Findings of the Questionnaire on Crime and the Oswego Police Department (2012)

Prepared for the Village of Oswego

by

Michael H. Hazlett, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus

School of Law Enforcement & Justice Administration Western Illinois University

MH-Hazlett@wiu.edu June 2012

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Table of Contents

CONTENTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS Page Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 List of Tables and Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Methodology of 2012 Oswego. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Police Citizen and Business Surveys Demographics of Citizens and Businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Responding to the Oswego Surveys in 2012 Experience of Respondents with the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Oswego Police Department in 2012 Owego Respondents as Crime Victims and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Views of Safety, and Fear of Crime, in 2012 Oswego Respondent Satisfaction, Perceptions . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Awareness and Support of Specific Programs and Accomplishments Perceptions of Other Issues and Concerns. . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Regarding the Oswego Police Department Summary and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Appendix A: Cover Letters for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 the 2012 Resident Questionnaire Appendix B: Cover Letters for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 the 2012 Business Questionnaire Appendix C: Questionnaire on Crime and the . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Oswego Police Department for Residents Appendix D: Questionnaire on Crime and the . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Oswego Police Department for Businesses Appendix E: Detailed Citizen Survey Results . . . . . . . . . . . 75 by Questionnaire Item Appendix F: Detailed Business Survey Results . . . . . . . . . . . 99 by Questionnaire Item

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List of Tables and Figures TABLES AND FIGURES Page Table 1: Estimate of Sampling Error for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3## Respondents from Oswego Residents & Businesses Table 2: Comparison of Oswego Demographics. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Characteristics and Questionnaire on Crime and the Oswego Police Department(2012)Respondents Figure 1: Oswego Resident Demographics - 2012. . . . . . . . . . . 17 Figure 2: Oswego Resident Households - 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Figure 3: Other Oswego Demographics – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Figure 4: Oswego Business Demographics - 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 5: Other Oswego Business Demographics – 2012 . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 6: Resident Contacts with Police - 2012 . . . . . . . . . . 22 Figure 7: Resident Satisfaction with Police – 2012 . . . . . . . . 22 Figure 8: Resident Experience with Oswego Police – 2012 . . . . . . 23 Figure 9: Business Contacts with Police - 2012 . . . . . . . . . . 24 Figure 10: Business Satisfaction with Police – 2012 . . . . . . . . 24 Figure 11: Business Experience with Oswego Police – 2012 . . . . . . 25 Figure 12: Resident Crime Victims (Last 5 Years) . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 13: Resident Victim Outcomes (Last 5 Years) . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 14: Resident Victim Experiences – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Figure 15: Resident Feelings of Safety – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Figure 16: Business Crime Victims (Last 5 Years) . . . . . . . . . . 30 Figure 17: Business Victim Outcomes (Last 5 Years) . . . . . . . . . 31 Figure 18: Business Victim Experiences – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Figure 19: Business Feelings of Safety – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Figure 20: Resident Satisfaction Ratings – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . 35 Figure 21: Resident Perception of Police – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . 36 Figure 22: Resident Awareness of Police Programs – 2012 . . . . . . 36 Figure 23: Resident Support of Police Policies . . . . . . . . . . . 37

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List of Tables and Figures - Continued Figure 24: Business Satisfaction Ratings – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 25: Business Perceptions of Police – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . 41 Figure 26: Business Awareness of Police Programs . . . . . . . . . . 41 Figure 27: Business Support for Police Policies – 2012 . . . . . . . 42 Figure 28: Resident Rakings of Police Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Figure 29: Business Ranking of Police Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Figure 30: Oswego Comment Evaluations (Residents) – 2012 . . . . . . 47 Figure 31: Oswego Comment Evaluations (Businesses) – 2012 . . . . . 47

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Executive Summary of the Findings of the Questionnaire on Crime and the Oswego Police Department for Citizen and Business Respondents in 2012

• As part of the continuation of the Commission on Law Enforcement Accreditation (CALEA), the

Police Department for the Village of Oswego undertook a study in April of 2012 to sample both resident and business perceptions of policing, criminal victimization, and the many services of the Department. See Appendices A thru F for surveys and frequencies of both surveys.

• This 2012 study constituted the fourth replication of citizen perceptions, the three earlier studies

completed in 2003, 2006 and 2009. Using water-billing information on Oswego residents and businesses, random samples of approximately one in ten resident billing subscribers was selected. There were one in two businesses also selected at random from the business water-billing subscribers.

• Of 1,033 citizen questionnaires distributed and 351 surveys were returned. This constituted a return

rate of 34 percent with a margin of error of 5.1 percentage points. This error rate is based on a confidence level representing 95 out of 100 respondent views throughout the Village.

• Of 469 business establishments reported to the 2010 Census, there were approximately 400 in the

water-billing listings. Of these 400 establishments, 200 were randomly drawn with 53 business surveys returned – a 26.5 percent return rate. Due to the lower business return rates, any results could differ from all business views by 12.6 percent error at 95 percent confidence.

• Given the water-billing sampling frames (residents and businesses who are billed for water) and the

lower-than-expected return rates, non-respondent bias may exist. Non-respondent bias refers to possible error from unknown differences between those completing the questionnaire and those who choose not to participate.

• As in previous surveys, the typical respondents were female Caucasians who were somewhat older.

About eight of ten residents were between 25 and 64 years of age. Many respondents were of higher income and education levels. About one in four respondents had graduate college training. Over four in ten respondents indicated a household income exceeding $100,000. Residents generally owned a home, were married but did not own a business. Fewer of the respondents represented younger populations with lower income and less than two years of college.

• Similar to residents, business respondents revealed some college background, with their business being

most likely located in Oswego less than six years. Near one-third of business respondents represented professional services. Nearly two-thirds of businesses indicated operating after hours. About nine in ten businesses indicated having between one to 25 employees. While Oswego business proprietors represented all areas of the Village, nearly one-quarter were located north and west of the downtown area.

• Nearly two-thirds of Oswego residents had contacted the police for assistance. Of those residents

contacting the police, over ninety percent were satisfied with the service they received. Of the 36 residents who contacted the police on the streets of Oswego, nearly seventy percent were satisfied with their police street contact.

• Only three residents had been arrested by the Oswego Police in 2012. Over seven percent of residents

had been issued an ordinance violation notice and over two of ten received traffic citations. Nearly three in twenty residents received a crime prevention notice. Just over two of ten residents knew an Oswego Police Officer in 2012.

• Nearly five of ten businesses had contacted the Oswego Police during 2012. Just over two of ten

businesses had contact with the Oswego Crime Prevention Unit or a Community Service Officer.

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• When contacting Oswego Police, well over nine of ten business respondents were satisfied with police services received. Over seven of ten businesses were satisfied with their contact with the Crime Prevention Unit or the Community Service Officers in Oswego in 2012.

• Only about one in ten businesses had received an ordinance violation ticket in 2012. Nearly one-third

of businesses had received a crime prevention notice. About one in two business proprietors knew an Oswego police officer personally.

• Of the 351 citizen respondents, over one of ten residents indicated being a victim of crime in the past

five years. Over seven of ten victims were victimized only once – usually as a property crime victim. Most residents indicated that the offender had not been caught and were uncertain of any disposition.

• Most of the recorded citizen victimizations had not occurred in the last 12 months. Other than direct

victimization, about one of four citizen respondents indicated they knew other Oswego residents who had been a victim of a crime.

• Fear of being a crime victim was highest at night and in areas such as parks near a respondent’s home -

just over one-half of residents feeling safe at night in a park. Otherwise, at least two-thirds or more of respondents felt safe in their neighborhood or in shopping areas during the day or night. Over nine out of ten of citizen respondents indicated that they felt safe in their home at night during 2012.

• Of the 53 business respondents, one in four had been a victim of a crime in the last five years. About

17 of 20 business crimes involved property offenses. Like citizen respondents, seven of ten business victims indicated that the offender had not been caught and were uncertain of the disposition.

• Like residents, only one of three business crimes had occurred in the last 12 months. Over two of ten

businesses indicated knowing someone else who had been a crime victim. • Unlike residents, business proprietors felt generally safe working or commuting in the Village – day or

night. Levels of feeling safe in or around one’s business, or in other areas of Oswego, varied by activity. About eight of ten business proprietors, working or commuting near their business, felt safe either day or night. Over nine of ten businesses reporting feeling safe commuting to their business or in other areas of Oswego during the day. Feelings of safety commuting or in other areas at night were somewhat less at over eight of ten businesses.

• Overall, the citizens returning the questionnaire gave the Oswego Police high marks for patrolling the

community and traffic control – with about eight of ten respondents giving high marks. Over two thirds of residents give the Oswego Police high marks for community relations. Positive ratings for investigating crimes, handling the juvenile and drug problems were lower – from two to four respondents out of ten citizens satisfied with these areas of police service.

• In other ratings, about one-half of residents believed the police treat others fairly by race, color or

creed. Nearly as many were uncertain regarding ethnic treatment of Oswego residents (about four of ten citizens. This is consistent with finding in national polls regarding race relations and the police.

• Still between six and seven out of ten citizens gave high marks for police honesty and competency.

Only one in three citizens felt the Oswego had enough police officers in 2012 – with over one half of citizens uncertain if the Village has enough officers. These findings are consistent with national research on policing attitudes as related to changing demographics.

• Citizen awareness was highest for the Oswego Police Web Site and Community Service Officers –

over seven in ten respondents were aware of these services. Citizens showed the least knowledge regarding the bike patrol, CALEA certification, the sex offender map and the police-organized home owners associations - with between three to four of ten residents being aware. Awareness of programs appeared low due to the higher number of citizens indicating uncertainty about these programs.

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• At least two-thirds or more of Oswego respondents were in favor of maintaining and or using a number of programs in 2012. These programs include: mandatory physical fitness; 2 year degree for police employment, tuition for police continuing education; operate 24 hour/seven day front desk; home checks for vacationers; monthly sex offender checks; use of unmarked cars in traffic control; and the School Liaison Officer Program. Support for the bicycle patrol fell to about three of twenty residents in 2012, with over six of ten citizens not supporting the bicycle patrol program.

• Overall, business respondents were most satisfied with police patrolling the Village, traffic control and

community relations. Seven to eight out of ten business respondents were satisfied with those service areas. However, business proprietors revealed lower satisfaction with the handling of the drug and juvenile programs – with over five to seven out of twenty businesses satisfied with these areas. Businesses revealed a high degree of uncertainty regarding the handling of juvenile and drug issues in Oswego – with six to seven of ten businesses uncertain about drug and juvenile concerns.

• Business perceptions of Oswego Police were higher overall than citizen respondents. About seven in

ten businesses felt the police treated all fairly regardless of race, color or creed. Likewise, over seven in ten business proprietors felt the Oswego Police were honest and competent. But like citizens, only four of ten proprietors felt the Village had enough police officers. Most business respondents were uncertain regarding the number of officers within the Village.

• Six to eight of ten businesses were most likely aware of the Oswego Police web site, the Village web

site for economic development and community service officers. Areas of lower awareness by business respondents were: CALEA certification, traffic enforcement and bike patrol services. This lower awareness was related to a higher proportion of businesses that were uncertain about programs.

• Business proprietors responded favorably to continuation of all police policies in the survey. Highest

support was for the mandatory physical fitness for officers and the monthly sex offender checks – at over nine of ten responding businesses. Businesses also favored at a lesser (but majority) degree a variety of police policies including: requiring a two-year degree for police employment; paying police continuing education; maintaining staffing of the police front desk 24 hours a day - 7days a week; maintain home checks for those on vacation; use of unmarked cars for traffic enforcement; continuing the School Liaison Officer Program.; and the police bicycle program.

• Oswego residents and businesses were asked to rank six areas from the biggest concern (priority 1) to

the smallest concern (priority 6). The lowest concerns of residents were traffic control - with only one of ten feeling traffic was a high priority. Only four of ten respondents mentioned other concerns ranging from more targeting patrols to enforcing public order issues. The two biggest concerns for businesses were drug and gang problems and crimes against persons - with about five to six of ten citizens rated these concerns as a high priority.

• From this analysis a set of key recommendations can be made. It is recommended CALEA

recertification continue and that these surveys be replicated in 2015. In repeating this study, additional ways should be explored to include samples of under represented populations found in this study. Using this and future data, analysis should study differences in under represented populations and historical change brought on by the changing demographics of Oswego residents. The Oswego Police should continue to follow up on victims of crime, while enhancing neighborhood programs and community partnerships. Expanding educational programs can help explain policies, programs and training that are not wholly understood by residents or the businesses. Evaluation of traffic enforcement, as well as drug and gang enforcement efforts, are recommended toward a greater balance between public education regarding such efforts and judicious use of enforcement. Finally, the Oswego Police might consider addressing the perception of fairness in race, color or creed by citizen and business education, community outreach, and self examination of traffic stop and enforcement patterns – both by area of the Village, time of day and by individual officers. These efforts collectively help promote the Departments mission of integrity, professionalism, compassion and diverse partnerships with the community.

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Introduction

Since 2003, the Oswego Police Department has been testing views of citizen

satisfaction with law enforcement services, and citizen perceptions on public safety

issues. As part of an effort to meet or exceed standards of the Commission on Law

Enforcement Accreditation (CALEA), the Oswego Police Department has endeavored to

replicate the baseline survey data from 2003 (Baird, 2003; Jensen, 2006; Hazlett, 2009).

According to Hazlett (1993), Davis (2000), Fitzgerald and Cox (2001),

community surveys provide descriptive information and feedback from those they serve

as to the perceptions of police performance. As a basis for understanding and reforming

police practices, the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies

(CALEA) have made it a standard practice to conduct such community questionnaires

(http://www.calea.org/calea-update-magazine/issue-95/conducting-citizen-survey ).

Community surveys are a way for the “people” to express their opinions and attitudes

towards police service and what can be done to improve. Whether survey results show a

weight of evidence depends on the reliability of the methods employed and whether the

results can be confirmed by replication of similar findings (Fitzgerald & Cox, 2001). The

need for replication of base-line research is important, not only for Oswego village

residents, but because of continued growth of the Oswego Police services.

As observed in previous studies, the demographic changes in Oswego have

created a dynamic environment for changing demands in police services. In 1990, nearly

two decades ago, Oswego only reported a population 3,876 (U.S. Census, 1990). In,

2000, the population had climbed to 13,326 residents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000) and

grew steadily through 2010. According to recent 2010 census the population Oswego had

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30,355 inhabitants in early (U.S. Census, 2011). From 1990 through 2010, this represents

a increase of nearly 683 percent since 1990 (+668.15% change) over the 20 year interval.

Between 2000 and 2010 the population over doubled in a ten year interval – a 127.79

percent increase. Such growth has also applied to Kendal County as well (Mackum &

Wilson: 2011). Even with the decennial growth of population, the pace of rapid

population growth has appeared to have slowed somewhat Although the increase in

population is important, the increase in migrating populations into Oswego (new

residents) and their changing perceptions of law enforcement could be the result of

underlying demographic shifts resulting from such migration.

In the initial study in Oswego, Baird (2003) explored perception and experiences

toward the Oswego Police. This initial study also explored the fear of crime and citizen

victimization. This research was the first of its kind for Oswego providing baseline data

for continued research. In the baseline survey in 2003, there were 556 questionnaires

mailed and received two hundred and twenty (220) received back for a return rate of

thirty-nine point five percent (Baird, 2003). Shortly after Baird study, a contract with the

Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) was signed.

Full accreditation was awarded in November of 2005 to the Oswego Police Department.

Information received from the baseline survey operational changes to the Oswego Police

Department. New programs, ideas and philosophies documented in this previous study

have helped to address the public concerns and opinions – as part of the CALEA self

examination and standards process.

Follow-up research was by Jensen (2006), replicating the 2003 study with

additional questions on changing services and attitudes toward the Oswego Police. Fear

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of crime and victimization was again measured in 2006. In this 2006 replication, 999

surveys were mailed to Oswego residents, with 360 returned – just over a 36 percent

return rate. Likewise, in 2009 a replication of the earlier two surveys was conducted by

Hazlett (2009) a Professor in the School of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration

at Western Illinois University. The report was completed in June of 2009 and was made

available to all Village stakeholders in police services and policies. This study is a

replication and expansion over the 2009 effort as reflected in Appendix A and C.

Methodology of 2012 Oswego Police Citizen and Business Surveys

Like in earlier efforts, this 2012 study represents a cross-sectional trend design,

using pre-tested questionnaires developed and replicated in 2003, 2006 and 2009 citizen

surveys. This study was requested by the Oswego Police Department as part of the

Commission on Law Enforcement continuing accreditation process in 2012. Expanding

on the previous efforts, this study developed a base-line survey of business proprietors

with the Village. The purpose of both of these surveys is to examine current perceptions

and experiences of Oswego citizens (residents and businesses) regarding their police

services, experiences with crime, fear of crime and other public safety issues. The

Oswego Police Department has contracted with a Western Illinois University (Dr.

