coordinate o'35 o'40

Figure 12: Chromacity Color Readings for Longitudinal White Products on PCC Surface PlottedAgainst ASTM and FFfWA Acceptance Limits

Figure 13: Chromacity "Y" Color Readings for Longitudinal White Products on PCC SurfaceCompared to the ASTM and FIIWA Acceptance Limits

g891012 tt 12

t+r514

g9 99 1og g g12tt 12 tt

White-Skip [slwhite-Tte'' ASTMWhiteMin.

-FHWAWhiteMin.

o€oo

Ø

50

45

40

35

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6t

:2s>=20

15

10

5

0

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H

o

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24

0.55ttlttstttrtttL- I I I

rllr-_r_-l___l___r__tttt

ttttrtttrttt

0.50

0.40

0.35

0.40 0.45 0.50 0.5s 0.60x coordinate

Figure 14: Chromacity Color Readings for Longitudinal Yellow Products on PCC SurfacePlotted Against ASTM and FIIWA Acceptance Limits

Figure 15: Chromacity "Y" Color Readings for Longitudinal Yellow Products on PCC SurfaceCompared to the ASTM and FIfWA Acceptance Limits

0.45

o)

cl

Ë

c,¡

T

ts

L

tl--T--l-

tt--Ê- I

ttl__L__t___l_____

ttttttltttttt!

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-FIIWA Yellow

- - ASTM Yellow

EI Skip Area Readings


--a--1--T--

--l -J- + +ttrt

iftttt¡t

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-

ltt

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l+

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L

tltt--a- a--a t -

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lt,r+!a) t__t__i__tttttttt

-'1_t,__t___t__

+

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-t--l--t -+--ltttttttttttttttttttrttt

I

fI

l

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+t+!

t

6787 glo

't6

I99

16

55 'l 6

1ogo 11

Yellow-SkinFIIWA Yel'low Min.

O

H

Ø

@lYellow-TtreFIIWA Yellow Max.

!U)Oes

r - ASTM Yellow Min.

ôØ,loÀoo

t¡.ì

50

45

40

35

é)?O

d>25

=20

15

10

5

UooÂ

HÈØ

H

ãv)

H

ozF

Êo

F]

Êa

Vendor and Product

!o\oJÉ

(t)f!@

U)

o

t/)

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oN

Øà

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át¡l

25

Table 17: Color for Intersection T Products

AverageTire TracksSkip Areas

ATM 4000 Super Duty

ATM 3000 Heavy Duty

Briteline 1500 Durable

Briteline 1600 DurableTi¡e Tracks

Skip Areas

Tire Tracks

Skip Arear

Tire Tracks

Skip Areas

Ti¡e Tracks

Skip Arear

Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)oer thru lane

Swa¡co Director 60

Swarco Director 90Tire TracksSkip A¡eas

Ti¡e Tracks

Skip Areas

Cumfative Vehicle Passes ('000)

oer tlru lane

3M Stama¡k 320IES

3M Stama¡k 420Ti¡e Tracks

Skip Areas


Cum¡lative Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane

Tape Products

0.316 0.336 74

0.316 0.336 7s0.328 0.34s0.329 0.34s

0.326 0.343 15

0.326 0.344 1s

t4l7

t523

0.317 0.337 67

0.317 0.337 68

0.317

0.3t7

0.315 0.335 820.31s 0.335 82

0.314 0.334 820.314 0.334 82

0337 67

0337 67

0.329 0.3450329 0.346

0.328 0.344 t20.329 0.346 2t

0.329 0.3450.328 0.34s

0.329 0.3450.329 0.345

t7t7

t618

0.326 0.3430.326 0.344

0.326 0.3440.327 0.344

0.327 0.344 20

0.327 0.345 20

0.327 0.345 2t0.327 0.345 22

t5r6

t7t6

1265 *0 662

81

81

0.320 0.340 740.320 0.340 7s

0.317 0.337

0.3t7 0.337

0.328 0.3460329 0.346

0329 0.3460329 0.345

l5t6

18

t9

0.327 0.345 11

0.327 0344 9

0.327 0.3440.327 0.345

l413

0 438 875

0.316 0.336 790.316 0.336 79

0.312 0333 630312 0334 63

0.328 0.345 13

0.328 0.345 15

0.327 0.344 10

0.327 0.344 10

0325 0.3420.327 0.344

0.323 0341 9

0.323 0342 ll

lll4

514 to280

Date of Reading:2004l9-Apr

yYxyYxyYxN/A

x19-Jul l8-Oct

yYx VY

2005N/A

19.$Vo

2O-l4o

25.l%a

26.8Vo

24.l%o

23.8Va

26.O7o

23.74o

22.7Vo

23.27o

75.3Vo

12.5Va

I7.2Va

16.3Vo

þ¿slsrnirwi¡dmi ll Intersection

13.7Vo

l'1.47o

14.2Vo

16.\Vo

Eastern/Warm Intersection

Va OriginalY Reading

Retained

* Readings taken 10-25-04

26


Zumar HotTape 90Tire TracksSkio Areas


Preformed Thermoplastics

0.323 0.347 660.323 0.347 66

0.324 0.3430.324 0.343

88

0.322 0.34L0.322 0.341

7I

0.323 0.347 660.323 0.347 66

0.324 0.3430.324 0.343

8

8

0.322 0.3410.322 0.347

7

8

574 lo280

xyYx vYx vYx vYx vY

Date of Reading:

18-Oct2004

lg-Jul N/A N/Al9-Apr2005

Ll.37o72.6Vo

ll.3Va12.6Vo

Intersectionarm

Vo OrignalY ReadingRetained

Table 18: Color Chromaci

Table 19: Color

for Intersection Preformed

for Intersection

Products

Products

Eastern/Warm

AverageTire TraclaSkio Areas

3M Stama¡k 1000

Ennis HPS-5Ti¡e Tracks

Skio Arezu

Tire TraclaSkip Areas


Epoplex LS90Tire TraclaSkio A¡eas


Polyurea Products

0.3?2 0.342 350.322 0.342 32

0.328 0.346 t40.328 0.346 15

0.325 0.343 72

0.327 0.345 74

32

3l

T4

t6

0.321 0.34r0321 0.341

0.324 0.343 340.324 0342 33

0.327 0.346 13

0.328 0.346 t5

0.329 03460329 0346

0.325 03430326 0.344

0.327 0.3430.327 0.344

t31l

t21l

0.32t 0.342 390.322 0342 32

0.327 0.3450.327 0.345

t615

0.324 0.3430.327 0.346

1l19

514 lo280

x vYx vYx vYx vYx vY

Date of Reading:

l8-Oct2004

19-Jut1O-Jun N/AN/A2005

0 438 875

34.lVo43.2Vo

40.0Vo

35.7Vo

34.57o

33.\Vo

Easter¡/\ilindmi I I I¡tersection

27.87o

60.lVo

Intersection

Vo OigsnalY Reading

Retained

27

Table 20: Color Chromaci for White Products on AC Surface

Tire TracksSkio Areas

Average

Swarco Director 35

Swa¡co Director 60

Swa¡co Di¡ector 90

ATM 3000 Heavy Duty

ATM 4000 Super Duty

3M Stama¡k 380IES

BL 1600 Durable

BL 1500 Durable


Tire Tracks

Skip Areas

Tire Tracks

Skip Areas


Tire Tracks

Skip Areas

Tire Track¡Skip Areas

Tire TrackSkip Areas




66r r4220

Date of Reading:200419-Apr 2O-Jul N/A

x3-Nov

YYX yYx yYx vYx vY

2005N/A

0.318 0.338 60 0.328 0.345 16 0.325 0.343 160.318 0.338 63 0.327 0.344 19 0.323 0.341 13

0.320 0.339 7I 0.331 0.347 23 0.330 0.346 220.319 0.338 74 0328 0346 28 0.328 0.346 18

0.319 0.339 64 0.328 0.346 15 0.328 0.346 13

0.319 0.338 67 0.327 0.345 21 0324 0.342 rO

0.320 0.34t 43 0.326 0.343 t3 0.325 0.343 12

0.320 0.340 48 0.326 0.344 16 0320 0.339 9

34434r

8

6

8

5

0.318 0.337 69 0.

0.317 0.336 14 0.

0.316 0.30.314 0.3

36 4335 50

0.315 0.335 73 0.3280.315 0.335 73 0.329

0.32r 0342 69 0.325o.32r 0343 68 0.326

0.319 0.340 46 0.327 0.343 15 03240.319 0.339 52 0.325 0.342 t7 0.322

0.345 14 03250.345 14 0.323

328 03M 22 0.327 0.

326 0.343 27 0324 0.

0.343 15 0.323 0.3400.344 15 0.322 0.339

0.342 16

0.341 13

0.328 0.346 13 0322 0.339 L7

0.329 0.346 16 0327 0.340 13

0.343 12

0.340 10

Vo OriginalY ReadingRetained

27.ÙVo

20.67o

3l.OVo

24.2Vo

26.07o

19.9Vo

26.OVa

23.2Vo

22.3Vo

18.2Vo

25.77o

19.3Vo

27.2Vo

18.37o

38.5Vo

26.IVo

19.6Vo

15.4Vo

28

Table 21: Color for Yellow Products on AC Surface


Average

Swa¡co Director 35

Swarco Director 60

Swa¡co Director 90

ATM 3000 Heavy Duty

ATM 4000 Super Duty

3M Stama¡k 380IES

BL 1600 Durable

BL 1500 Durable


Tire Tracks

Skip Areas





Ti¡e Tracks

Skip Areas


Cumulative Vehicle Passes (000)per th¡u lane


0.480 0.452 37 0.431 0.419 t2 0.418 0.4L3 t20.483 0.453 39 0.441 0.424 t4 0.408 0.40s 9