Michael Hazlett – Professor-Emeritus of the School of Law Enforcement and Justice

Administration) to assist in the development of the citizen and business questionnaires

and cover letters. Professor Hazlett also drew a random sample of residents and

businesses from the water billing subscribers in April of 2012. Assisting with this effort

was the Oswego Police staff. Police staff completed the printing and mailing of the

questionnaires to a random group of citizens from the “Water Billing Address” listing

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from April of 2012. The questionnaires were structured in order to solicit the most candid

response but maximize confidentiality of the responding citizen or agency. Several

questions asking similar but reversed responses were placed in the surveys in order to

verify some of the validity of individual responses (such as cross-checks of satisfaction

and competency to assure that responses had some face validity).

The final versions of both surveys were approved by the Oswego Police

Department and were printed in early April of 2012. An initial mailing of approximately

1 in 10 residential water billing addresses was performed the second week of April, 2012.

Final data entry was completed by the end of May of 2012 for both surveys. Only

residential addresses were included in the mailing – removing schools, churches and

other extraneous names from the mailing list as done in the 2003, 2006 and 2009 surveys.

Like in previous years, this 2012 replicates the village-wide survey by mailing 1,033

village residents, drawn by “Simple Random Sampling” from the village 9,777

residential water bills records provided to this researcher by the Village of Oswego –

approximately one in ten residential water billing records selected at random (using a

“Simple Random Sampling Method” (Kraska and Newman, 2008:214). Similarly, a list

of business water subscribers was edited for duplication, resulting in a sampling frame of

400 businesses. Of 400 businesses, every 2nd business was mailed the newly developed

and pre-tested business proprietor survey – referred to as a systematic sample that

approximates a random sample (Kraska and Newman, 2008:214). The use of a random

or systematic sample of water billing records reduces the validity problems in surveys

conducted door-to-door or to other select groups such as neighborhood watch groups.

Such an approach also assures that results from the 351 residents and 53 businesses

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returned surveys can be generalized or extrapolated regarding all who receive water bills

– thus generalized to residents and businesses within Oswego during the cross-sectional

snapshot of the April of 2012.

Like in previous years, it is important that this survey be conducted in the same

way and distributed to a similar population so that some “test-retest reliability” of the

village opinions may be represented and compared with the previous replications. Out of

these results, 351 surveys were returned – a return rate of just above 31.5 percent. Such a

sample size yielded a random sample error proportion of 5.1 percentage points. This error

is based upon a assumption of 95 percent level of statistical confidence that the results of

the sample can approximate the views of Oswego residents. In-other-words, this sample

of 351 residents approximates at least 95 percent of the 33,355 residents within a

percentage error rate of approximately 5.1 percentage points. Any of the percentages

discussed in the “Findings of the Survey” must be understood to be an approximation of

all Oswego citizens and could vary on the high or low side of the sample percent by as

much as 5.1 percent. For example, in the fourth question dealing with satisfaction 69.4

percent of the 351 respondents indicated their satisfaction with police services during a

street contact when contacting the Oswego Police (See Appendix E or Figure 7). If this

69.4 percentage is to be generalized (applied) to all residents in Oswego, the actual

percentage of nearly 33,335 residents could be as high as 74.1 percent but no lower than

64.3 percent (69.4% adding or subtracting the random error of 5.1 percent as represented

by the sample of 351 residents responding).

A lower business return rate resulted in a much higher level of sampling error of

12.6percent. Like before, this error is based upon the assumption of 95 level of statistical

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confidence. Thus, business percentage findings in Appendix F could be off by 12.6

percentage points when inferring results to all 469 businesses within Oswego. For details

of the sampling error calculations, see Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 ESTIMATE OF SAMPLING ERROR FOR A SAMPLE OF 351 RESIDENT, AND 53 BUSINESS, RESPONDENTS (Based upon the Census Population of 30,555 residents and 469 Businesses within the Village of Oswego)

* * * SAMPLE ACCURACY (ESTIMATE % SAMPLE ERROR) OSWEGO RESIDENTS* * * Please Enter the percentage (%) of subjects in your population and sample who possess some characteristic you are the most interested in. (Example: You are interested in the 25 % of city covered by foot patrol patrol. So you would enter 25). . . ENTER A PERCENTAGE? 50 Next, enter the number of subjects in your population (N-Size) (If 42,000 people live in area enter 42000). ENTER N-SIZE? 30355 Next, enter the actual sample size for which the % accuracy will be estimated (anticipated or returned sample n). ENTER SAMPLE N? 351 Finally, enter the Level of Confidence, represented by the number of Standard Deviations, you want to use in estimating your % error. 1 S.D. means that your confident that 68% of population is represented in your sample. Two S.D.'s means that your confident that 95 percent of the population is included in the sample. Three (3) S.D.s = 99.9% Confidence. ENTER THE STANDARD DEVIATION OR Z-SCORE (Between 1 and 3)? 1.96 THE ACCURACY OF A SAMPLE OF 351 SUBJECTS IS 5.10093% * * * SAMPLE ACCURACY (ESTIMATE % SAMPLE ERROR) OSWEGO BUSINESSES * * * Please Enter the percentage (%) of subjects in your population and sample who possess some characteristic you are the most interested in. (Example: You are interested in the 25 % of city covered by foot patrol patrol. So you would enter 25). . . ENTER A PERCENTAGE? 50 Next, enter the number of subjects in your population (N-Size) (If 42,000 people live in area enter 42000). ENTER N-SIZE? 469 Next, enter the actual sample size for which the % accuracy will be estimated (anticipated or returned sample n). ENTER SAMPLE N? 53 Finally, enter the Level of Confidence, represented by the number of Standard Deviations, you want to use in estimating your % error. 1 S.D. means that your confident that 68% of population is represented in your sample. Two S.D.'s means that your confident that 95 percent of the population is included in the sample. Three (3) S.D.s = 99.9% Confidence. ENTER THE STANDARD DEVIATION OR Z-SCORE (Between 1 and 3)? 1.96 THE ACCURACY OF A SAMPLE OF 53 SUBJECTS IS 12.60094% SOURCES: Hazlett, M. (1993) Applied Criminal Justice Analysis Dubuque, IA.: Kendall-Hunt Publishing . (CJSTATS Software) U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of the Census. Census 2010: Population Characteristics Washington, D.C. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17/1756887.html

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Do to a somewhat lower than expected response rate of just over 34 percent

citizen returns and 26.5 percent business returns, there is a high likelihood that those

completing the questionnaires were significantly different from those not completing the

surveys. Such low return rats could be a limitation of this 2012 study – often called “non-

respondent bias” (Kraska and Newman, 2008:214). In order to determine possible

differences, respondent demographics were compared with Oswego census data. This

documents possible group differences in under or over reporting of certain segments of

the population.

From this comparison, it is noted that some significant differences were found in

ethnicity, age, education and income between Oswego Population census in 2010 and

citizens-businesses returning the Questionnaires. In Table 2 below, there were more

Caucasian respondents completing the questionnaire than found in the Oswego

population estimates – statistically significant (z=3.243). Significantly fewer younger

respondents returned the survey (those under 25 years), but a greater number of citizens

over 65 returned the questionnaire when compared to their representation in the Oswego

census of 2010 (z= 6.025 and z=5.749 correspondingly). Median age differences were

also noted, with 2012 survey respondents being older overall than the census median age

in 2010 (t= 19.703). Few respondents with high school or less formal education

completed the survey (z=3.125 and z=5.499), but survey respondents who had a four year

college degree or beyond returned questionnaires at a higher rate (z=2.238 and z=8.619).

Significantly fewer of the respondents were lower income (z=3.259), but a significantly

higher proportion of high income households ($50,000 to $74,999, and over $100,000)

were represented in these survey results (z=3.217 and z=5.155). For businesses,

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professional and food service establishments were over-represented in proprietor

responses (z= 3,084 and z=2,874), Construction and other business types were under

represented in the 53 surveys returned compared to the 2010 Census data (z= 2.552 and

z= 2,923).

Table 2 Comparison of Oswego Demographics Characteristics and Questionnaire on

Crime and the Oswego Police Department (2009) Respondents

DEMOGRAPHIC CENSUS % OSWEGO STATISTICAL CATEGORY ESTIMATED SAMPLE % DIFFERENCE ---------------------------------------------------------------------- GENDER Male 49.1% 48.1% n/s Female 50.9% 51.9% n/s

ETHNICITY White 85.6% 91.7% * (z=3.243) Non-White 14.4% 8.3% * (z=3.243) AGE GROUP Between 20-24 9.9% 0.3% * (z=6.025) Between 25-64 80.2% 80.4% n/s 65 & Over 10.0% 19.3% * (z=5.749) MEDIAN (50 Percentile) 33.2 years 51.09 mean years * (t=22.215) EDUCATION Under H.Sch. 4.7% 1.2% * (z=3.125) H.S or GED 25.8% 12.9% * (z=5.499) Some College 34.5% 31.3% n/s Col.Degree 24.3% 29.5% * (z=2.238) Grad.Degree 10.7% 25.1% * (z=8.619) INCOME 0-$14,999 3.5% 0.3% * (z=3.259) $15,000-24,999 4.6% 3.2% n/s $25,000-49,999 16.0% 13.3% n/s $50,000-74,999 25.3% 17.8% * (z=3.217) $75,000-99,999 21.5% 23.6% n/s $100,000 & over 29.2% 41.8% * (z=5.155) OSWEGO POPULATION 33,355 351 resident OR SAMPLE SIZE IN 2012 (2010 Census) surveys returned ----------------------------------------------------- TYPE OF Store-Retail 13.0% 17.0% n/s BUSINESS Professional 16.6% 35.9% * (z=3.084) Food Service 7.3% 18.9% * (z=2.874) Construction 17.5% 3.8% * (z=2.552) Other Business 45.6% 24.6% * (z=2.923) NUMBER OF BUSINESSES 469 53 business (Sampled Businesses) (2010 Data) surveys returned

----------------------------------------------------- n/s = Not statistically significant (did not reach the critical values of a Z or T score – too close to census norm) * Represented statistically significant differences in the estimated demographics of Oswego and the demographics of those citizen or business respondents to the 2012 survey. (Based upon a Z-Test Difference in Proportions – Two Tailed Test Procedure and T-Test Difference between Sample and Population Means – critical values of 19.6 and 2.021)

Hazlett, M. (1993) Applied Criminal Justice Analysis Dubuque, IA.: Kendall -Hunt Publishing (CJSTATS Software – Testing Proportional Differences, and Population to Sample Norm Programs)

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of the Census. Census 2010: Population Characteristics Washington, D.C. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17/1756887.html

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Given that citizen and business sample respondents varied somewhat from the

expected demographic profiles of Oswego residents, the overrepresentation of

respondents that were Caucasian, older and of the highest education and income groups,

of professional or food service establishments should be considered when interpreting

these findings.

Other factors that may change citizen response rates are historical conditions such

as economic down-turns (2008 to the present), citizen apathy or cynicism, and over

polling by other parties (public and private polling by mail, phone or by email). Such

historical factors or respondent reactions may contribute to the lower return rates. It also

should be noted that no one sampling frame (such as water billing records) are a complete

random representation of the entire community population. While on the surface the

citizen lists from “Oswego Water Billing Records” appear to be randomly-systematically

drawn. However, upon closer examination the lists of residents or businesses may have

had underlying bias in including some or exclusion of some residents. Water billing

information may only include water billing subscribers and exclude possible residents

that are renters (where the water billing information is included in their rental fee).

Keeping in mind these limiting factors and an error rate of +/- 5.1 percentage for citizen

results and 12.6 percentage points for business findings, it is believed that there is useful

information that can be drawn from the results in 2012. A look at the respondents, and

their experiences and perceptions are discussed in the next section of this report.

16

Demographics of Citizens and Businesses Responding to the Oswego Surveys in 2012 As introduced to in the methodology section of this report, the typical 2012

Oswego citizen responding to the survey was a Caucasian female, somewhat older, with a

higher level of education and income. This random sample of residents, while differing

somewhat from census estimates that would have accounted for somewhat higher

representation of non-white, younger, less-educated and lower-income respondents. Of

those responding to the Oswego survey were an average age of between 49 to 51 years –

the median and men age of respondents. Over 41 percent were between the ages of 45 to

64 years (138 of 351 citizen respondents). Nearly 52 percent were female respondents –

178 of 351 respondents where gender was provided by the respondents. Over 91 percent

of the respondents providing information on ethnicity were Caucasian. The largest

family status was married - 249 respondents or 74.55 percent. For 25.45 percent of the

respondents they indicated that they had never been married, or were separated, divorced

or widowed at the time of this survey. Nearly 95 percent of all respondents owned their

own home. Less than six percent owned their own business. Education levels of Oswego

respondents were relatively high – with the median education level between two-to-four

years of college (median of 5.638 on an eight-point scale of education). About 30 percent

of responding citizens held four-year college degrees. Over one-fourth (25.14%) of the

respondents had one or more graduate degrees. With the growth of population in the last

several decades, it was expected that at large percent of residents had lived in the

community less than six years – 102 or 29.57 percent. The median of residency on a nine

point scale (with 1 being less than a year and 9 being over 30 years) was 4.360 – meaning

more than half had resided in Oswego less than 10 years. The largest concentration

17

(44.41 percent had been an Oswego resident between six to fourteen years. Less than five

percent of respondents had lives in Oswego over 30 years in 2012. Many had moved to

Oswego from Dupage, Cook or other Illinois Counties or from the communities of

Aurora, or Naperville – with between 12.35 to 18.53 percent of new residents moving

from these areas. Of the 43 coming from out-of-state, four states were over-represented,

with four residents (9.30%) each having moved from California, Michigan, Nebraska and

Wisconsin – making up a total of 37.2 percent of those residents moving from out-of-

state. Median household income was over $75,000. This income was represented as a

median of 7.151 (over $75,000) on a scale of one-to-eight for income - with one being

less $7,500 and eight being over $100,000 in annual household income. For greater

details see Figures 1 thru 3 and Appendix E for detailed frequency tables.

18

19

In the business proprietor survey, 53 surveys were returned of 200 mailed

questionnaires. Of these business owners responding, most had a four years college

degree (16 or 30.19%) or advanced graduate training (14 or 26.41%). Thirty business

owners personally lived in Oswego, while 23 proprietors commuted to Oswego for

business purposes. Of those who were residents, the largest group lived in Oswego

between six to ten years – 23.33 percent or seven proprietors. Most businesses had

located more recently to Oswego – with nearly 40 percent locating within the last six

years. The largest group of businesses represented in these responses offered professional

services (19 or 35.85%). Still the service and food industry was represented by 10

respondents or 18.87 percent of responses. Technology, industrial and property-real

estate services were under represented with only one response in each sector (1.89% each

of 53 businesses responding). Also, retail stores were represented by 9 responses

(16.98%). Most of the businesses responding were open during evening hours (63.46%)

and were located north or northwest of the downtown area (13 businesses or 25.49%).

Nearly 40 percent of businesses were located either in the downtown area or east-

southeast of downtown. Most businesses were zoned as a B1-Neighborhood or B2-

Shopping area – between 30.43 and 32.61 percent of businesses respectively. Nearly all

businesses responding employed between one and twenty-five employees – 50 businesses

or 94.34 percent. Two respondents (3.77%) had between 26 and 50 employees. Only

one business (1.89%) indicated that over 150 employees were in a full or part time job.

For additional information on business responses please see Figures 4 and 5, and

Appendix F.

20

21

Experience of Respondents with the Oswego Police Department in 2012

In the 2012 questionnaire, Oswego residents were asked about their contact and

satisfaction levels with the Police Department. Nearly two-thirds of Oswego respondents

(62.86%) had contacted the police for assistance. Of those 220 citizens contacting the

Oswego Police, 217 indicated their levels of satisfaction. Nearly 93 percent (201 of 217)

of respondents indicated that they were satisfied with the service provided by the Oswego

Police Department in 2012. Only 7.37 percent (16 respondents) indicated their

dissatisfaction in such services. In another question, citizens were asked if they had ever

contacted a police officer on the street. Of the 349 respondents answering this question,

only 36 respondents had contacted an officer on the streets of Oswego. Of the 36

citizens, a high percent (69.44%) were satisfied with the service of the officer that they

had contacted during a street contact. Eleven or (30.56%) of the 36 respondents were not

satisfied with their direct street contact with an Oswego officer. Overall, the satisfaction

with Oswego Police was the highest in 2012 when compared with earlier replications.

Citizens were also asked to relate other experiences or personal contact with

Oswego Police officers. Only three (3) of 351 respondents indicated that they had been

arrested by the Oswego Police Department - representing 0.9 percent of all respondents.

Over 22 percent (22.35%) of respondents revealed that they had been issued a traffic

ticket by the Oswego Police Department – 78 of 349 respondents. Only 7.41 percent (or

26 of 351) of Oswego residents said they had received an ordinance violation ticket by a

community service officer. Of all respondents, over 22 percent indicated that they knew

an Oswego police officer personally. For greater details and elaboration on satisfaction

and experiences with the Oswego Police see Appendix E and Figures 6 thru 8.