0.494 0.462 40 0.451 0.430 15 0.435 0.426 13

0.491 0.464 46 0.463 0.437 18 0.430 0.423 12

0.487 0.458 32 0.442 0.425 11 0.413 0.408 90.490 0.460 36 0.454 0.434 14 0.398 0.398 1

0.49t 0.460 31 0.447 0.426 13 0.425 0.418 11

0.491 0.460 37 0.452 0.430 14 0.409 0.406 8

0.475 0.455 48 0.431 0.422 14 0.443 0.433 200.476 0.455 49 0.438 0.426 15 0.431 0.426 15

0.472 0.448 47 0.424 0.415 13 0.411 0.409 13

0.472 0.448 47 0.431 0.42r 15 0.397 0.397 8

0.482 0.447 32 0.421 0.4t7 11 0.403 0.401 9

0.485 0.448 35 0.438 0.422 13 0.394 0.393 7

0.473 0.449 27 0.418 0.413 11 0.402 0.404 10

0.478 0.452 3t 0.429 0.417 rt 0.397 0.402 8

0.467 0.435 30 0.411 0.402 II 0.412 0.406 13

0.473 0.439 34 0.420 0.405 13 0.404 0.399 10

66r r4220

xyYx vYx vYx YYx YY

Date of Reading:200419-Apr

2005N/A20-Jul N/A3-Nov

33.47o23.77o

32.9Vo

26.l,Vo

21.8Vo

L9.5Vo

29.2Vo

2I.87o

41.07o

30-37o

27.4Vo

I7.47o

27.7Vo

2O.8Vo

37.OVo

26.OVa

M.O7o27.8Vo

Vo OriginalY ReadingRetained

29

Average

Ti¡eT!ad(SkipArer

3Mstrr¡æk 1000

3Mstamark f200

FnnisHP$5

þoplexIS90

Tire TraclaSkip Areai

Tire TrackSkip Area

Tire TrackSkip Area

Tire T¡aclaSkip Arear

Gmrlative Vehicle Passes (000)

oer tbru lare

(Date ofinstallation)Ploórcts a¡d

6l0 1422

xyYx yYx VYX vYxvY

Date ofReading:2Wl9-Apr

2m5N/A2GJr¡] 3-Nov l.{/A

0.319 0.339 û 0.327 0.W 2t 0.32s 0.343 17

0.319 0339 62 0.325 0.yt 26 0323 o.yt 12

0.320 0.340 60 0.326 0.343 t7 0325 0.343 14

0.320 0.34 63 0.326 0.344 23 0.323 0.341 9

o.32t 0340 56 0.3',26 0343 t4 0328 0.344 15

0.321 0.341 58 0.326 0.345 22 0.3'24 0.341 9

0.317 0.337 63 0.328 0.346 28 0.325 0.343 19

0.317 0.338 65 0.323 0.341 33 0.34 0343 15

0.317 0.338 63 0.326 0.344 24 0323 0.342 2t0.317 0.339 6t 0.325 0.344 25 0.322 0.340 t5

Vo{À$nalYReading

Retained

8.8Vo79.5/o

33.97o

25.lVo

30.4Vo

'23.lVo

Z7.OVo

16.l%a

'23.9Vo

73.6Vo

Table 22: Color

Table 23; Color Chromaci

for tudinal White Pol Products on AC Surface

for Yellow Products on AC Surface

AverageTireTlac.kSkin Area.

3M SÞûark 1000

3M Stanark 1200

F¡nis HPS-5

Epoplex lS90 *

Ti¡e TrackSkip A¡ea¡

Tite TrackSkip Arear

Tire TraclaSkip Arezu

Tire TraclaSkip Area

mtlmlmeCì¡rulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

Products and

@aæ of insøllatiou)

0.368 0.333 3t 0.437 0.41s 16 0.421 0.409 140.368 0.33¿f 31 0.455 O.4LS 21 0.409 0-402 10

0,501 0.448 44 0.422 0.400 9 0.416 0.404 10

0.500 0.448 43 0458 0.42t t5 0.411 0.400 9

0.492 0.444 44 0430 0.407 tt 0.411 0.401 10

0.494 0.447 43 0.446 0.416 t4 0-392 0.388 7

0.478 0.439 37 0A41 0.414 15 0.430 0.412 14

0.478 0.439 38 0.4s2 0.420 19 0.417 0.4M lt

--- 0.456 0.440 29 0.428 0.421 19

--- 0.M4 0.441 35 0.418 0.415 13

0 661 1422

xvYxvYxvYxvYxvY

Date ofReading:2W19-Apr

2005

N/A2GJul 3-Nov N/A

38.lVo25-64o

38.5Vo

28.ZVo

66.6Vo

37.3Va

23.8Vo

15-97a

23.67a

2l-LVo

Vo Orig¡nøÌ.

Y Reading

Retained

* Product placed on 6-17-04; crunulative vehicle passes at last nreasu¡ement was 998,000

30

Table 24: Color for tudinal White Products on PCC Surface

Tire TraclaSkin Areas

Average

Swarco Director 35

Swarco Di¡ector 60

Swarco Director 90

ATM 3000 Heavy Duty

ATM 4000 Super Duty

3M Stama¡k 380IES

BL 1600 Durable

BL 1500 Durable

Tire TracksSkip A¡eas

Tire Tracks

Skip Areas


Tire Tracks

Skip Areas



Tire Tracks

Skip Areas



Þer th¡u lane


0.31.8 0.s38 56 0.328 0.346 20 0.32s 0.343 100.318 0.338 s7 0.325 0.343 29 0.324 0.342 lt

0.321 0.341 48 0.325 0.344 20 0.324 0.342 1r0.320 0.340 48 0.323 0.341 22 0.325 0.343 72

0.318 0.336 50 0.33t 0.347 18 0.325 0.342 rr0.317 0.336 53 0.326 0.342 26 0.326 0.343 12

0320 0340 47 0.327 0.345 20 0.324 0.342 90320 0.340 46 0.323 0.342 3t 0.323 0.341 9

0.315 0.335 49 0.331 0.348 t4 0.321 0.340 11

0.315 0.336 48 0.330 0.347 21 0.322 0.342 12

8

8

0.30.3

329327

328325

.343

.3440.3190.319

18

18

0.319 0.3400.319 0.339

51

51

0.337 61 0.328 0.3450.337 67 0325 0.343

0.320 0.338 '.72 0.330 0.3470320 0.339 1r 0321 0.344

25 0.

37 0.

27 0.

37 0.

0.338 69 0.328 0.345 I7 0.325 00.339 69 0326 0.344 3r 0325 0

0.326 0.344 22 0.324 0.342 90.324 0.342 29 0.322 0.34t 8

0.346 10

0.344 9

0.346 t20343 14

66r r4220

x vYx YYx VYX vYx vY


2005N/A3-Nov N/A20-Jul

I8.7Vo19.27o

23.97o

24.87o

22.67o

23.IVo

19.6Vo

2O.OVo

23.07o

24.7Va

17.1Vo

16.IVo

12.3Vo

Il.67o

14.3Vo

L4.l%o

L6.IVo19.6Vo

7o OnginalY Reading

Retained

3L

Table 25: Color for Yellow Products on PCC Surface

Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per th¡u lane


Tire TracksSkio Areas

Average

Swa¡co Director 35

Swarco Director 60

Swa¡co Di¡ector 90

ATM 3000 Heavy Duty

ATM 4000 Super Duty

3M Stama¡k 380IES

BL 1600 Durable

BL 1500 Durable


Tire Tracks

Skip Areas


Tire Tracks

Skip Areas


Ti¡e TracksSkip Areas



x YYx YYx vYx yYx vY


2005N/A N/A20-Jul 3-Nov

0.48r. 0.453 36 0.439 0.42s t4 0.39s 0.396 I0.481 0.453 36 0.453 0.433 L9 0.409 0.407 9

0.495 0.464 42 0.459 0.437 17 0,398 0.397 7

0.494 0.464 41 0.467 0.442 20 0.413 0.411 8

0.490 0.46t 36 0.450 0.432 13 0.391 0.391 5

0.489 0.461 37 0.469 0.443 20 0.397 0.397 5

0.493 0.464 41 0.446 0.429 t3 0.393 0.395 6

0.494 0.465 4t 0.468 0.443 20 0.405 0.406 7

0.466 0.448 32 0.435 0.424 14 0.409 0.407 10

0.464 0.448 32 0.436 0.424 t4 0.430 0.423 13

0.468 0.450 38 0.436 0.426 t5 0.40t 0.402 9

0.469 0.450 38 0.445 0.432 18 0.421 0.4t6 Ir

0.484 0.448 35 0.445 0.427 15 0.390 0.392 7

0.485 0.448 35 0.463 0.435 21 0.399 0.396 6

0.478 0.453 31 0.429 0.420 12 0.388 0.394 8

0.477 0.452 30 0.4s5 0.43s 20 0.402 0.405 9

0.472 0.437 30 0.412 0.40r rL 0.390 0.392 8

0.4'74 0.438 31 0.424 0.408 15 0.407 0.403 10

66r 14220

Vo OtiginalY ReadingRetained

21^.8%

24.7Vo

3L87o4O.37o

22.1Vo

28.4Vo

19.77o

18.6Vo

24.47o

28.9Vo

28.ZVo

3l.3Vo

15.3Vo

16.27o

14.6Vo

I4.77o

17.47a

19.O7o

32

ftoó¡cts a¡rd


Average

TireTladsSkin Areaq

3M Stamârk 1000

3MStaÍlark f200

FmisHPS-5

FpoplexIS90

Tire TrackSkio Are¿¡

Ti¡e TrackSkip Areæ

Tire T¡ackSkip Areas

Tre TrackSkip Areas

O¡m¡lalive Vehicle Passes ('000)