22

23

Contacts with and experiences of businesses were also revealed in the second

survey instrument in 2012. Only 30 businesses (56.6%) reported having contacted the

Oswego Police Department for assistance. Only 11 business owners (20.75%) had

contacted the Oswego Police Crime Prevention Unit for assistance. Of those overall

contacts, 28 of 29 businesses indicated that they were satisfied with the services provided

by Oswego Police (96.55%). Of the twelve businesses rating the Crime Prevention Unit,

nine or 75 percent were satisfied with the services provided by this unit. Only a small

number of businesses (6 or 11.32%) had been issued an ordinance violation ticket by a

member of the Oswego Police Department. However, unlike citizen respondents, about

one-half (26 of 51 or 50.98%) of business owners-proprietors knew an Oswego Police

Officer personally. For greater detail see Figures 9 thru 11 and Appendix F for detailed

frequency distributions of business responses.

24

25

Owego Respondents as Crime Victims, and Views of Safety and Fear of Crime in 2012 Citizens of Oswego were asked a series of questions regarding their experiences

as crime victimization within the past five years. Of the 351 respondents, 41 residents

(11.78%) indicated that they had been a victim of one or more crimes during the previous

five years. Most residents indicated they were victims only one time – 30 victims or 73.2

percent of 41 citizens who were victims. Less than 17 percent of crime victims indicated

that they had been victimized by a property or personal crime more than one time in the

last five years – 11 of 41 respondents indicating multiple victimizations (27 additional

victimizations reported by these 11 citizens). Thus the total number of victimizations

over five years was 57 separate incidents reported by these 41 respondents. Regarding

single and multiple victimizations, most of the reported victimizations were property

crimes – 76.36 percent, or 42 of the 55 victimizations where the nature of the crime was

26

noted. Only 23.64 percent (or 13 of 55 victimizations) reported being a victim of a

personal crime, or both property and personal crimes within the same reported incident.

Of the 57 reported victimizations and 41 individual victims, 70.37 percent reported that

the offender had not been caught and that they were uncertain of the outcome (38 of 54

victimizations where outcomes were shared). Only 7.41 percent of victimizations lead to

an offender being caught and convicted – based upon 4 of 54 victimizations with reported

outcomes. Of all of the victimizations, only 19.44 percent of the victims reported that the

crime had occurred in the last 12 months – 7 of 36 victims recalling the time frame of the

victimization. Such information reveals lower victimization rates, but also lower

proportions of successful convictions as known by the victims, than compared to

previous survey replications

Oswego citizen respondents in 2012 also revealed other information on

knowledge of other victims and fear of crime. Over one-fourth of citizens (26.9%)

indicated that they knew someone else who had been a crime victim in Oswego.

Regarding feelings of safety, citizen respondents varied based upon the time of day and

the location. Nearly 96 percent of respondents felt safe or very safe walking alone during

the day in their neighborhood. About 89 percent of citizens felt safe walking alone during

the day in a park close to their home, and over 87 percent indicated feeling safe or very

safe while walking alone during the day in a Oswego shopping area. The level of safety

was somewhat lower when asked about walking alone at night. About 75 percent of

respondents felt safe or very safe walking alone at night in their neighborhood. However,

just over one-half (50.6%) indicated feeling safe walking alone in a park close to their

home at night – lowest rate of feeling safe. About 64 percent felt safe walking along in a

27

Oswego shopping area at night. Nine-in-ten (90.1%) of the respondents indicated feeling

safe at home alone at night. For more detailed information refer the Appendix E, and

Figures 12 thru 15.

28

29

In a separate responses from Oswego businesses, it was found that overall victim

experiences, as well as overall safety, were somewhat higher in compared with residents.

Of the 53 business respondents, 13 owners (24.53%) indicated that they had been a

victim of one or more crimes during the previous five years. Most business indicated they

were victims only one time – 9 victims or 69.23 percent of 13 businesses who were

victims. Less than 30.77 percent of crime victims indicated that they had been victimized

by a property or personal crime more than one time in the last five years – 4 of 13

respondents indicating multiple victimizations (13 additional victimizations reported by

these 4 business owners). Thus the total number of victimizations over five years was 22

separate incidents reported by these 13 business respondents. Most businesses reported

victimizations were property crimes – 85 percent, or 17 of the 20 businesses where the

nature of the crime was noted. Only 15 percent (or 3 of 20 victimizations) reported being

a victim of a personal crime. Of the 13 reported business victims and 20 individual victim

incidents, 70 percent reported that the offender had not been caught and that they were

uncertain of the outcome (14 of 20 victimizations where outcomes were shared). Only 20

percent of victimizations lead to an offender being caught and convicted – based upon 4

of 20 victimizations with reported outcomes – higher than citizens reporting

apprehensions and convictions. One-third (33.33%) of the business victims reported that

the crime had occurred in the last 12 months – 4 of 12 businesses recalling the time frame

of the victimization.

Oswego business proprietors in 2012 also revealed other information on

knowledge of other victims and fear of crime. Over one-fifth of citizens (21.15%)

indicated that they knew someone else who had been a crime victim in Oswego.

30

Regarding feelings of safety, business respondents varied based upon the time of day and

the location. Nearly 95 percent of business owners felt safe or very safe during the day

working at or commuting to their business. About 92 percent of business proprietors felt

safe walking working or commuting near their business, and nearly 91 percent indicated

feeling safe or very safe working or commuting in other areas of Oswego during the day.

The level of safety was a bit lower when asked about working or commuting at night.

About 86 percent of business respondents felt safe or very safe at night working at or

commuting to their business. Just over 83 percent of business owners indicated feeling

safe working or commuting near their business at night. About 81 percent felt safe

commuting or working in other areas of Oswego at night. The reader is cautioned that

lower frequencies of business victimizations makes these results only tentative. For more

detailed information on business perceptions of victimization and safety refer the

Appendix F and Figures 16 thru 19.

31

32

Oswego Respondent Satisfaction, Perceptions, Awareness and Support of Specific Programs and Accomplishments Oswego residents and businesses were also asked to rate their overall satisfaction,

and to give specific opinions about specific programs and accomplishments of their

Police Department. Such views are enumerated here.

When asked to rate the overall satisfaction, citizens gave their highest marks to

the Oswego Police Department for patrol, traffic control and community relations in

2012. Over 82.23 percent of respondents indicated that the Oswego Police were doing a

satisfactory job patrolling the village. Further, 79.19 percent rated the job of traffic

control done by the Oswego Police to be satisfactory. Likewise, there were 64.18 percent

of Oswego respondents giving acceptable marks to the police for community relations.

33

Conversely, 31.81 percent of citizens were uncertain regarding police efforts at

community relations. Overall ratings of investigation, juvenile and drug problems were

lower than for other areas of police services. It is this researchers view that these

categories represented large degree of uncertainty by the respondents – later revealed in

their perceived priorities for increased gang and drug enforcement. Only 41.5 percent of

respondents considered the Oswego Police as doing a satisfactory job with investigating

crimes in 2012. Only 33 percent and 23.24 percent of citizens considered that the

Oswego Police were doing a good job with juvenile and drug problems. These findings

parallel the 56.20 percent were unsure of the crime investigation job being done by the

police. Similarly, 59.94 percent of citizen respondents were uncertain regarding juvenile-

police matters, and with 69.16 percent being uncertain of drug enforcement in 2012.

In other questions, the Oswego police personnel were rated regarding

performance, sworn strength, honesty, competency and satisfaction. In keeping with the

larger Chicago area and national opinion polls (Shaw and Brannan, 2009), and citizen

perceptions of biased enforcement linked with demographics of the officer and resident

(Huggins, 2012) , only 52.15 percent of Oswego residents perceived that the police were

treating citizens fairly regardless of race, creed or color. Nearly as many (44.13%) were

uncertain if the Oswego Police treated citizens fairly regardless of race, creed or color –

reflecting some of the legacy of perceptions of biased enforcement that spill over into

public perceptions (Huggins, 2012). Aside from race, color or creed, 58.86 percent of

Oswego residents felt that their police were honest. Further, 69.63 percent of citizens felt

that Oswego officers were competent. Only 34.77 percent of residents felt that the

34

Oswego Police had sufficient police officers in 2012 – with 53.16 percent uncertain

regarding the sworn strength of the department.

Oswego citizens were asked about their awareness of selected police programs in

2012. The highest awareness levels were regarding the community service officers and

the police web site – with between 72.75 percent to 73.26 of residents aware of these

services. However, there were other areas of program awareness that were lower than

expected. Only 44.45 percent of residents were aware of the increased traffic

enforcement over the previous year. Only 29.43 percent of residents were aware of the

CALEA certification process mentioned earlier in this study. Even though most residents

were aware of the Oswego Police web site, only about four-in-ten residents (39.29%)

were aware of the sex offender map on that web site. Only 33.04 percent of residents

were aware of the police sponsorship of “home owner associations” in Oswego. The

lowest proportion of citizen awareness was of increased bicycle patrol efforts of the

department – 14.53 percent. Like in previous perceptions of the police, a large

proportion of residents were uncertain of the existence of some police programs. About

22 percent of citizens were uncertain if increased traffic or bicycle patrol had occurred in

the past 12 months. Over six out of ten respondents were not aware of CALEA

certification efforts, the increase in the bicycle patrol areas or police-organized home

owner associations.

Citizens were also asked their level of support for police policies and programs in

place at the time of the questionnaire. With the exception of lower approval rates for

continuing the bicycle patrol program (only 14.28% favored), all other programs and

policies received a high support rating from residents. Over nine of ten residents favored

35

supporting mandatory police physical fitness requirements, as well as requiring a

minimum of a two-year degree for police employment (98.01% and 90.00%

respectively). Over 70 percent of residents support paying tuition for continuing

education and police-related courses – with some open-ended caveat that the officer

would earn a certain grade or that tuition would be limited. Nearly 88 to 89 percent of

residents favored not limiting front desk hours (maintaining 24 hour coverage-seven days

a week), and preferred keeping police home checks for those residents that are on

vacation and request the service. A large percent (94.75%) supported the monthly police

checks of sex offenders in their residences. Almost seven of ten respondents (68.38%)

favored the use of unmarked police cars in traffic enforcement within the Village. Nearly

eight of ten (79.31%) residents were in favor of the police-school liaison officer program.

For additional information on citizen satisfaction, perceptions of police awareness of

programs and support for policies, see Appendix E and Figures 20 thru 23.

36

37

Like citizens, business respondents also gave their highest marks to the Oswego

Police Department for patrol, traffic control and community relations in 2012. Over 84.91

percent of business owners indicated that the Oswego Police were doing a satisfactory

job patrolling the village. Additional, 86.54 percent of businesses were satisfied with the

job of traffic control done by the Oswego Police. Similarly, there were 73.58 percent of

business proprietors that were satisfied with police for community relations in Oswego.

However, a lower percent of business respondents were satisfied with the role of

investigating crimes, and handling the juvenile and drug problem in Oswego. Like with

citizen responses, it is this researcher’s view that these categories represented large

degree of uncertainty with the business community on these issues and as later revealed

in perceived priorities for increased gang and drug enforcement. Only 50 percent of

business respondents considered the Oswego Police as doing a satisfactory job with

38

investigating crimes. Only 35.85 percent of business proprietors considered that the

Oswego Police were doing a good job with juvenile problems in the village. Likewise,

Only 26.42 percent of these responding businesses were satisfied with the Oswego Police

handling of the drug problem in the community. These findings also parallel the 46.15

percent of businesses that were unsure of the crime investigation job being done by the

police. Similarly, 58.49 percent of business respondents were uncertain regarding

juvenile-police matters. Nearly 70 percent (69.81) of these same businesses were

uncertain of drug enforcement conducted by the Oswego Police in 2012.

In other questions, the business respondents rated the Oswego police personnel

regarding performance, sworn strength, honesty, competency and satisfaction. In keeping

with other studies on police perceptions (Shaw and Brannan, 2009), and perceptions of

biased enforcement and demographics (Huggins, 2012), the business community had a

more favorable view of the Oswego Police than citizens. Almost seven in ten businesses

(69.23%) of businesses perceived that the police were treating citizens fairly regardless of

race, creed or color. Only about one-fourth (25.00%) were uncertain if the Oswego

Police treated citizens fairly regardless of race, creed or color. Over seven of ten

businesses (71.71%) felt that the Oswego Police were honest. Further, 73.58 percent of

business respondents felt that Oswego officers were competent. About one in four

businesses were uncertain regarding the honesty or competency of Oswego Police

officers. Only 41.71 percent of businesses felt that the Oswego Police had sufficient

police officers in 2012 – with 52.83 percent uncertain regarding the sworn strength of the

department.

39

Oswego businesses were asked about their awareness of selected police programs

in 2012. The highest awareness levels were regarding the community service officers and

the police web site – with between 75.47 to 79.25 percent of business respondents aware

of these two service areas. About six in ten businesses (61.45%) were aware of the

“Village of Oswego Economic Development” web site. However, there were other areas

of program awareness by the business community were lower than expected. Only 37.74

percent of businesses were aware of the increased traffic enforcement over the previous

year. Only 15.09 percent of business respondents were aware of increase in bicycle patrol

in the Village. Only 30.19 percent of businesses were aware of the CALEA certification

process mentioned previously in this report. Like in previous perceptions about the

police, a large proportion of businesses were uncertain of the existence of some police

programs. Between 25 and 32 percent of businesses were uncertain if increased traffic or

bicycle patrol had occurred in the past 12 months. Over six out of ten businesses

(64.15%) were not aware of CALEA certification efforts.

Businesses were also asked their level of support for police policies and programs

in effect at the time of the questionnaire. All programs and policies received a relatively

high support rating from business respondents. Over nine of ten businesses favored

supporting mandatory police physical fitness requirements, while about eight of ten

supported requiring a minimum of a two-year degree for police employment (96.23% and

83.02% correspondingly). Over 66 percent of businesses support paying tuition for

continuing education and police-related courses. Nearly 77 percent of business

respondents favored not limiting front desk hours and maintaining 24 hour coverage-

seven days a week. About 78 percent preferred keeping police home checks for those

40

who were on vacation and request the service. A large percent of businesses (96.23%)

supported the monthly police checks of sex offenders in their residences. Over sixty-two

(62.26%) percent of responding businesses favored the use of unmarked police cars in

traffic enforcement within the Village. Three-fourths (75%) of businesses were in favor

of the continuation of the police-school liaison officer program. The lowest program

rating by the business community was the continuation of the bicycle patrol program in

the Village. Only 54.72 percent of businesses favored continuation of the bicycle patrol

program, while 35.85 of business respondents were uncertain regarding its’ continuation.

The reader should be cautioned that the business response frequencies were lower than

expected (only 53 business respondents) making percentages regarding police programs

or performance only tentative. For additional information on business satisfaction,

perceptions of police, awareness of programs and support for policies, see Appendix F

and Figures 24 thru 27.

41

42

Perceptions of Other Issues and Concerns Regarding the Oswego Police Department There were additional issues regarding law enforcement support, primary law

enforcement concerns as perceived by residents and the open-ended views of Oswego

respondents. These concern priorities and open-ended views of citizen and business

respondents are summarized here.

Citizen respondents shared their perceptions of the biggest concern for the

Oswego Police in 2012 – ranked from a one (1) for the largest problem to a six (6)

representing the smallest problem. Of the issues listed, most received a “high” to

“highest” rating on the one-to-six (1-6) point scale. The area of traffic control received

the lowest-priority ranking with only 11.65 percent of citizens rate such problems as a

high-to-highest concern for the Oswego Police Department. The median for traffic

control was a 4.706 (or below a low-moderate priority). Only 41 of 351 citizen

43

respondents indicated other concerns. Still of those miscellaneous concern, 17.08 percent

of respondents rated these issues as a high concern for the Oswego Police Department - a

median of 5.817 indicating an average of a low concern for such miscellaneous issues.

Many of these ancillary issues included: increased targeted neighborhood patrols, more

child and senior targeted programs; revision of overnight parking enforcement; noise

issues; teen and cyber bullying; and disability and pedestrian concerns. Those perceived

areas receiving higher concern for the Oswego Police Department were: crimes against

persons, gang problems, drugs and crimes against property. Over 62.54 percent of

respondents rated crimes against persons as a big or the biggest problem facing the

Oswego Police – a median score of 1.485 on a six point scale (with an even lower median

in 2012 indicating a higher problem than in previous surveys). Other big problems

perceived by Oswego citizens were the gang and drug problem in the Village. Nearly

sixty percent (58.96%) rated the gang problem as a big or the biggest problem facing the

police – with a low median of 2.243 on a six point scale indicating a high concern.

Likewise, the drug problem was also perceived to be a big or the biggest problem for the

Oswego Police by 50 percent of respondents – with a median of 2.00 on a one-to-six

point scale (with one being the most serious). A concern for crimes against property was

seen by respondents to be a moderate problem. Only 35.08 percent of citizens indicated

that crimes against property were a big or the biggest problem facing the Oswego Police

– a median of 3.351 on a six point scale (a moderate rating of this problem).

Business respondents also shared their perceptions of the biggest concern for the

Oswego Police in 2012 – ranked from a one (1) for the largest problem to a six (6)

representing the smallest problem. None of the businesses ranked other concerns as a big

44

or biggest concern – with 10 of 11 business respondents ranking other shared concerns at

small or smallest concerns. These other concerns included: patrolling child care centers

and parks more; check business doors and property at night; a need to stop or reduce false

alarm fees to business owners; and more visible patrols in shopping centers after dark

(after 7:30 pm). Like citizens responses, the area of traffic control received the smallest

priority ranking with only 4.26 percent of businesses rating such problems as a big-to-

biggest concern for the Oswego Police Department. The median for traffic control was a

4.875 (or below a low-moderate priority). Those perceived areas receiving higher

concern from Oswego businesses were: crimes against persons, gang problems, drugs and

crimes against property. Over 64.59 percent of business respondents ranked crimes

against persons as a big or the biggest problem facing the Oswego Police – a median

score of 1.423 on a six point scale. Other big problems perceived by Oswego businesses

were the gang and drug problem in the Village. Over one-half (51.12%) rated the gang

problem as a big or the biggest problem facing the police – with a low median of 2.255

on a six point scale indicating a high concern. Likewise, the drug problem was also

perceived to be a big or the biggest problem for the Oswego Police by 57.14 percent of

business respondents – with a median of 2.250 on a one-to-six point scale (ranked as a

big problem as well - with one being the most serious problem). A concern for crimes

against property was seen by the Oswego respondents to be a moderate problem by

business proprietors. About 41 percent of citizens indicated that crimes against property

were a big or the biggest problem facing the Police – a median of 3.000 on a six point

scale (a moderate rating of this problem).

45

In addition to concerns facing the Police, an overview of open-ended comments

by citizen respondents was undertaken by this researcher. Such detailed comments are

not included in this report due to the need for respondent anonymity. Such comments are

in the respondents own words and must be summarized to protect confidentiality. These

open-ended comments were evaluated for varying degrees of support for the Oswego

Police Department. Positive evaluations were giver when comments were completely or

nearly all supportive of the Oswego Police. Mixed comments were coded when open-

ended responses were both encouraging but critical as well. Negative comments were

those that were strictly critical without any supportive language. If no open-ended written

comments were made in the respondent’s own words this fact, a “no comment was noted.

Open-ended comments were often lacking of all respondents. When given, such

comments were generally mixed or positive of police efforts in the Village. In 65.53

percent of citizen responses, no open-ended comments were made. Only 25 citizens (or

7.12%) were wholly negative regarding policing in Oswego. Another 56 respondents

(15.96%) had a mix of positive and negatives comments. Still, 40 citizens (11.40%) were

completely positive in their comments about the Oswego Police Department. Over 84

percent of businesses had no written comments (44 responses). Only one (1.92%)

business had a negative review of the Oswego Police. Two businesses (3.85%) had mixed

comments, while five commercial respondents (9.62%) had only positive written

comments about the Oswego Police. For details on law enforcement concerns and the

nature of open-ended comments for citizen and business respondents, please refer to

Appendices E and F, and Figures 28 thru 31.

46

47

48

Summary and Recommendations Until recently Oswego and Kendall County were among the fastest growing

communities in the United States. Even with the recession and slowing of growth, Owego

has been transformed from a rural community of nearly 3,875 residents in 1990 to a

suburban area nearing a population of 30,355 inhabitants – a seven-fold increase in just

two decades. As part of the challenge to deliver law enforcement services to this

changing demographic, combined with the economic downturn of the past three years,

this study represents the fourth survey of citizen perceptions of crime, fear and police

services. In March of 2012, the water billing list of 9,777 subscribers in Oswego was

identified. In April of 2012, approximately one in ten water billing subscribers (1033)

was mailed a questionnaire (see Appendices A and C for the cover letter and citizen

questionnaire). Based upon this sampling frame 351 surveys were returned and the

analysis was completed by the School of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration at

Western Illinois University in May and June of 2012. Detailed results of the citizen

surveys are contained in Appendix E. Likewise, 400 business water subscribers were

identified, with a systematic sample of 50 percent (every other business beginning at a

random starting point). This resulted in 200 business surveys mailed during April, and 53

surveys returned during May of 2012 (see Appendices B and D for the business cover

letter and questionnaire). Frequency analysis of these business survey findings are

detailed in Appendix F.

Like in earlier surveys, results revealed respondents who were generally better

educated and were of higher household incomes. Respondents also were relatively recent

new comers to Oswego – most having come to the Village in the last decade. Most

49

residents responding were Caucasian. Slightly more females responded to the survey.

Most respondents owned a home but did not own a business. Still, even fewer young,

low income and less educated respondents completed the 2012 surveys.

Such difference in demographics and a lower-than-expected response rate (33.98

percent return rate of citizens and 26.5 percent for businesses) suggest some non-

respondent bias. Such bias cannot be directly measured but may influence analysis

outcomes due to likely differences between those returning questionnaire, and the larger

random group who choose not to participate. With such under-participation bias, it is

cautioned that any results from the 2012 study be viewed as tentative findings. Greater

participation from these underrepresented groups (ethnic minorities, those under 25 years

of age, those of lower educational achievement and low income) may reduce such bias.

Besides systematic under-participation, random error due to sampling may also

influence the percentage results discussed. In the citizen sample, the likely sampling

error is +/- 5.1 percentage points. With the business survey, the likely sampling error is

+/- 12.6 percentage points. Any percentage tables found in Appendix E may likely be off

about 5 percent if compared a larger population of Oswego residents. Similarly, results

of the business frequency percentage may be adjusted up or down by 12.6 percent due to

the lower sample return from the larger population of businesses that may have

participated.

Still, some interesting findings from citizens and businesses can be summarized

from the details in the narratives, tables and figures, and the supporting frequencies in

Appendix E and F. As in previous surveys, the typical respondents were female

Caucasians who were somewhat older. About eight of ten residents were between 25 and

50

64 years of age. Many respondents were of higher income and education levels. About

one in four respondents had graduate college training. Over four in ten respondents

indicated a household income exceeding $100,000. Residents generally owned a home,

were married but did not own a business. Fewer of the respondents represented younger

populations with lower income and less than two years of college.

Nearly two-thirds of Oswego residents had contacted the police for assistance. Of

those residents contacting the police, over ninety percent were satisfied with the service

they received. Of the 36 residents who contacted the police on the streets of Oswego,

nearly seventy percent were satisfied with their police street contact.

Only three residents had been arrested by the Oswego Police in 2012. Over seven

percent of residents had been issued an ordinance violation notice and over 22 percent

received traffic citations. Nearly 15 percent of residents received a crime prevention

notice. Just over 22 percent of residents knew an Oswego Police Officer in 2012.

Nearly fifty percent of ten businesses had contacted the Oswego Police during

2012. Just over two of ten businesses had contact with the Oswego Crime Prevention

Unit or a Community Service Officer.

When contacting Oswego Police, well over nine of ten business respondents were

satisfied with police services received. Over seven of ten businesses were satisfied with

their contact with the Crime Prevention Unit or the Community Service Officers in

Oswego in 2012.

Only about ten percent of businesses had received an ordinance violation ticket in

2012. Nearly one-third of businesses had received a crime prevention notice. About one

in two business proprietors knew an Oswego police officer personally.

51

Of the 351 citizen respondents, 41 or 11.8 percent indicated being a victim of

crime in the past five years. Over 73 percent of these 41 victims were victimized only

once – usually as a property crime victim (over 76 percent of crimes). Most residential

victims (over 70 percent) indicated that the offender had not been caught and they were

uncertain of any disposition.

Most of the recorded citizen victimizations had not occurred in the last 12 months

(over 70 percent). Other than direct victimization, about one of four citizen respondents

indicated they knew other Oswego residents who had been a victim of a crime.

Fear of being a crime victim was highest at night and in areas such as parks near a

respondent’s home - just over 50 percent of residents feeling safe at night in a park.

Otherwise, at least two-thirds or more of respondents felt safe in their neighborhood or in

shopping areas during the day or night. Over nine out of ten of citizen respondents

indicated that they felt safe in their home at night during 2012.

Of the 53 business respondents, 13 businesses indicated being a victim of a crime

in the last five years (about 25 percent). Eighty-five percent of business crimes involved

property offenses. Like citizen respondents, seven of ten business proprietor victims

indicated that the offender had not been caught and they were uncertain of the disposition

of the crime.

Like residents, only one third of business crimes had occurred in the last 12

months. Over two of ten businesses indicated knowing someone else who had been a

crime victim.

Unlike residents, business proprietors felt generally safe working or commuting in

the Village – day or night. Levels of feeling safe in or around one’s business, or in other

52

areas of Oswego, varied by activity. About eight of ten business proprietors, working or

commuting near their business, felt safe either day or night. Over nine of ten businesses

reporting feeling safe commuting to their business or in other areas of Oswego during the

day. Feelings of safety commuting or in other areas at night were somewhat less (though

still relatively high at over eight of ten businesses).

Overall, the citizens returning the questionnaire gave the Oswego Police high

marks for patrolling the community and traffic control – between 82.2 and 79.1 percent

of 2012 respondents. Over two thirds of residents give the Oswego Police high marks for

community relations (64.2 percent). Positive ratings for investigating crimes, handling

the juvenile and drug problems were lower – from 23.3 to 41.5 percent of citizens

satisfied with these areas of police service.

In other ratings, about one-half of residents believed the police treat others fairly

by race, color or creed – 52.2 percent. Nearly as many citizens were uncertain regarding

ethnic treatment of Oswego residents (44.1 percent) – consistent with finding in national

opinion polls regarding race relations and the police (Shaw and Brannan, 2009). Still

between 58 to 70 percent of citizens gave high marks for police honesty and competency.

Only one in three citizens felt the Oswego had enough police officers in 2012 – with over

53 percent of citizens uncertain if the Village has enough officers. These findings are

consistent with national research on policing attitudes as related to changing

demographics – especially rapid population growth. Many of the questions regarding

sworn strength and police honesty revealed high percentages of uncertainty (Sampson

and Bartusch, 1999; Lee, Steinberg and Piquero, 2010).

53

Citizen awareness was highest for the Oswego Police Web Site and Community

Service Officers – over seven in ten respondents were aware of these services. Citizens

showed the least knowledge regarding the bike patrol, CALEA certification, the sex

offender map and the police-organized home owners associations (between 29 to 42

percent aware). Awareness was low due to the higher number of citizens indicating

uncertainty about these programs-services (as high as 62 to 64 percent of respondents).

At least two-thirds or more of Oswego respondents were in favor of maintaining

and or using a number of programs in 2012. These programs include: mandatory physical

fitness; 2 year degree for police employment, tuition for police continuing education;

operate 24 hour/seven day front desk; home checks for vacationers; monthly sex offender

checks; use of unmarked cars in traffic control; and the School Liaison Officer Program.

Support for the bicycle patrol fell to 14.3 percent in 2012 (lower than in previous

surveys) with nearly 63 percent not supporting the bicycle patrol program.

Overall, business respondents were most satisfied with police patrolling the

Village, traffic control and community relations (between 73.6 to 86.5 percent satisfied

with those service areas). However, like the citizen respondents, business proprietors

revealed lower satisfaction with the handling of the drug and juvenile programs – with

26.4 to 35.9 percent satisfied with these areas respectively. Similar to citizen findings,

businesses revealed a high degree of uncertainty regarding the handling of juvenile and

drug issues in Oswego (between 58 to 70 percent uncertain for those areas).

Business perceptions of Oswego Police were higher overall than citizen

respondents. About seven in ten businesses felt the police treated all fairly regardless of

race, color or creed. Likewise, between 72 and 74 percent of business proprietors felt the

54

Oswego Police were honest and competent. But like citizens, only four of ten proprietors

felt the Village had enough police officers. Most business respondents were uncertain

regarding the number of officers within the Village (52.8 percent).

Businesses were most likely aware of the Oswego Police web site, the Village

web site for economic development, and community service officers – representing

between 61.5 to 79.3 percent of business respondents in 2012. Areas of lower awareness

by business respondents were: CALEA certification, traffic enforcement and bike patrol

services (15.1 to 37.7 percent aware of such programs). This lower awareness was

directly related to a higher proportion of businesses that were uncertain regarding these

police programs (between 24.5 to 64.2 percent uncertain about these areas of service).

In all areas, business proprietors who responded generally favored continuation of

all police policies. Highest support was for the mandatory physical fitness for officers

and the monthly sex offender checks – at over 96 percent of responding businesses

favoring these policies. Businesses also favored at a lesser (but majority) degree a

variety of police policies including: requiring a two-year degree for police employment;

paying police college tuition with some restrictions; keeping the police department front

desk open 24 hours-7days a week; maintain home checks for those on vacation; use of

unmarked cars for traffic enforcement; continuing the School Liaison Officer Program.;

and the police bicycle program. Support for these policies and programs were between

54.7 to 83 percent of business respondents (53 responding in 2012).

Oswego residents were asked to rank six areas from the biggest concern (priority

1) to the smallest concern (priority 6). The lowest concerns of residents were traffic

control and other problems – only 11.7 to 17.08 percent rating these concerns as high or

55

highest priority. Only 41 of 351 respondents mentioned other concerns ranging from

more targeting patrols to enforcing public order issues. The two biggest concerns were

gang problems and crimes against persons, with 58.9 to 62.5 percent of rated as a high-to-

highest priority. Also rated as big-to-biggest concern among citizens were drug issues

(50 percent) and crimes against property (35.1 percent). None of the business

respondents had other concerns. For businesses, the big-to-biggest priorities were crimes

against persons (64.6 percent), drug problems (57.1 percent), gang control issues (51

percent), and crimes against property (41.2 percent). Like citizen respondents, business

proprietors rated traffic concerns as the lowest priority for the Oswego Police – only 4.3

percent of business respondents rating this as a big-to-biggest concern.

A final area of the survey allowed open ended comments from citizen and

business respondents – comments in their own words. In most cases, neither positive nor

negative comments were given. Over 65 percent of residents gave no additional

comments. Nearly 85 percent of business respondents gave no additional comments. Of

all respondents about one-in-ten respondent (resident or business) gave positive

comments regarding Oswego Police. In only a small proportion (1.9 percent for

businesses and 7.1 percent for residents) were respondents negative or critical of the

Oswego Police programs and contacts. It is interesting to note that the high proportion of

uncertain responses in 2012 were consistent with the somewhat higher level of new

residents – many having not resided in Oswego over six years (since the replications of

the survey was distributed in 2003, 2006 and 2009. Still, these findings are a useful

snapshot of the perceptions regarding the police programs and services, crime and fear of

56

crime, and support for continued growth of Oswego Police efforts – consistent with the

guidelines set forth by CALEA.

From these findings there are a number of recommendations that this researcher

would suggest to the Oswego Police Department and the residents of the Village of

Oswego.

1. That this cross-sectional trend design study in 2012 be replicated no later than

2015 for the Village of Oswego, including new sampling frames to capture those

groups who are under-represented.

2. To capture more under represented groups, an additional sampling frame should

be identified be used in conjunction with water-billing subscribers. A sampling

frame such as registered voters, licensed drivers, or resident lists of apartment

complexes could strengthen the sample and reduce non-respondent bias.

3. That a breakdown of key questions by age, gender, income, education and length

of residency should be performed. Such a breakdown may identify sub-

populations who differ on experiences with the police, victimization and fear of

crime, and support or understanding of Oswego police services. Such a

breakdown should use a weighting variable (adjusting for under-reporting) to

better represent more accurate perceptions of under represented groups.

4. That all baseline questions, asked across all of the four cross-sectional studies

(2003 thru 2012) be combined to evaluate historical changes in perceptions and

experiences of Oswego residents as they relate to police services, victimization

and fear of crime, and support and understanding of Oswego police services. This

is particularly important given increases in victimization, decline in some areas of

57

satisfaction, changing support for some programs and services such as school

liaison officers, officer tuition and education and increasing fear in public places

at night.

5. Community partnerships already begun by the Oswego Police Department

continue to be strengthened. Specific attention to providing information and

services to newer residents may lower the rates of uncertainty found in some of

the program areas in this fourth replication, as well as the high uncertainty about

police programs by the responding business proprietors in 2012.

6. That continued efforts be made to contact crime victims as a follow-up. Such a

follow-up should offer them information regarding the status of the complaint,

any arrests and dispositions. Such a after-the-fact contact of victims would also

give them a chance to express additional concerns or fears that may be addressed

by additional police efforts.

7. That the Oswego Police continue to emphasize and publicize the “Neighborhood

Watch Program.” and the “Home Owner Associations.” Further, any additional

efforts at community outreach such as through Citizen Academies, Senior

Academies, Neighborhood contacts, the Police Cadet Programs, and Community

Service Officers should continue to be strengthened.

8. That the Oswego Police evaluate those areas of citizen concern, especially drug

and gang problems, and review current policies and practices to address these

concerns through public outreach and education, and targeted enforcement in

public areas such as parks.