oer thru lane

0.319 0340 63 0.327 03/¡5 23 0.325 0343 11

0.319 0340 A OsU 0s4ø. 36 0323 0.y2 tt

0.320 0.34t 63 0.329 0.347 18 0.326 0.344 90.320 0.34 63 0.3',26 0.346 32 0.324 0.342 tO

0322 0.342 59 0.330 0.349 18 0.326 0.343 90.323 0.343 58 0.326 0346 29 0.325 0.344 9

0.317 0.339 65 0.323 0.343 28 0.323 0.342 12

0.317 0.339 6s 0.322 0.342 38 0.321 0.341 l0

0.317 0.338 & 0.325 0.343 30 0.326 0.343 15

o.3t7 0.337 & 0.322 0.342 44 0.323 0.34r 14

0 61 1422

Date of Reading:

2W19-Apr 2GJul 3-Nov

YxvYxMA

Yx Yx YX

2æ5MA

17.97a

fl.2Va

22.8Vo

27.6Vo

L8.5Va

15.3Va

15.8Vo

16.OVa

l4.7Vo

15.9Vo

7o{ñ$r.alYReadingRetained

Table 26: Color

Table 27: Color

for White Products on PCC Surface

for tudinal Yellow Pol Products on PCC Surface

AverageTire TraclaSkin Aree¡

3M Starnark 1000

3M Sømark 1200

Ennis HPS-5

Epoplex LS90 *

Tire TraclsSkip Arear

Ti¡e TrackSkip Arear

Tire TrackSkip Arear

Tire TrackrSkip Area,

ne¡ thnr laneCumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

(Date of installaúon)Products and

0.36E 0337 3s 0.449 0.427 20 0.418 0.407 11

0.367 0336 34 0.458 0.430 26 0.431 0.418 13

0.497 0.454 51 0.435 0.418 13 0.429 0.415 t30.494 0.451 50 0.444 0.420 18 0.444 0.427 76

0.498 0.455 51 0.448 0425 t7 0.415 0.405 11

0.496 0.454 50 0.459 0.428 24 0.440 0.423 16

0.477 0.439 38 0.458 0.426 24 0.418 0.401 10

0.4'17 0.440 37 0.460 0.428 26 0.428 0.412 t2

--- 0.45s 0.439 27 0.412 0.404 10

--- 0.467 0.445 35 0.413 0.407 9

0 661 t422

xvYxvYxvYxvYxvY

Date ofReading:2004l9-Apr

2005NiA20-Jul 3-Nov N/A

VoOagtnzn

Y Reading

Retained

27.9Vo30.6Vo

28.0Vo

32.SVa

35.8Vo

25.67o

22.2Va

31.47o

25.7Vo

32.\Vo

* Product placed on 6-17-04; cumulative vehicle passes at last measurement $/as

55

DURABILITY READINGS

Durability readings are taken by two evaluators. Each evaluator makes a subjective reading of

each marking based upon the percentage of the marking remaining in place. These percentages

are then averaged for each product at each test location. Thus, the durability reading on the

placement date of every product is 100. Tables 28 through 38 present the durability readings for

each product and test location.

Durability measurements for all intersection products have been about 907o or higher, with the

exception of the Brite-Line and 3M Stamark 420 intersection tape products (Table 28). The

RTC's QPL standards require that durability remain at or above 9O7o for intersection products

used on heavy volume roadways. Durability measurements for white and yellow longitudinal

products on the DI test deck were all957o or higher. The RTC's QPL standards require that

durability remain at or above 987o for white longitudinal products used on heavy volume

roadways, and957o for yellow longitudinal products on heavy volume roadways.