58

9. Given the high uncertainty regarding treating all fairly by race, color or creed,

efforts should be undertaken to evaluate “officer-by-officer stop patterns”

compared to the overall stop patterns by beat and time-of-day. Such detailed stop

patterns helps identify those officers who need training and supervision regarding

biased enforcement – allowing the Village to evaluate the “affirmative and even-

handedness” to traffic enforcement.

10. Citizen education regarding policies and training against biased enforcement, and

the traffic enforcement practices should be continued and strengthened. Further,

that an analysis of traffic stop patterns identifying multiple factors for police

contact beyond race, color or creed should be undertaken. Results of such a

traffic stop or enforcement study should be shared with all community

stakeholders.

11. Related to education and ethnicity, the Oswego Police Department should be

diligent in conducting research in order to assess the perception by the public

served. Such research should ensure the needs of the minority population are

being addressed. According to 2010 census, 17.7 percent of Oswego residents

were non-Caucasian. Targeted research on ethnic group perceptions could

provide invaluable insights on how police services could be improved for such

groups and the Village at large.

59

References

Associated Press (2012). Growth in distant suburbs grows to historic low. Published in The Business Telegram.com April 5, 2012 Web Address: http://www.telegram.com/article/20120405/NEWS/120409761/-1/business18 Baird, D., (2003), Perception and Attitudes towards the Oswego Police and the Fear of Crime and Victimization in the Village of Oswego, Illinois, Unpublished Thesis. Macomb, Il.: Western Illinois University. Catalano, S., (2005). Criminal Victimization, 2004. U.S. Department of Justice; Bureau of Justice Statistics, 9/05. 1-12 Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, Inc. (2012) Conducting a Citizen Survey. CALEA Update Magazine No. 95. Web Address: http://www.calea.org/calea-update-magazine/issue-95/conducting-citizen-survey City-Data.Com (2008) Fact on Oswego, Illinois. Web Address: http://www.city-data.com/city/Oswego-Illinois.html Fitzgerald, J.D., & Cox, S.M. (2001). Research Methods and Statistics in Criminal Justice: An Introduction. Third Edition, Wadsworth Thompson Learning. CA. Hazlett, M. (1993). Applied Criminal Justice Analysis. Dubuque, IA.: Kendall-Hunt Publishing. Huggins, C.M. (2012). Traffic stop encounters: officer and citizen race, and perceptions of police propriety. American Journal of Criminal Justice d(Vol 37:1) pp. 92-110. Web Address: http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12103-010-9097-8 Jensen, J. (2006). Perception and Attitudes towards the Oswego Police and the Fear of Crime and Victimization in the Village of Oswego, Illinois- a Replication. Unpublished Thesis. Macomb, Il.: Western Illinois University. Kraska, P.B. and W.L. Neuman (2008). Criminal Justice and Criminology Research Methods. Boston, Ma.: Pearson, Allyn and Bacon Publishers. Lee, J.M., L. Steinberg and A.R. Piquero (2010). Ethnic identity and attitudes toward the police among African American juvenile offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice Vol.38 (781-789). Web Address: http://www.temple.edu/psychology/lds/documents/Ethnic_Identity_and_Attitudes_Toward_Police.pdf

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Mackum, P and S. Wilson (2011). Population Distribution and Change – 2000 to 2010. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Web Address: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-01.pdf Oswego Police Department, (2012). Police Annual Reports (2004-2010). Web Address: http://www.oswegopoliceil.org/annual-reports.htm Sampson, R.J. and D.J.Barusch (1999). National Institute of Justice-Research Preview, Attitudes Toward Crime, Police and the Law: Individual Neighborhood Differences. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Justice (June, 1999) Web Address: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/fs000240.pdf Shaw, G.M. and K.E. Brannan (2009) The Polls—Trends Confidence in Law Enforcement. Public Opinion Quarterly (March 18, 2009) Vol. 73: 199-220. Skolnick, J., (1994). Justice without Trial: Law Enforcement in a Democratic Society. Third Edition, Macmillan. New York. Seymour, A., (2002). The News Media’s Coverage of Crime and Victimization. The National Victim Assistance Academy. 1-4 Taylor, B., & Rand, M., (2003). The National Crime Victimization Survey Redesign; New Understandings of Victimization Dynamics and Measurement. U.S. Department of Justice; Bureau of Justice Statistics Statistics, (2003). 81-86 Trojanowicz, R., & Bucqueroux, B. (1990). Ten Principles of Community Policing. Missouri Crime Prevention Information Center. United States Department of Justice-Office of Justice Programs – Bureau of Justice Statistics. Criminal Victimization, 2010 Washington, D.C.: Web Address: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=245 United States Census Bureau 1990, 2000 and 2010 Censuses. Washington, D.C.: Web Address: http://www.census.gov/

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of the Census. Census 2010: Population Characteristics. Washington, D.C. Web Address: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17/1756887.html

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APENDIX A Cover Letter for the 2012 Resident Questionnaire

62

APENDIX B Cover Letter for the 2012 Business Questionnaire

63

APENDIX C Questionnaire on Crime and the Oswego Police Department (2012) for Citizens

I. Police Contacts Instructions: Please place an “X” in the correct blank for each question.

1. Have you ever contacted the Oswego Police Department for assistance? _____Yes _____No 1(a). If yes, were you satisfied with the service provided? _____Yes _____No

2. Have you ever contacted an Oswego Police Officer on the street for assistance? _____Yes _____No 2(a). If yes, were you satisfied with the service provided? _____Yes _____No

3. Have you ever been arrested by the Oswego Police Department?

_____Yes _____No

4. Have you ever been issued a traffic ticket by the Oswego Police Department? _____Yes _____No

5. Have you ever been issued an ordinance violation ticket by a Community Service Officer? _____Yes _____No

6. Do you know any Oswego Police Officers personally?

_____Yes _____No II. Crime Information Instructions: Please place an “X” in the correct blank for each question.

7. Have you been the victim of a crime in Oswego during the past five years? _____Yes _____No

7(a). If yes, how many times? _____ 7(b). If yes, what type of crime was involved? Incident #1 Incident #2 Incident #3 Crime against property ________ ________ ________ Crime against the person ________ ________ ________ Crime against both property and person ________ ________ ________ 7(c). If you were a victim of a crime(in the previous question), what was

the final outcome of the incident to the best of your knowledge? Incident #1 Incident #2 Incident #3 Criminal was caught, but not convicted ________ ________ ________ Criminal was caught and convicted ________ ________ ________ Criminal was not caught and uncertain ________ ________ ________ about the outcome Criminal was caught and uncertain ________ ________ ________ about the outcome

PLEASE TURN TO THE BACK OF THIS PAGE TO CONTINUE

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7(d). If you were a victim of a crime, did any of the crimes against you occur in the past 12 months? _____Yes _____No

8. Do you personally know anyone who has been the victim of a crime committed in Oswego?

_____Yes _____No

Instructions (Questions 9-10) Place a number from 1 for very safe, to 6 for uncertain, that describes your feelings – while in your neighborhood, park or shopping area of Oswego.

9. How safe do you feel walking alone during the day? 1=very safe 2=safe 3=neither safe or unsafe 4=unsafe 5=very unsafe 6=uncertain In your neighborhood? ____ In the park close to you?____ In shopping areas? ____

10. How safe do you feel walking alone at night?

1=very safe 2=safe 3=neither safe or unsafe 4=unsafe 5=very unsafe 6=uncertain In your neighborhood? ____ In the park close to you? ____ In shopping areas? ____

11. Do you feel safe when you are at home alone at night?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain III. Attitudes towards the Oswego Police Instructions: Please place an “X” in the correct blank for each question.

12. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of patrolling the Village? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

13. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of investigating

crimes? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

14. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of traffic control?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

15. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of handling juvenile problems? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

16. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of handling the

“drug problem” in Oswego? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

17. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of community

relations? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

18. In your opinion, do Oswego Police Officers treat people fairly regardless of race, creed, or

color? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

19. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department have enough police officers?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

PLEASE TURN TO THE NEXT PAGE TO CONTINUE

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20. In your opinion, are Oswego Police Officers honest? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

21. In your opinion, are Oswego Police Officers competent? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

IV. General Information Instructions: Please place an “X” in the correct blank for each question.

22. Are you aware that the Oswego Police Department has achieved National Accreditation through CALEA (Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies)?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

23. In your opinion, should the Oswego Police Department School Liaison Officer program be continued in the public schools? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

24. In your opinion, should the Oswego Police Department continue to provide the program of

checking the homes of individuals on vacation? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

25. Have you received a crime prevention notice at your home, business or on your vehicle in the last year? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

26. Please list any other programs (other than those mentioned in this questionnaire) offered by the Oswego Police Department that you are familiar with

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

27. Currently, Oswego Police Officers are required to maintain a mandatory level of physical fitness based on their age and gender. Do you feel this practice should continue? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

28. Currently, the Oswego Police Department requires an officer to possess a two year college

degree (Associates Degree) or active Military duty prior to being employed as an officer. Do you feel this practice should continue? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

29. In your opinion, should the Village of Oswego pay tuition fees for Oswego Police Officers

who voluntarily take college courses in police related fields of study to further their professional competence? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

30. In your opinion, should the Oswego Police Department use unmarked cars in addition to

marked patrol vehicles for enforcement of traffic laws? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

32. Have you seen an increase in traffic enforcement in the past year? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

32. Have you seen an increase in bicycle patrols in the past year? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

PLEASE TURN TO THE BACK OF THIS PAGE TO CONTINUE

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33. In your opinion, should the Oswego Police Department continue to provide bicycle patrol? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

34. Are you aware the Oswego Police Department has a web site? _____Yes _____No

34(a). If yes, have you visited the Oswego Police Department web site? _____Yes _____No 34(b). If yes, have you seen the sex offender map on the Oswego Police Department web site? _____Yes _____No

35. Currently, the Oswego Police Department conducts sex offender registration checks once a month. Should this practice continue?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

36. Are you in favor of making the Oswego Police Department responsible of notifying neighborhood residents of a convicted sex offender moving to the neighborhood?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

37. Please list any suggestions or recommendations that you feel may help to improve the quality of services offered by the Oswego Police Department: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V. Service Questions Instructions: Please place an “X” in the correct blank for each question.

38. Three and six years ago research questionnaires similar to this one were mailed to a random sample of Village residents. Did you participate in this questionnaire?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain 39. Are you aware that the Oswego Police Department currently utilizes

Community Service Officers? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain 40. Have you had contact with the Oswego Police Department Community

Service Officers in the past year? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain 40(a). If yes, were they a helpful resource? _____Yes _____No

41. Are you aware that the Oswego Police Department organizes and participates in Home Owner Association programs?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain 41(a). Would you be willing to participate in a Home Owner Association program?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

42. Currently, the hours of operation for the Oswego Police Department front desk are twenty four hours seven days a week. Would you like to see the hours of operation remain the same?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

PLEASE TURN TO THE NEXT PAGE TO CONTINUE

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43. What do you feel the biggest concern of the Oswego Police Department should be? Please rank the following responses in ascending order of importance with one being your biggest concern, two being your second biggest, etc. (1 if biggest concern, 5 or 6 as least concerned).

_____Traffic Concerns _____Crimes Against Person _____Gangs _____Drugs _____Crimes Against Property _____Other (please specify)__________________________________ VI. Background Information Instructions: Please complete the following background information (this is used statistical purposes and will not be used to identify individual responses).

Your Age: ______ (in Years) Place an “X” in the appropriate space: Your Gender: Your Race: Your Current Marital Status: _____ Male _____ American Indian _____ Never Married _____ Female _____ Asian _____ Married _____ African American _____ Widowed _____ Hispanic _____ Divorced _____ Caucasian _____ Separated _____ Other Type of Residence _____Own Home _____Rent Home/Apartment You Currently _____Own Apartment _____Relative’s Home Reside At: _____Senior Citizen Housing _____Other Your _____Less than 8 years _____Some High School Highest _____High School Graduate _____Some College Education _____2 year College Degree _____4 Year College Degree Completed: _____Some Graduate Work _____Graduate or Professional Degree How long have you lived in the Village of Oswego?

_____Under 1 year _____Over 1 year to 3 years _____Over 3 years to 6 years _____Over 6 years to 10 years _____Over 10 years to 15 years _____Over 15 years to 20 years _____Over 20 years to 25 years _____Over 25 years to 30 years _____Over 30 years

Do you own your own business in the Village of Oswego? _____Yes _____No Where did you live before you moved to the Village of Oswego?

_____City of Aurora _____City of Naperville _____Kane County _____Will County _____DuPage County _____Cook County _____Other Communities in Illinois _____Out of State if so, list State_______________

PLEASE TURN TO THE BACK OF THIS PAGE TO CONTINUE

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Approximate Annual Income for your Household:

_____Less than $7,500 _____$7,501 to $14,999 _____$15,000 to $24,999 _____$25,000 to $34,999 _____$35,000 to $49,999 _____$50,000 to $74,999 _____$75,000 to $99,999 _____$100,000 and over

Please provide any additional comments you would like to share with the Oswego Police Department: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Thank you again for your assistance in completing this questionnaire. Please promptly mail the completed questionnaire in the return, postage paid envelope provided.

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APENDIX D Questionnaire on Crime and the Oswego Police Department (2012) for Businesses

I. Police Contacts Instructions: Please place an “X” in the correct blank for each question.

1. Have you ever contacted the Oswego Police Department for assistance? _____Yes _____No 1(a). If yes, were you satisfied with the service provided? _____Yes _____No

5. Have you ever contacted an Oswego Police Officer on the street for assistance? _____Yes _____No 2(a). If yes, were you satisfied with the service provided? _____Yes _____No

6. Have you ever been arrested by the Oswego Police Department?

_____Yes _____No

7. Have you ever been issued a traffic ticket by the Oswego Police Department? _____Yes _____No

5. Have you ever been issued an ordinance violation ticket by a Community Service Officer? _____Yes _____No

6. Do you know any Oswego Police Officers personally?

_____Yes _____No II. Crime Information Instructions: Please place an “X” in the correct blank for each question.

7. Have you been the victim of a crime in Oswego during the past five years? _____Yes _____No

7(a). If yes, how many times? _____ 7(b). If yes, what type of crime was involved? Incident #1 Incident #2 Incident #3 Crime against property ________ ________ ________ Crime against the person ________ ________ ________ Crime against both property and person ________ ________ ________ 7(c). If you were a victim of a crime(in the previous question), what was

the final outcome of the incident to the best of your knowledge? Incident #1 Incident #2 Incident #3 Criminal was caught, but not convicted ________ ________ ________ Criminal was caught and convicted ________ ________ ________ Criminal was not caught and uncertain ________ ________ ________ about the outcome Criminal was caught and uncertain ________ ________ ________ about the outcome

PLEASE TURN TO THE BACK OF THIS PAGE TO CONTINUE

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7(d). If you were a victim of a crime, did any of the crimes against you occur in the past 12 months? _____Yes _____No

8. Do you personally know anyone who has been the victim of a crime committed in Oswego?

_____Yes _____No

Instructions (Questions 9-10) Place a number from 1 for very safe, to 6 for uncertain, that describes your feelings – while in your neighborhood, park or shopping area of Oswego.

9. How safe do you feel walking alone during the day? 1=very safe 2=safe 3=neither safe or unsafe 4=unsafe 5=very unsafe 6=uncertain In your neighborhood? ____ In the park close to you?____ In shopping areas? ____

10. How safe do you feel walking alone at night?

1=very safe 2=safe 3=neither safe or unsafe 4=unsafe 5=very unsafe 6=uncertain In your neighborhood? ____ In the park close to you? ____ In shopping areas? ____

11. Do you feel safe when you are at home alone at night?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain III. Attitudes towards the Oswego Police Instructions: Please place an “X” in the correct blank for each question.

12. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of patrolling the Village? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

13. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of investigating

crimes? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

14. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of traffic control?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

15. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of handling juvenile problems? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

16. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of handling the

“drug problem” in Oswego? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

17. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department do a satisfactory job of community

relations? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

18. In your opinion, do Oswego Police Officers treat people fairly regardless of race, creed, or

color? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

19. In your opinion, does the Oswego Police Department have enough police officers?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

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20. In your opinion, are Oswego Police Officers honest? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

21. In your opinion, are Oswego Police Officers competent? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

IV. General Information Instructions: Please place an “X” in the correct blank for each question.

22. Are you aware that the Oswego Police Department has achieved National Accreditation through CALEA (Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies)?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

23. In your opinion, should the Oswego Police Department School Liaison Officer program be continued in the public schools? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

24. In your opinion, should the Oswego Police Department continue to provide the program of

checking the homes of individuals on vacation? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

25. Have you received a crime prevention notice at your home, business or on your vehicle in the last year? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

26. Please list any other programs (other than those mentioned in this questionnaire) offered by the Oswego Police Department that you are familiar with

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

27. Currently, Oswego Police Officers are required to maintain a mandatory level of physical fitness based on their age and gender. Do you feel this practice should continue? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

28. Currently, the Oswego Police Department requires an officer to possess a two year college

degree (Associates Degree) or active Military duty prior to being employed as an officer. Do you feel this practice should continue? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

29. In your opinion, should the Village of Oswego pay tuition fees for Oswego Police Officers

who voluntarily take college courses in police related fields of study to further their professional competence? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

30. In your opinion, should the Oswego Police Department use unmarked cars in addition to

marked patrol vehicles for enforcement of traffic laws? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

32. Have you seen an increase in traffic enforcement in the past year? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

32. Have you seen an increase in bicycle patrols in the past year? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

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33. In your opinion, should the Oswego Police Department continue to provide bicycle patrol? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

34. Are you aware the Oswego Police Department has a web site? _____Yes _____No

34(a). If yes, have you visited the Oswego Police Department web site? _____Yes _____No 34(b). If yes, have you seen the sex offender map on the Oswego Police Department web site? _____Yes _____No

35. Currently, the Oswego Police Department conducts sex offender registration checks once a month. Should this practice continue?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

36. Are you in favor of making the Oswego Police Department responsible of notifying neighborhood residents of a convicted sex offender moving to the neighborhood?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

37. Please list any suggestions or recommendations that you feel may help to improve the quality of services offered by the Oswego Police Department: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V. Service Questions Instructions: Please place an “X” in the correct blank for each question.

38. Three and six years ago research questionnaires similar to this one were mailed to a random sample of Village residents. Did you participate in this questionnaire?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain 39. Are you aware that the Oswego Police Department currently utilizes

Community Service Officers? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain 40. Have you had contact with the Oswego Police Department Community

Service Officers in the past year? _____Yes _____No _____Uncertain 40(a). If yes, were they a helpful resource? _____Yes _____No

41. Are you aware that the Oswego Police Department organizes and participates in Home Owner Association programs?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain 41(a). Would you be willing to participate in a Home Owner Association program?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

42. Currently, the hours of operation for the Oswego Police Department front desk are twenty four hours seven days a week. Would you like to see the hours of operation remain the same?

_____Yes _____No _____Uncertain

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43. What do you feel the biggest concern of the Oswego Police Department should be? Please rank the following responses in ascending order of importance with one being your biggest concern, two being your second biggest, etc. (1 if biggest concern, 5 or 6 as least concerned).

_____Traffic Concerns _____Crimes Against Person _____Gangs _____Drugs _____Crimes Against Property _____Other (please specify)__________________________________ VI. Background Information Instructions: Please complete the following background information (this is used statistical purposes and will not be used to identify individual responses).

Your Age: ______ (in Years) Place an “X” in the appropriate space: Your Gender: Your Race: Your Current Marital Status: _____ Male _____ American Indian _____ Never Married _____ Female _____ Asian _____ Married _____ African American _____ Widowed _____ Hispanic _____ Divorced _____ Caucasian _____ Separated _____ Other Type of Residence _____Own Home _____Rent Home/Apartment You Currently _____Own Apartment _____Relative’s Home Reside At: _____Senior Citizen Housing _____Other Your _____Less than 8 years _____Some High School Highest _____High School Graduate _____Some College Education _____2 year College Degree _____4 Year College Degree Completed: _____Some Graduate Work _____Graduate or Professional Degree How long have you lived in the Village of Oswego?

_____Under 1 year _____Over 1 year to 3 years _____Over 3 years to 6 years _____Over 6 years to 10 years _____Over 10 years to 15 years _____Over 15 years to 20 years _____Over 20 years to 25 years _____Over 25 years to 30 years _____Over 30 years

Do you own your own business in the Village of Oswego? _____Yes _____No Where did you live before you moved to the Village of Oswego?

_____City of Aurora _____City of Naperville _____Kane County _____Will County _____DuPage County _____Cook County _____Other Communities in Illinois _____Out of State if so, list State_______________

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Approximate Annual Income for your Household:

_____Less than $7,500 _____$7,501 to $14,999 _____$15,000 to $24,999 _____$25,000 to $34,999 _____$35,000 to $49,999 _____$50,000 to $74,999 _____$75,000 to $99,999 _____$100,000 and over

Please provide any additional comments you would like to share with the Oswego Police Department: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Thank you again for your assistance in completing this questionnaire. Please promptly mail the completed questionnaire in the return, postage paid envelope provided.

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APPENDIX E Detailed Citizen Survey Results by Questionnaire Item

2) Q1 HAVE YOU EVER CONTACTED THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT FOR ASSISTANCE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 130 37.14 YES 220 62.86 (Mode of 1) Missing 1 TOTAL 350 100.00 3) Q1A IF YOU HAVE CONTACTED THE OSWEGO POLICE, WERE YOU SATISFIED WITH THE SERVICE PROVIDED? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 16 7.37 YES 201 92.63 (Mode of 1) Missing 134 TOTAL 217 100.00 4) Q2 HAVE YOU EVER CONTACTED AN OSWEGO POLICE OFFICER ON THE STREET FOR ASSITANCE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 313 89.38 (Mode of 0) YES 36 10.32 Missing 2 TOTAL 349 100.00 5) Q2A IF YOU HAVE CONTACTED AN OSWEGO POLICE OFFICER, WERE YOU SATISFIED WITH THE SERVICE PROVIDED? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 11 30.56 YES 25 69.44 (Mode of 1) Missing 315 TOTAL 36 100.00

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6) Q3 HAVE YOU EVERN BEEN ARRESTED BY THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 348 99.15 (Mode of 0) YES 3 0.85 TOTAL 351 100.00 7) Q4 HAVE YOU EVER BEEN ISSUED A TRAFFIC TICKET BY THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 271 77.65 (Mode of 0) YES 78 22.35 Missing 2 TOTAL 349 100.00 8) Q5 HAVE YOU EVER BEEN ISSUED AN ORDINANCE VIOLATION TICKET BY A COMMUNITY SERVICE OFFICER? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 325 92.59 (Mode of 0) YES 26 7.41 TOTAL 351 100.00 9) Q6 DO YOU KNOW ANY OSWEGO POLICE OFFICERS PERSONALLY? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 270 77.14 (Mode of 0) YES 80 22.86 Missing 1 TOTAL 350 100.00 10) Q7 HAVE YOU BEEN THE VICTIM OF A CRIME IN OSWEGO DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 310 88.32 (Mode of 0) YES 41 11.68 TOTAL 351 100.00

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11) Q7A IF A CRIME VICTIME IN PAST FIVE YEARS, HOW MANY TIMES A VICTIM? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 30 Mean: 0.164 Median: 0.067 Stan.Dev: 0.525 TOTAL % TOTAL % Val= 0 307 88.22 --- ----- Val= 1 30 8.62 30 77.17 Val= 2 8 2.30 8 19.51 Val= 3 2 0.57 2 4.88 Val= 5 1 0.29 1 2.44 Missing 3 3 TOTAL 348 100.00 41 100.00 12) Q7B1 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WHAT TYPE OF CRIME WAS INVOLVED - 1ST INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 3 TOTAL % PROPERTY 31 75.61 (Mode of 1) PERSON 6 14.63 BOTH 4 9.76 Missing 310 TOTAL 41 100.00 13) Q7B2 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WHAT TYPE OF CRIME WAS INVOLVED - 2ND INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 3 TOTAL % PROPERTY 9 81.82 (Mode of 1) PERSON 2 18.18 BOTH 0 0.00 Missing 340 TOTAL 11 100.00 14) Q7B3 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WHAT TYPE OF CRIME WAS INVOLVED - 3RD INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 3 TOTAL % PROPERTY 2 66.67 (Mode of 0) PERSON 0 0.00 BOTH 1 33.33 Missing 348 TOTAL 3 100.00

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15) Q7C1 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WHAT WAS THE FINAL OUTCOME OF THE INCIDENT TO THE BEST OF YOUR KNOWLEDGE - 1ST INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 4 TOTAL % CAUGHT-NCV 3 7.50 CAUGHT-COV 3 7.50 NTCHT-UNCR 27 67.50 (Mode of 3) CHT-UNCERT 7 17.50 Missing 311 TOTAL 40 100.00 16) Q7C2 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WHAT WAS THE FINAL OUTCOME OF THE INCIDENT TO THE BEST OF YOUR KNOWLEDGE - 2ND INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 4 TOTAL % CAUGHT-NCV 1 9.09 CAUGHT-CVT 1 9.09 NTCHT-UNCR 9 81.82 (Mode of 3) CHT-UNCERT 0 0.00 Missing 340 TOTAL 11 100.00 17) Q7C3 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WAHT WAS THE FINAL OUTCOME OF THE INCIDENT TO THE BEST OF YOUR KNOWLEDGE - 3RD INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 4 TOTAL % CAUGHT-NCV 0 0.00 CAUTHT-CVT 0 0.00 NTCHT-UNCT 2 66.67 (Mode of 3) CHT-UNCERT 1 33.33 Missing 348 TOTAL 3 100.00 18) Q7D IF A CRIME VICTIM, DID ANY OF THE CRIMES AGAINST YOU OCCUR IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 29 80.56 (Mode of 0) YES 7 19.44 Missing 315 TOTAL 36 100.00

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19) Q8 DO YOU PERSONNALLY KNOW ANYONE WHO HAS BEEN THE VICTIM OF A CRIME COMMITTED IN OSWEGO? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 248 73.37 (Mode of 0) YES 90 26.63 Missing 13 TOTAL 338 100.00 20) Q9A HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WALKING ALONE DURING THE DAY - IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 248 72.09 (Mode of 1 and SAFE 81 23.55 Median of 1.194) MIXED VIEW 11 3.20 UNSAFE 0 0.00 VRY UNSAFE 4 1.16 UNCERTAIN 0 0.00 Missing 7 TOTAL 344 100.00 21) Q9B HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WALKING ALONE DURING THE DAY - IN THE PARK CLOSE TO YOU? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 199 57.85 (Mode of 1 and SAFE 107 31.10 Median of 1.364) MIXED VIEW 27 7.85 UNSAFE 2 0.58 VRY UNSAFE 4 1.16 UNCERTAIN 5 1.45 Missing 7 TOTAL 344 100.00

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22) Q9C HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WALKING ALONE DURING THE DAY - IN SHOPPING AREAS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 194 56.23 (Mode of 1 and SAFE 109 31.59 Median of 1.389) MIXED VIEW 32 9.28 UNSAFE 3 0.87 VRY UNSAFE 5 1.45 UNCERTAIN 2 0.58 Missing 6 TOTAL 345 100.00 23) Q10A HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WALKING ALONE AT NIGHT - IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 118 34.40 (Mode of 1 and SAFE 140 40.82 Median of 1.882) MIXED VIEW 52 15.16 UNSAFE 16 4.66 VRY UNSAFE 6 1.75 UNCERTAIN 11 3.21 Missing 8 TOTAL 343 100.00 24) Q10B HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WALKING ALONE AT NIGHT - IN THE PARK CLOSE TO YOU? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 66 19.30 (Mode of 2 and SAFE 107 31.29 Median of 2.481) MIXED VIEW 85 24.85 UNSAFE 48 14.04 VRY UNSAFE 11 3.22 UNCERTAIN 25 7.31 Missing 9 TOTAL 342 100.00

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25) Q10C HOW DO YOU FEEL WALKING ALONG AT NIGHT - IN SHOPPING AREAS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 87 25.36 (Mode of 2 and SAFE 133 38.78 Median of 2.135) MIXED VIEW 80 23.32 UNSAFE 22 6.41 VRY UNSAFE 8 2.33 UNCERTAIN 13 3.79 Missing 8 TOTAL 343 100.00 26) Q11 DO YOU FEEL SAFE WHEN YOU ARE AT HOME ALONE AT NIGHT? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 15 4.46 YES 303 90.18 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 18 5.36 Missing 15 TOTAL 336 100.00 27) Q12 IN YOU OPINION, DOE THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SATISFACTORY JOB OF PATROLLING THE VILLAGE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 10 2.87 YES 287 82.23 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 52 14.90 Missing 2 TOTAL 349 100.00 28) Q13 IF YOU OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SATISFACTORY JOB INVESTIGATING CRIMES? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 8 2.31 YES 144 41.50 UNCERTAIN 195 56.20 (Mode of 2) Missing 4 TOTAL 347 100.00

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29) Q14 IN YOUR OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SATISFACTORY JOB OF TRAFFIC CONTROL? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 31 8.96 YES 274 79.19 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 41 11.85 Missing 5 TOTAL 346 100.00 30) Q15 IN YOUR OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SITISFACTORY JOB OF HANDLING JUVENILE PROBLEMS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 25 7.20 YES 114 32.85 UNCERTAIN 208 59.94 (Mode of 2) Missing 4 TOTAL 347 100.00 31) Q16 IN YOUR OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SATISFACTORY JOB OF HANDLING THE DRUG PROBLEM IN OSWEGO? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 26 7.49 YES 81 23.34 UNCERTAIN 240 69.16 (Mode of 2) Missing 4 TOTAL 347 100.00 32) Q17 IN YOUR OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SATISFACTORY JOB OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 14 4.01 YES 224 64.18 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 111 31.81 Missing 2 TOTAL 349 100.00

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33) Q18 IN YOUR OPINION, DO THE OSWEGO POLICE TREAT PEOPLE FAIRLY REGARDLESS OF RACE, CREED OR COLOR? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 13 3.72 YES 182 52.15 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 154 44.13 Missing 2 TOTAL 349 100.00 34) Q19 IN YOUR OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT HAVE ENOUGH POLICE OFFICERS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 42 12.07 YES 121 34.77 UNCERTAIN 185 53.16 (Mode of 2) Missing 3 TOTAL 348 100.00 35) Q20 IN YOUR OPINION, ARE OSWEGO POLICE OFFICERS HONEST? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 8 2.29 YES 206 58.86 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 136 38.86 Missing 1 TOTAL 350 100.00 36) Q21 IN YOUR OPINION, ARE OSWEGO POLICE OFFICERS COMPETENT? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 5 1.43 YES 243 69.63 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 101 28.94 Missing 2 TOTAL 349 100.00

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37) Q22 ARE YOU AWARE THAT THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT HAS ACHIEVED NATIONAL ACCREDITATION THROUGH CALEA? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 223 63.71 (Mode of 0) YES 103 29.43 UNCERTAIN 24 6.86 Missing 1 TOTAL 350 100.00 38) Q23 IN YOUR OPINION, SHOULD THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SCHOOL LIAISON OFFICER PROGRAM BE CONTINUED IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 9 2.59 YES 276 79.31 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 63 18.10 Missing 3 TOTAL 348 100.00 39) Q24 IN YOUR OPINION, SHOULD THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT CONTINUE TO PROVIDE THE PROGRAM OF CHECKING THE HOMES OF INDIVIDUALS ON VACATION? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 20 5.73 YES 300 85.96 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 29 8.31 Missing 2 TOTAL 349 100.00 40) Q25 HAVE YOU RECEIVED A CRIME PREVENTION NOTICE AT YOUR HOME, BUSINESS OR ON YOUR VEHICLE IN THE LAST YEAR? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 256 73.35 (Mode of 0) YES 52 14.90 UNCERTAIN 41 11.75 Missing 2 TOTAL 349 100.00

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41) Q26 PLEASE LIST ANY OTHER PROGRAMS (OTHER THAN THOSE MENTIONED IN THIS QUESTIONNAIRE) OFFERED BY THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT THAT YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH: Minimum: 0 Maximum: 25 TOTAL % NON LISTED 313 89.17 (Mode of 0) CITIZEN ACADEMY-DARE 11 3.13 AUXILIARY-CMT VISITS 1 0.28 CAR SEAT SAFETY PROG 3 0.85 STOP SIGN ENFORCEMT 1 0.28 CHILD CRIMEPRV CLASS 1 0.28 POLICE-HOMEOWNERS 1 0.28 EXPLORER PROGRAM 1 0.28 WOMENS SELF DEFENSE 1 0.28 PATROL SUBDIVISIONS 1 0.28 INTERNET SAFETY 1 0.28 ACADEMY-NIGHTOUT ETC 1 0.28 SPOLYPICS-LIASONS 2 0.57 CITIZEN WATCH AT SCH 2 0.57 EMAIL ALERTS-SEX OFN 1 0.28 CITZ ACADEMY ALUMNI 1 0.28 YOUTH CADET PROGRAM 3 0.85 AWARE COMMUNITY RELS 1 0.28 BIKE PATROL-PARKS 1 0.28 OPERATION IMPACT 1 0.28 SENIOR CITIZEN ALERT 1 0.28 HOME OWNER ASSOCIATN 2 0.57 TOTAL 351 100.00 42) Q27 CURRENTLY OSWEGO POLICE OFFICERS ARE REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN A MANDATORY LEVEL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS BASED ON THEIR AGE AND GENDER. DO YOU FEEL THAT THIS PRACTICE SHOULD CONTINUE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 1 0.28 YES 344 98.01 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 6 1.71 TOTAL 351 100.00