34

Table 28: Durabili

* Readings taken 7O-25-04

for Intersection Products

ATM 4000 Super Duty

ATM 3000 Heavy Duty



96

96

87

89

95

95

81

83100

100

100

100

1265 *6620Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

oer thru lane

EasterrVGreen Valley Intersection

97

99

92

98100

100Swarco Director 60

Swarco Director 90

8154380Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane

Eastern/Windmill Intersection

3M Stamark 320IES

3M Stamark 420

96

95

90

86

100

100

514 IO280Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane

Eastern/lVarm Springs Intersection

Tape Products Date of Reading:

200419-Apr 19-Jul

2005N/A N/A18-Oct

35

Table 29: Durability Readings for Intersection Preformed Thermoplastic Products

Table 30: Durability Readings for Intersection Polyurea Products

100 100 97Zumar HotTape 90

0 5t4 1028Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane

arm Intersection

Date of Reading:

200419-Aor 19-Jul 18-Oct

2005N/A N/A

Preformed Thermoplastic s

100 99 98

100 100 97

3M Stamark 1000

Ennis IIPS-5

0 438 815Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

oer tlru lane

Eastern/Windmill Intersection100 97 95Epoplex LS90


oer thru lane0 514 lo28

arm Intersection


10-Jun 19-Jul 18-Oct2005

N/A N/A

Polyurea Products

36

Table 31: Durability Readings for Longitudinal White Tape Products on AC Surface

100 100 99

99

99

99

99

97

96

98

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 99

100 98

100 100

Swarco Director 35

Swarco Director 60

Swarco Director 90

ATM 3000 Heavy Duty

ATM 4000 Super Duty

BL 1500 Durable

BL 1600 Durable

3M Stamark 380IES


oer thru lane

Products and

(Date of installation)Date of Reading:

200419-Apr 20-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A

Table 32: Durability Readings for Longitudinal Yellow Tape Products on AC Surface

100 100 99

100

97

99

99

96

96

99

100 100

100 99

100 100

100 100

100 96

100 98

100 100

Swarco Director 35

Swarco Director 60

Swarco Director 90

ATM 3000 Heavy Duty

ATM 4000 Super Duty

BL 1500 Durable

BL 1600 Durable

3M Stamark 380IES


oer thru lane


19-Aor ZO-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A

Products and


37

Table 33: Durability Readings for Longitudinal White Polyurea Products on AC Surface

3M Stamark 1000

3M Stamark 1200

Epoplex LS90

Ennis IIPS-5

100 100

100

r00

100

99

100

99

98

100

100

100

0 66t t422Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane

Date of Reading:

200419-Apr 20-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A


Table 34: Durability Readings for Longitudinal Yellow Polyrea Products on AC Surface

3M Stamark 1000

3M Stamark 1200

Epoplex LS90 *

Ennis IIPS-5

100 100

100

100

100

99

r00

99

99

100

100


oer thru lane

Products and

(Date of installation)of

20-Jul 3-Nov2005

N/A N/A

* Product placed on 6-17 -04; cumulative vehicle passes at time of last measurement wa¡ 998,000

38

Table 35: Durability Readings for Longitudinal White Tape Products on PCC Surface

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

98

99

100

100

100

99

100

99

97

98

98

Swarco Director 35

Swarco Director 60

Swarco Director 90

ATM 3000 Heavy Duty

ATM 4000 Super Duty

BL 1500 Durable

BL 1600 Durable

3M Stamark 380IES

0 66t 1422Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

oer thru lane


19-Aor 20-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A


Table 36: Durability Readings for Longitudinal Yellow Tape Products on PCC Surface

100 100 99

99

100

99

99

95

98

98

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 95

100 99

100 100

Swarco Director 35

Swarco Director 60

Swarco Director 90

ATM 3000 Heavy Duty

ATM 4000 Super Duty

BL 1500 Durable

BL 1600 Durable

3M Stamark 380IES

0 661 1422Cumulatìve Vehicle Passes ('000)per thru lane


19-Apr 20-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A


39

Table 37: Durability Readings for Longitudinal White Polyurea Products on PCC Surface

100 100 97

98

99

99

100 100

100 100

100 100

3M Stamark 1000

3M Stamark 1200

Epoplex LS90

Ennis IIPS-5

0 66r 1422Cumulative Vehicle Passes ('000)

oer th¡u lane

Date of Reading:

200419-Aor 20-Jul

2005N/A3-Nov N/A


Table 38: Durability Readings for Longitudinal Yellow Polyuuea Products on PCC Surface

100 100 96

91

99

98

100 99

100

100 100

3M Stamark 1000

3M Stamark 1200

Epoplex LS90 *

Ennìs IIPS-S


oer thru lane


19-Apr 2O-Jú2005

N/A3-Nov N/A


* Product placed on 6-17 -04; cumulative vehicle passes at time of last measurement wa¡ 998,000

40

P RELIMINARY EVALUATI O N S

Retroreflectivitv

The ATM 3000 Heavy Duty and 4000 Super Duty, Zumar HotTape 90, 3M Stamark 420, and

Brite-Line 1500 Durable and 1600 Durable intersection products currently have tire track

retroreflectivity readings very low (Tables 6 and 7), although most of these products have

corresponding skip area or tire track readings above the minimum established in RTC's

Qualified Product List (QPL) specifications (at least 75 for heavy volume roadways).