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43) Q28 CURRENTLY, OSWERGO POLICE DEPARTMENT REQUIRES AN OFFICER TO POSSES A 2 YEAR COLLEGE DEGREE (ASSOCIATES DEGREE) PRIOR TO BEING EMPLOYED AS AN OFFICER. DO YOU FEEL THIS PRACTICE SHOULD CONTINUE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 17 4.86 YES 315 90.00 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 18 5.14 Missing 1 TOTAL 350 100.00 44) Q29 IN YOUR OPINION, SHOULD THE VILLAGE OF OSWEGO PAY TUITION FEES FOR THE OSWEGO POLICE OFFICERS WHO VOLUNTARILY TAKE COLLEGE COURSES IN POLICE RELATED FIELDS OF STUDY TO FURTHER THEIR PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 73 20.86 YES 246 70.29 (Mode of 1) UNCERAIN 31 8.86 Missing 1 TOTAL 350 100.00 45) Q30 IN YOUR OPINION, SHOULD THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT USE UNMARKED CARS IN ADDITION TO MARKED PATROL VEHICLES FOR ENFORCEMENT OF TRAFFIC LAWS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 84 23.93 YES 240 68.38 UNCERTAIN 27 7.69 TOTAL 351 100.00 46) Q31 HAVE YOU SEEN AN INCREASE IN TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT IN THE PAST YEAR? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 122 34.76 YES 149 42.45 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 80 22.79 TOTAL 351 100.00

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47) Q32 HAVE YOU SEEN AN INCREASE IN BICYCLE PATROLS IN THE PAST YEAR? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 220 62.68 (Mode of 0) YES 51 14.53 UNCERTAIN 80 22.79 TOTAL 351 100.00 48) Q33 IN YOUR OPINION, SHOULD THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT CONTINUE TO PROVIDE BICYCLE PATROL? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 18 5.23 YES 239 69.48 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 87 25.29 Missing 7 TOTAL 344 100.00 49) Q34 ARE YOU AWARE THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT HAS A WEB SITE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 92 26.74 YES 252 73.26 (Mode of 1) Missing 7 TOTAL 344 100.00 50) Q34A IF YOU ARE AWARE OF WEB SITE, HAVE YOU VISITED THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENTWEB SITE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 125 50.20 (Mode of 0) YES 124 49.80 Missing 102 TOTAL 249 100.00

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51) Q34B IF AWARE OF WEB SITE, HAVE YOU SEEN THE SEX OFFENDER MAP ON THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT WEB SITE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 136 60.71 (Mode of 0) YES 88 39.29 Missing 127 TOTAL 224 100.00 52) Q35 CURRENTLY, THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT CONDUCTS SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION CHECKS ONCE A MONTH. SHOULD THIS PRACTICE CONTINUE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 5 1.46 YES 325 94.75 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 13 3.79 Missing 8 TOTAL 343 100.00 53) Q36 ARE YOU IN FAVOR OF MAKING THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT RESPONSIBLE FOR NOTIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD RESIDENTS OF A CONVICTED SEX OFFENDER MOVING IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 22 6.45 YES 287 84.16 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 32 9.38 Missing 10 TOTAL 341 100.00

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54) Q37 PLEASE LIST ANY SUGGESTIONS OR RECOMMENDATIONS THAT YOU FEEL MAY HELP TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF SERVICES OFFERED BY THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 25 TOTAL % NO SUGGEST 302 87.28 (Mode of 0) BICYCLE HELMET RECOG 1 0.29 REQUIRE 4 YR DEGREE 1 0.29 MORE BICYLE PATROLS 4 1.16 SHOW PROFESSIONALISM 2 0.58 BETTER COMPLAINT PRC 1 0.29 GIVE NOTICE OF FIRES 1 0.29 WIDECIR SEX OFND MAP 1 0.29 IND.RESPONS-NOT P.D. 1 0.29 ENF RED LGT-SPEEDING 5 1.45 REDUCE TRAFFIC ENFRC 1 0.29 SLFDEFENSE JUV.GIRLS 1 0.29 DIVERSITY-SELF ASSMT 1 0.29 OFTEN NO FEEDBACK 2 0.58 SEX OFFND NOTIFICATN 2 0.58 FOCUS PUBLIC SAFETY 1 0.29 PANIC BUTTONS-LIGHTS 1 0.29 NO FOLLOWUP ON STATM 1 0.29 PEDESTRIAN CROSS PRB 1 0.29 TICKET ILLGL PARKING 1 0.29 TEEN DRUG-DRINKING P 1 0.29 DOWNTOWN FOOT PATROL 1 0.29 USE COUNTY SHERIFF 1 0.29 CONSIDER SENIORS 2 0.58 HIRE FEML-MINORITIES 1 0.29 OTHER ISSUES 9 2.60 Missing 5 TOTAL 346 100.00 55) Q38 THREE AND SIX YEARS AGO A RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE SIMILAR TO THIS ONE WAS MAILED OUT TO A RANDOM SAMPLING OF VILLAGE RESIDENTS. DID YOU PARTICIPATE IN THIS QUESTIONNAIRE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 269 78.43 (Mode of 0) YES 20 5.83 UNCERTAIN 54 15.74 Missing 8 TOTAL 343 100.00

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56) Q39 ARE YOU AWARE THAT THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT CURRENTLY UTILIZES COMMUNITY SERVICE OFFICERS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 76 22.03 YES 251 72.75 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 18 5.22 Missing 6 TOTAL 345 100.00 57) Q40 HAVE YOU HAD CONTACT WITH THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT COMMUNITY SERVICE OFFICER IN THE PAST YEAR? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 279 80.87 (Mode of 0) YES 51 14.78 UNCERTAIN 15 4.35 Missing 6 TOTAL 345 100.00 58) Q40A IF YOU HAD CONTACT WITH COMMUNITY SERVICE OFFICERS, WERE THEY A HELPFUL RESOURCE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 7 13.73 YES 44 86.27 (Mode of 1) Missing 300 TOTAL 51 100.00 59) Q41 ARE YOU AWARE THAT THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT ORGANIZES AND PARTICIPATES IN HOME OWNER ASSOCIATION PROGRAMS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 214 62.03 (Mode of 0) YES 114 33.04 UNCERTAIN 17 4.93 Missing 6 TOTAL 345 100.00

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60) Q41A WOULD YOU BE WILLING TO PARTICPATE IN A HOME OWNER ASSOCIATION PROGRAM? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 80 29.74 YES 93 34.57 UNCERTAIN 96 35.69 (Mode of 2) Missing 82 TOTAL 269 100.00 61) Q42 CURRENTLY, THE HOURS OF OPERATION FOR THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT FRONT DESK ARE 24 HOURS & SEVEN DAYS A WEEK. WOULD YOU LIKE TO SEE THE HOURS OF OPERATION REMAIN THE SAME? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 12 3.48 YES 303 87.83 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 30 8.70 Missing 6 TOTAL 345 100.00 62) Q43A WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - TRAFFIC CONCERNS: Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 21 6.44 BIG 17 5.21 MODERATE 31 9.51 LT.MODER 53 16.26 SMALL 199 61.04 (Mode of 5 and SMALLEST 5 1.53 Median of 4.706) Missing 25 TOTAL 326 100.00

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63) Q43B WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 168 50.76 (Mode of 1 and BIG 39 11.78 Median of 1.485) MODERATE 94 28.40 LT.MODER 25 7.55 SMALL 5 1.51 SMALLEST 0 0.00 Missing 20 TOTAL 331 100.00 64) Q43C WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - GANGS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 79 24.01 BIG 115 34.95 (Mode of 2 and MODERATE 59 17.93 Median of 2.243) LT.MODER 39 11.85 SMALL 35 10.64 SMALLEST 2 0.61 Missing 22 TOTAL 329 100.00 65) Q43D WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - DRUGS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 93 27.84 (Mode of 1 and BIG 74 22.16 Median of 2.000) MODERATE 70 20.96 LT.MODER 71 21.26 SMALL 25 7.49 SMALLEST 1 0.30 Missing 17 TOTAL 334 100.00

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66) Q43E WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 32 9.85 BIG 82 25.23 MODERATE 57 17.54 LT.MODER 115 35.38 (Mode of 4 and SMALL 38 11.69 Median of 3.351) SMALLEST 1 0.31 Missing 26 TOTAL 325 100.00 67) Q43F WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - OTHER CONCERN? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 5 12.20 BIG 2 4.88 MODERATE 0 0.00 LT.MODER 1 2.44 SMALL 3 7.32 SMALLEST 30 73.17 (Mode of 6 and Median of 5.817) Missing 310 TOTAL 41 100.00 68) B1 AGE OF OSWEGO RESPONDENT Minimum: 18 Maximum: 110 Mean: 51.087 Median: 49.000 Stan.Dev: 15.024 TOTAL % Val= 24 1 0.30 Val= 25 1 0.30 Val= 26 3 0.90 Val= 27 3 0.90 Val= 28 5 1.51 Val= 29 3 0.90 Val= 30 7 2.11 Val= 31 3 0.90 Val= 32 6 1.81 Val= 33 5 1.51 Val= 34 9 2.71 Val= 35 7 2.11 Val= 36 8 2.41 Val= 37 5 1.51 Val= 38 8 2.41 Val= 39 5 1.51

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68) B1 AGE OF OSWEGO RESPONDENT - CONTINUED TOTAL % Val= 40 12 3.61 (Quad-Modal of Val= 41 10 3.01 Ages 40, 42, 50 Val= 42 12 3.61 65 Years of Age Val= 43 10 3.01 Val= 44 7 2.11 Val= 45 10 3.01 Val= 46 6 1.81 Val= 47 6 1.81 Val= 48 4 1.20 Val= 49 10 3.01 Val= 50 12 3.61 Val= 51 5 1.51 Val= 52 5 1.51 Val= 53 7 2.11 Val= 54 8 2.41 Val= 55 10 3.01 Val= 56 2 0.60 Val= 57 7 2.11 Val= 58 6 1.81 Val= 59 4 1.20 Val= 60 9 2.71 Val= 61 7 2.11 Val= 62 9 2.71 Val= 63 5 1.51 Val= 64 6 1.81 Val= 65 12 3.61 Val= 66 3 0.90 Val= 67 4 1.20 Val= 68 3 0.90 Val= 69 1 0.30 Val= 70 3 0.90 Val= 71 2 0.60 Val= 72 3 0.90 Val= 73 2 0.60 Val= 74 6 1.81 Val= 75 3 0.90 Val= 76 3 0.90 Val= 77 2 0.60 Val= 78 1 0.30 Val= 80 2 0.60 Val= 81 1 0.30 Val= 82 1 0.30 Val= 83 1 0.30 Val= 84 1 0.30 Val= 85 2 0.60 Val= 86 1 0.30 Val= 87 1 0.30 Val= 88 1 0.30 Val= 89 2 0.60 Val= 90 2 0.60 Val= 93 1 0.30 Missing 19 TOTAL 332 100.00

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69) B2 GENDER OF OSWEGO RESPONDENT Minimum: 1 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % MALE 165 48.10 FEMALE 178 51.90 (Mode of 2) Missing 8 TOTAL 343 100.00 70) B3 RACE OF OSWEGO RESPONDENT Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % CAUCASIAN 311 91.74 (Mode of 1) HISPANIC 13 3.83 AFRICAN AM 7 2.06 ASIAN 6 1.77 AM.INDIAN 1 0.29 OTHER 1 0.29 Missing 12 TOTAL 339 100.00 71) B4 MARITAL STATUS OF OSWEGO RESPONDENT Minimum: 1 Maximum: 5 TOTAL % NEVER MAR. 18 5.39 MARRIED 249 74.55 (Mode of 2) WIDOWED 22 6.59 DIVORCED 43 12.87 SEPARATED 2 0.60 Missing 17 TOTAL 334 100.00

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72) B5 TYPE OF RESIDENCE OF OSWEGO RESPONDENT Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % OWN HOME 327 94.78 (Mode of 1) OWN APART. 2 0.58 SENIOR HSG 1 0.29 RENT H/A 13 3.77 RELATIVE 1 0.29 OTHER 1 0.29 Missing 6 TOTAL 345 100.00 73) B6 EDUCATION LEVEL OF OSWEGO RESPONDENT Minimum: 1 Maximum: 8 TOTAL % LT 8 YEARS 0 0.00 SOME H.S. 4 1.17 HIGH SCH. 44 12.87 SOME COLG. 68 19.88 2YR DEGREE 39 11.40 4YR DEGREE 101 29.53 (Mode of 6 and SOME GRAD. 10 2.92 Median of 5.638) GRAD.DEGR. 76 22.22 Missing 9 TOTAL 342 100.00 74) B7 HOW LONG HAVE YOU LIVED IN VILLAGE OF OSWEGO? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 9 TOTAL % LT 1 YEAR 12 3.48 BT 1-3 YR 22 6.38 BT 3-6 YR 68 19.71 BT 6-10 YR 82 23.77 BT 10-15YR 85 24.64 (Mode of 5 and BT 15-20YR 42 12.17 Median of 4.360) BT 20-25YR 7 2.03 BT 25-30YR 11 3.19 OVER 30 YR 16 4.64 Missing 6 TOTAL 345 100.00

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75) B8 DO YOU OWN YOUR OWN BUSINESS IN THE VILLAGE OF OSWEGO? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 322 94.71 (Mode of 0) YES 18 5.29 Missing 11 TOTAL 340 100.00 76) B9 WHERE DID YOU LIVE BEFORE YOU MOVED TO THE VILLAGE OF OSWEGO? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 8 TOTAL % NOT MOVED 1 0.29 AURORA 53 15.59 NAPERVILLE 45 13.24 KANE CO. 21 6.18 WILL CO. 23 6.76 DUPAGE CO. 63 18.53 (Mode of 5) COOK CO. 42 12.35 OTHER IL. 49 14.41 OUTSIDE IL 43 12.65 Missing 11 TOTAL 340 100.00 76) B9 – CAME FROM OUT OF ILLINOIS (SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION) TOTAL % ALABAMA 1 2.33 ARIZONIA 3 6.98 CALIFORNIA 4 9.30 (Mode of States CONNECTICUT 1 2.33 Quad-Modal with FLORIDA 3 6.98 California, GEORGIA 2 4.65 Michigan, Nebraska INDIANA 1 2.33 and Wisconsin with KENTUCKY 1 2.33 4 Respondents) MICHIGAN 4 9.30 NEBRASKA 4 9.30 NEW JERSEY 1 2.33 OHIO 3 6.98 PENNSYLVANIA 1 2.33 RHODE ISLAND 1 2.33 TENNESSEE 1 2.33 TEXAS 1 2.33 WASHINGTON 1 2.33 WISCONSIN 4 9.30 UTAH 2 4.65 UNSPECIFIED 2 4.65 OUT OF COUNTRY 2 4.65 TOTAL 43 100.00

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77) B10 APPROXIMATE ANNUAL INCOME FOR YOUR HOUSEHOLD: Minimum: 1 Maximum: 8 TOTAL % LT 7500 1 0.32 7500-15K 0 0.00 15K-25K 10 3.24 25K-35K 11 3.56 35K-50K 30 9.71 50K-75k 55 17.80 75K-100K 73 23.62 OVER 100K 129 41.75 (Mode of 8 and Median of 7.151) Missing 42 TOTAL 309 100.00 78) COMMENT PLEASE PROVIDE ANY ADDITIONAL COMMENTS (0=NO COMMENTS, 1=GENERALLY NEGATIVE COMMENTS, 3=MIXED NEG & POSITIVE, AND 4=POSITIVE COMMENTS). Minimum: 0 Maximum: 3 TOTAL % NO COMMENT 230 65.53 (Mode of 0 and NEGATIVE 25 7.12 Median of 0.263) MIXED 56 15.95 POSITIVE 40 11.40 TOTAL 351 100.00

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APPENDIX F Detailed Business Survey Results by Questionnaire Item

2) Q1 AS A BUSINESS, HAVE YOU EVER CONTACTED THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT FOR ASSISTANCE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 23 43.40 YES 30 56.60 (Mode of 1) TOTAL 53 100.00 3) Q1A IF YOU HAVE CONTACTED THE OSWEGO POLICE, WERE YOU SATISFIED WITH THE SERVICE PROVIDED? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 1 3.45 YES 28 96.55 (Mode of 1) Missing 24 TOTAL 29 100.00 4) Q2 AS A BUSINESS, HAVE YOU EVER CONTACTED THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT'S CRIME PREVENTION UNIT FOR ASSISTANCE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 42 79.25 (Mode of 0) YES 11 20.75 TOTAL 53 100.00 5) Q2A IF YOU HAVE CONTACTED AN OSWEGO POLICE CRIME PREVENTION UNIT, WERE YOU SATISFIED WITH THE RESULTS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 3 25.00 YES 9 75.00 (Mode of 1) Missing 41 TOTAL 12 100.00