For white longitudinal products placed on AC, the retroreflectivity readings for Brite-Line 1500

and 1600 Durable tape, and tire track areas for 3M Stamark 1000 polyurea products were below

200 (Tabtes 9 and 11), which is below the acceptable range of values according to the current

specifications in RTC's QPL (at least 200 for heavy volume roadways). For white longitudinal

products placed on PCC, similar observations are made for Brite-Line 1500 and 1600 Durable

tapes, and Swarco Director 65 tape, which are also between 70 and 200 (Tables 13 and 15).

For yellow longitudinal products placed on AC, the retroreflectivity readings for Brite-Line 1500

Durable and 1600 Durable tapes, 3M Stamark 1000 polyurea, and tire tracks for 3M Stamark

1200 polyurea products were between 45 and 150 (Tables 10 and 12), which is below the

acceptable range according to the current specifications in RTC's QPL (at least 150 for heavy

volume roadways). For products placed on PCC, similar observations are made for the

retroreflectivity readings for Brite-Line 1500 Durable and 1600 Durable tape and 3M Stamark

1000 and 1200 polyurea products, which are also between 30 and 150 (Tables 14 and 16).

Chromacit)¡

At the intersection test decks, all products have color coordinate readings "x" artd "y" within

both the ASTM and FIIWA acceptance boxes (Figure 6). However, all of these products have

"Y" readings below the ASTM and FIfWA standards (Figure 7). Table 39 shows the current pass

or fail status for these intersection products. If the reading for a particular product is marked

"Pass", then the reading is within the acceptable limit of the applicable standard. Likewise, if it is

marked "Fail", the reading is outside of the acceptable limit.

4T

Table 39: ASTM and FIIWA Chromacity Pass or Fail for Intersection Products,

October/1.{ovember 2004

FailFailFailFailFailFailFailFailFailFailFailFail

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass


Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

HotTape 90

LS9O

Stamark 320lESStamark 420

Stamark 1000

Director 60Di¡ector 90

HPS-5

3000 Heavy Duty4000 Super Duty


ZumarEpoplex

3M3M3M

SwarcoSwarcoEnnisATMATM

BdtelineBriteline

Luminance ("Y")Color (x.v)Luminance ("Y")Color (x,y)Vendor ASTMFIIWAProduct

For white longitudinal products, all color coordinate readings are \Mithin both the ASTM and

FIIWA acceptance boxes (Figures 8 and 12). None of the white longitudinal products are above

the "Y" minimum value for the ASTM or FIIWA standards (Figures 9 and 13).

Most yellow longitudinal products have color coordinate readings outside of both the ASTM and

FIIWA acceptance boxes (Figures 10 and 14). Yellow products placed on PCC generally had

higher "Y" readings, and the color coordinate readings were closer to the center of both

acceptance boxes (Figures 11 and 15).

Table 40 highlights the pass or fail status of all longitudinal products placed on the Desert Inn

test deck. Readings for products marked "Skip only" indicate that the skip areas (the portion of

the marking not passing under the tire track of the lane) fall within the acceptable limit, but the

portion of the marking under the tire track does not. Some products are also marked "Tire only",

indicating that the tire tracks were acceptable, whereas the skip areas were not. As previously

explained in the Retroreflectivity readings section, it is believed that the increased amount of rain

before measurement caused the tire tracks to be cleaned by abrasion with tires passing over the

markings while raining. This could result in higher luminance ("Y") readings as well as

retrorefl ectivity readings.

42

Table 40: ASTM and FIIWA Chromacity Pass or Fail for Longitudinal Products,

OctoberÆ.{ovember 2004


FailFailFailFailFailFailFailFail

Skip onlySkip only

FailFail


Skip onlySkip only

FailFail


FailFailFailPass


Tire onlyFailFail

Tire onlyFailFailFailFailFailFailFailFail

FailFailFailPass

FailFailFailFailFailFail

Tire onlyFail


YellowYellowYellowYellowYellowYellowYellowYellowYellowYellowYellowYel1ow

Director 35Director 60Director 903000 HD4000 sD


Stamark 380IESStamark 1000Stama¡k 1200

LS90HPS-5

SwarcoSwarcoSwarcoATMATM

Brite-LineBrite-Line

3M3M3M

EpoplexEnnis


Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass


Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass


Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass


Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

WhiteWhiteWhiteWhiteWhiteWhiteWhiteWhiteWhiteWhiteWhiteWhite

Director 35Director 60Di¡ector 90

3000 HD4000 sD


Stamark 380IES

Stamark 1000Stamark 1200

LS9O

HPS-5

Swa¡coSwarco

Swa¡coATMATM

Brite-LineBrite-Line

3M3M3M

EpoplexEnnis

Lum. ("Y"ìColor (x.vlLum. ("Y")Color (x,y)Lum. ("Y")Color (x,y)Lum. ("Y")Color (x,y)ASTMFHWAASTMFHlVA

PCC SurfaceAC Su¡faceColorProductVendor

43

Durability

The two Brite-Line intersection tape products (1500 and 1600 Durable) exhibited significant

adhesion problems (Table 28; Figure 16). All the other intersection and longitudinal products had

durability values in the 85-95 percent range displaying slight wearing, slippage, and/or tearing

(Tables 28-38).

Figure 16: Failure of a Tape Product at Eastern/Green Valley Intersection

44

VII. Field Data and Preliminary Evaluations of Raised Pavement Markers

This section reports the field measurements for retroreflectivity after installation of the raised

pavement marker (RPM) products.

RETRO REF LE CT IVITY READ INGS

Retroreflectivity readings followed the placement of the RPM products. Two readings were

taken for each selected RPM. Thus, if 100 RPMs of one product type were placed, approximately

25 of these products were tested, yielding about 50 readings per product. Table 41 contains the

results of the first two retroreflectivity readings of the RPM products placed on the Durango

Drive test deck.

Table 41: Retroreflectivity Readings for RPMs

t62

4512.8

27

30I755tt;t22

11320198

60.624

15

9

265.6l8

3628465.224

5320103

19.8

24

1134520640.936

45J'l'l

18.247

2r9131

331

43.r48

Average Retro. readingMinimumreadingMaximumreadingStandard deviationNumber of samples

Oct-04

t4t104t6916.6

22

138108

180l8.l22

23919426720.226

32t20046058.724

165

143183

10.8

24

240t9t28123.326

318247

39829.446

5338

656.1

50

322

n54ll55.5

46

Average Retro, readingMinimum readingMaximumreadingStanda¡d deviationNumber of samples

Jun-04YellowRedWhiteYellowRedWhiteYellowRedWhiteYel./Yelwhite/RedYeVYelWhirelRedYeVYelWhirelRedDescription

Vita-LiteGlobemarker921 ARProductSwa¡eflexApexVendor

Durango Drive

45

DURABILITY READINGS

Durability readings were taken on the RPM products during the second evaluation. Every RPM

placed on the test deck was evaluated on how well intact it appeared at the time of measurement.

Missing markers with and without glue backings, broken markers, markers that slid out of place,

and markers with broken glass were counted through the test segment. The percentage of

markers remaining in good condition were then summed and compared to the original amount of

markers placed. Table 42 shows the durability evaluation results from the most recent

observation period.

Table 42: Dvabllity readings for RPMs

l0OVo

07o

07o

OVo

07o

O7o

L00Vo

O7o

O7o

0Vo

ïVo

O7o

Vo Good. condition7o Ma¡kers only missing

7o Markers & glue missing

7o Markers broken in place

7o Markers slide out of place

7o Orily glass broker/missing

Nov-04 98Øo

OVo

07o

07o

O7o

27o

96Vo

O7o

ÙVo

O7o

O7o

4Vo

10O7o

O7o

OVo

OVo

O7o

OVo

l00Vo07o

0Vo

OVo

0To

l%o

Jun-04 lOOc/oIOOVoIOOVo1007olOO4ol00VoVo Good condition50505050100100Quantity installed

YeIrYelWhite/RedReflectiveYeVYel

White/RedReflectiveYelrYel

White/RedReflectiveDescriotion

Vita-LiteGlobemarker921 ARProduct

SwareflexApexVendorDu¡anqo DriveRetrorefl ectivitv readinss

P RE LI M INARY EVALUAT I O N S

Detailed evaluations and the implications of these results with respect to the long term

performance of the products will be discussed in future reports.

46

VII. Tentative Dates for Future Data Collection

The following are tentative field data collection schedules for the remaining pavement marking

evaluation project. It is anticipated that the respective local transportation agencies with

jurisdiction over the test locations will provide traffic co¡trol for the field work.

Intersection and longitudinal test deck data collection will commence on the following dates:

January L7-21,2005 - Intersections and DI

AVnI 18-22,20A5 - Intersections and DI

Inly 1,8-22,2005 - DI only

October 17-2I,2005 - DI only

January 23-27,2046 - DI only

Apnll7-21,2006 - DI only

RPM test deck field data collection will oommence on or around the following dates:

Januæy 21,2004

/rpnl22,2005

I:uly 22,2A05

These dates are subject to change, depending on availability of roadways, weather, and other

unforeseen and unavoidable circumstances.

47

Documents

for - RTC Transitrtcws.rtcsnv.com/mpo/streets/Files/TestDeck/2004 12 21.pdfLuminance readings for pavement markings are also required to meet minimum limits, Y,,¡o (see Figure 7 ,1or