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6) Q3 HAVE YOU EVER BEEN ISSUED AN ORDINANCE VIOLATION TICKET BY MEMBER OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 47 88.68 (Mode of 1) YES 6 11.32 TOTAL 53 100.00 7) Q4 DO YOU KNOW ANY OSWEGO POLICE OFFICERS PERSONALLY? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 25 49.02 YES 26 50.98 (Mode of 1) Missing 2 TOTAL 51 100.00 8) Q5 AS A BUSINESS PERSON, HAVE YOU OR YOUR BUSINESS BEEN THE VICTIM OF A CRIME IN OSWEGO DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 40 75.47 (Mode of 1) YES 13 24.53 TOTAL 53 100.00 9) Q5A IF YOU OR YOUR BUSINESS WERE A CRIME VICTIME IN PAST FIVE YEARS, HOW MANY TIMES WERE YOU A VICTIM? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 30 Mean: 0.415 Median: 0.163 Stan.Dev: 0.949 TOTAL % TOTAL % Val= 0 40 75.47 ----- ----- Val= 1 9 16.98 9 69.23 Val= 2 1 1.89 1 7.69 Val= 3 2 3.77 2 15.38 Val= 5 1 1.89 1 7.69 TOTAL 53 100.00 13 100.00

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10) Q5B1 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WHAT TYPE OF CRIME WAS INVOLVED - 1ST INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 3 TOTAL % PROPERTY 12 92.31 (Mode of 1) PERSON 1 7.69 BOTH 0 0.00 Missing 40 TOTAL 13 100.00 11) Q5B2 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WHAT TYPE OF CRIME WAS INVOLVED - 2ND INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 3 TOTAL % PROPERTY 3 75.00 (Mode of 0) PERSON 1 25.00 BOTH 0 0.00 Missing 49 TOTAL 4 100.00 12) Q5B3 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WHAT TYPE OF CRIME WAS INVOLVED - 3RD INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 3 TOTAL % PROPERTY 2 66.67 (Mode of 0) PERSON 1 33.33 BOTH 0 0.00 Missing 50 TOTAL 3 100.00 13) Q5C1 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WHAT WAS THE FINAL OUTCOME OF THE INCIDENT TO THE BEST OF YOUR KNOWLEDGE - 1ST INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 4 TOTAL % CAUGHT-NCV 1 7.69 CAUGHT-COV 4 30.77 NTCHT-UNCR 7 53.85 (Mode of 3) CHT-UNCERT 1 7.69 Missing 40 TOTAL 13 100.00

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14) Q5C2 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WHAT WAS THE FINAL OUTCOME OF THE INCIDENT TO THE BEST OF YOUR KNOWLEDGE - 2ND INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 4 TOTAL % CAUGHT-NCV 0 0.00 CAUGHT-CVT 0 0.00 NTCHT-UNCR 4 100.00 (Mode of 3) CHT-UNCERT 0 0.00 Missing 49 TOTAL 4 100.00 15) Q5C3 IF A CRIME VICTIM, WAHT WAS THE FINAL OUTCOME OF THE INCIDENT TO THE BEST OF YOUR KNOWLEDGE - 3RD INCIDENT? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 4 TOTAL % CAUGHT-NCV 0 0.00 CAUTHT-CVT 0 0.00 NTCHT-UNCT 3 100.00 (Mode of 3) CHT-UNCERT 0 0.00 Missing 50 TOTAL 3 100.00 16) Q5D AS A BUSINESS PERSON, IF YOU OR YOUR BUSINESS A VICTIM OF A CRIME, DID ANY OF THE CRIMES AGAINST YOUR BUSINESS OCCUR IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 8 66.67 (Mode of 0) YES 4 33.33 Missing 41 TOTAL 12 100.00 17) Q6 DO YOU PERSONNALLY KNOW ANY OTHER BUSINESS OWNERS WHO HAS BEEN THE VICTIM OF A CRIME COMMITTED IN OSWEGO? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 41 78.85 (Mode of 0) YES 11 21.15 Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00

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18) Q7A HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WORKING OR COMMUTING IN OSWEGO DURING THE DAYTIME - IN YOUR BUSINESS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 35 66.04 (Mode of 1 and SAFE 15 28.30 Median of 1.257) MIXED VIEW 3 5.66 UNSAFE 0 0.00 VRY UNSAFE 0 0.00 UNCERTAIN 0 0.00 TOTAL 53 100.00 19) Q7B HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WORKING OR COMMUTING IN OSWEGO DURING THE DAY - NEAR YOUR BUSINESS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 32 60.38 (Mode of 1 and SAFE 17 32.08 Median of 1.328) MIXED VIEW 4 7.55 UNSAFE 0 0.00 VRY UNSAFE 0 0.00 UNCERTAIN 0 0.00 TOTAL 53 100.00 20) Q7C HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WORKING OR COMMUTING IN OSWEGO DURING THE DAY - IN OTHER AREAS OF OSWEGO? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 28 52.83 (Mode of 1 and SAFE 20 37.74 Median of 1.446) MIXED VIEW 5 9.43 UNSAFE 0 0.00 VRY UNSAFE 0 0.00 UNCERTAIN 0 0.00 TOTAL 53 100.00

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21) Q8A HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WORKING OR COMMUTING IN OSWEGO AT NIGHT - IN YOUR BUSINESS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 29 54.72 (Mode of 1 and SAFE 17 32.08 Median of 1.414) MIXED VIEW 6 11.32 UNSAFE 1 1.89 VRY UNSAFE 0 0.00 UNCERTAIN 0 0.00 TOTAL 53 100.00 22) Q8B HOW SAFE DO YOU FEEL WORKING OR COMMUTING IN OSWEGO AT NIGHT - NEAR YOUR BUSINESS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 27 50.94 (Mode of 1 and SAFE 17 32.08 Median of 1.481) MIXED 7 13.21 UNSAFE 2 3.77 VRY UNSAFE 0 0.00 UNCERTAIN 0 0.00 TOTAL 53 100.00 23) Q8C HOW DO YOU FEEL WORKING OR COMMUTING IN OSWEGO AT NIGHT - IN OTHER AREAS OF OSWEGO? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % VERY SAFE 24 45.28 (Mode of 1 and SAFE 19 35.85 Median of 1.632) MIXED VIEW 9 16.98 UNSAFE 1 1.89 VRY UNSAFE 0 0.00 UNCERTAIN 0 0.00 TOTAL 53 100.00 24) Q9 IN YOU OPINION, DOE THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SATISFACTORY JOB OF PATROLLING THE VILLAGE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 0 0.00 YES 45 84.91 UNCERTAIN 8 15.09 (Mode of 2) TOTAL 53 100.00

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25) Q10 IF YOU OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SATISFACTORY JOB INVESTIGATING CRIMES? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 2 3.85 YES 26 50.00 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 24 46.15 Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00 26) Q11 IN YOUR OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SATISFACTORY JOB OF TRAFFIC CONTROL? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 0 0.00 YES 45 86.54 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 7 13.46 Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00 27) Q12 IN YOUR OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SITISFACTORY JOB OF HANDLING JUVENILE PROBLEMS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 3 5.66 YES 19 35.85 UNCERTAIN 31 58.49 (Mode of 2) TOTAL 53 100.00 28) Q13 IN YOUR OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SATISFACTORY JOB OF HANDLING THE DRUG PROBLEM IN OSWEGO? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 2 3.77 YES 14 26.42 UNCERTAIN 37 69.81 (Mode of 2) TOTAL 53 100.00

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29) Q14 IN YOUR OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DO A SATISFACTORY JOB OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 4 7.55 YES 39 73.58 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 10 18.87 TOTAL 53 100.00 30) Q15 IN YOUR OPINION, DO THE OSWEGO POLICE TREAT PEOPLE FAIRLY REGARDLESS OF RACE, CREED OR COLOR? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 3 5.77 YES 36 69.23 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 13 25.00 Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00 31) Q16 IN YOUR OPINION, DOES THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT HAVE ENOUGH POLICE OFFICERS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 3 5.66 YES 22 41.51 UNCERTAIN 28 52.83 (Mode of 2) TOTAL 53 100.00 32) Q17 IN YOUR OPINION, ARE OSWEGO POLICE OFFICERS HONEST? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 2 3.77 YES 38 71.70 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 13 24.53 TOTAL 53 100.00

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33) Q18 IN YOUR OPINION, ARE OSWEGO POLICE OFFICERS COMPETENT? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 0 0.00 YES 39 73.58 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 14 26.42 TOTAL 53 100.00 34) Q19 ARE YOU AWARE THAT THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT HAS ACHIEVED NATIONAL ACCREDITATION THROUGH CALEA? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 34 64.15 (Mode of 0) YES 16 30.19 UNCERTAIN 3 5.66 TOTAL 53 100.00 35) Q20 IN YOUR OPINION, SHOULD THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SCHOOL LIAISON OFFICER PROGRAM BE CONTINUED IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 0 0.00 YES 39 75.00 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 13 25.00 Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00 36) Q21 IN YOUR OPINION, SHOULD THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT CONTINUE TO PROVIDE THE PROGRAM OF CHECKING THE HOMES OF INDIVIDUALS ON VACATION? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 5 9.62 YES 41 78.85 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 6 11.54 Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00

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37) Q22 HAVE YOU RECEIVED A CRIME PREVENTION NOTICE AT YOUR HOME, BUSINESS OR ON YOUR VEHICLE IN THE LAST YEAR? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 30 56.60 (Mode of 0) YES 17 32.08 UNCERTAIN 6 11.32 TOTAL % TOTAL 53 100.00 38) Q22A PLEASE LIST ANY OTHER PROGRAMS (OTHER THAN THOSE MENTIONED IN THIS QUESTIONNAIRE) OFFERED BY THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT THAT YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH: Minimum: 0 Maximum: 25 TOTAL % NON LISTED 50 94.34 (Mode of 0) CITZ ACADEMY-DARE 2 3.77 ADULT-JUV ACADEMY 1 1.89 OTHER ISSUES 0 0.00 TOTAL 53 100.00 39) Q23 CURRENTLY OSWEGO POLICE OFFICERS ARE REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN A MANDATORY LEVEL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS BASED ON THEIR AGE AND GENDER. DO YOU FEEL THAT THIS PRACTICE SHOULD CONTINUE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 0 0.00 YES 51 96.23 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 2 3.77 TOTAL 53 100.00 40) Q24 CURRENTLY, OSWERGO POLICE DEPARTMENT REQUIRES AN OFFICER TO POSSES A 2 YEAR COLLEGE DEGREE (ASSOCIATES DEGREE) PRIOR TO BEING EMPLOYED AS AN OFFICER. DO YOU FEEL THIS PRACTICE SHOULD CONTINUE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 3 5.66 YES 44 83.02 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 6 11.32 TOTAL 53 100.00

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41) Q25 IN YOUR OPINION, SHOULD THE VILLAGE OF OSWEGO PAY TUITION FEES FOR THE OSWEGO POLICE OFFICERS WHO VOLUNTARILY TAKE COLLEGE COURSES IN POLICE RELATED FIELDS OF STUDY TO FURTHER THEIR PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 10 18.87 YES 35 66.04 (Mode of 1) UNCERAIN 8 15.09 TOTAL 53 100.00 42) Q26 IN YOUR OPINION, SHOULD THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT USE UNMARKED CARS IN ADDITION TO MARKED PATROL VEHICLES FOR ENFORCEMENT OF TRAFFIC LAWS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 13 24.53 YES 33 62.26 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 7 13.21 TOTAL 53 100.00 43) Q27 HAVE YOU SEEN AN INCREASE IN TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT IN THE PAST YEAR? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 20 37.74 (Bimodal YES 20 37.74 of 0 & 1) UNCERTAIN 13 24.53 TOTAL 53 100.00 44) Q28 HAVE YOU SEEN AN INCREASE IN BICYCLE PATROLS IN THE PAST YEAR? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 28 52.83 (Mode of 0) YES 8 15.09 UNCERTAIN 17 32.08 TOTAL 53 100.00

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45) Q29 IN YOUR OPINION, SHOULD THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT CONTINUE TO PROVIDE BICYCLE PATROL? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 5 9.43 YES 29 54.72 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 19 35.85 TOTAL 53 100.00 46) Q30 ARE YOU AWARE THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT HAS A WEB SITE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 11 20.75 YES 42 79.25 (Mode of 1) TOTAL 53 100.00 47) Q30A IF YOU ARE AWARE OF WEB SITE, HAS THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENTWEB SITE BEEN HELPFUL TO YOUR BUSINESS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 22 56.41 (Mode of 0) YES 17 43.59 Missing 14 TOTAL 39 100.00 48) Q31 ARE YOU ALSO AWARE OF THE VILLAGE OF OSWEGO WEB SITE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 20 38.46 YES 32 61.54 (Mode of 1) Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00

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49) Q31A IF AWARE OF WEB SITE, HAS THIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WEB SITE BEEN HELPFUL TO YOUR BUSINESS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 21 65.63 (Mode of 0) YES 11 34.38 Missing 21 TOTAL 32 100.00 50) Q32 CURRENTLY, THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT CONDUCTS SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION CHECKS ONCE A MONTH. SHOULD THIS PRACTICE CONTINUE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 1 1.89 YES 51 96.23 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 1 1.89 TOTAL 53 100.00 51) Q33 ARE YOU IN FAVOR OF MAKING THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT RESPONSIBLE FOR NOTIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD RESIDENTS OF A CONVICTED SEX OFFENDER MOVING IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 3 5.77 YES 46 88.46 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 3 5.77 Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00 52) Q34 PLEASE LIST ANY SUGGESTIONS OR RECOMMENDATIONS THAT YOU FEEL MAY HELP TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF SERVICES OFFERED BY THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 25 TOTAL % NO SUGGEST 48 90.57 (Mode of 0) PTL CHILD CTRS-PARKS 1 1.89 CHECK DOORS AT NIGHT 1 1.89 SAT-INCREASE SERVICE 1 1.89 STP FALSE ALARM FEES 1 1.89 MORE VISIBLE PATROLS 1 1.89 OTHER ISSUES 0 0.00 TOTAL 53 100.00

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53) Q35 THREE AND SIX YEARS AGO A RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE SIMILAR TO THIS ONE WAS MAILED OUT TO A RANDOM SAMPLING OF VILLAGE RESIDENTS. DID YOU PARTICIPATE IN THIS QUESTIONNAIRE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 39 73.58 (Mode of 0) YES 4 7.55 UNCERTAIN 10 18.87 TOTAL 53 100.00 54) Q36 ARE YOU AWARE THAT THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT CURRENTLY UTILIZES COMMUNITY SERVICE OFFICERS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 11 20.75 YES 40 75.47 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 2 3.77 TOTAL 53 100.00 55) Q37 HAVE YOU HAD CONTACT WITH THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT COMMUNITY SERVICE OFFICER IN THE PAST YEAR? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 36 67.92 (Mode of 0) YES 14 26.42 UNCERTAIN 3 5.66 TOTAL 53 100.00 56) Q37A IF YOU HAD CONTACT WITH COMMUNITY SERVICE OFFICERS, WERE THEY A HELPFUL RESOURCE? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 4 26.67 YES 11 73.33 (Mode of 1) Missing 38 TOTAL 15 100.00

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57) Q38 CURRENTLY, THE HOURS OF OPERATION FOR THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT FRONT DESK ARE 24 HOURS & SEVEN DAYS A WEEK. WOULD YOU LIKE TO SEE THE HOURS OF OPERATION REMAIN THE SAME? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 TOTAL % NO 2 3.85 YES 40 76.92 (Mode of 1) UNCERTAIN 10 19.23 Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00 58) Q39 AS A BUSINESS PERSON, HAVE YOU INSTALLED A BURGLAR ALARM, EXTRA LOCKS, AUTOMATIC LIGHTING DEVICES, HIRED OUTSIDE SECURITY OR UNDERTAKEN OTHER MEASURES TO BETTER PROTECT YOURSELF AND YOUR PROPERTY IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 26 49.06 YES 27 50.94 (Mode of 1) TOTAL 53 100.00 59) Q40A WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - TRAFFIC CONCERNS: Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 2 4.26 BIG 0 0.00 MODERATE 5 10.64 LT.MODER 3 6.38 SMALL 36 76.60 (Mode of 5 and SMALLEST 1 2.13 Median of 4.875) Missing 6 TOTAL 47 100.00

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60) Q40B WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 26 54.17 (Mode of 1 and BIG 5 10.42 Median of 1.423) MODERATE 13 27.08 LT.MODER 2 4.17 SMALL 2 4.17 SMALLEST 0 0.00 Missing 5 TOTAL 48 100.00 61) Q40C WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - GANGS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 14 28.57 (Mode of 1 and BIG 11 22.45 Median of 2.455) MODERATE 9 18.37 LT.MODER 12 24.49 SMALL 3 6.12 SMALLEST 0 0.00 Missing 4 TOTAL 49 100.00 62) Q40D WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - DRUGS? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 14 28.57 (Bimodal of 1-2 and BIG 14 28.57 Median of 2.250) MODERATE 11 22.45 LT.MODER 7 14.29 SMALL 3 6.12 SMALLEST 0 0.00 Missing 4 TOTAL 49 100.00

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63) Q40E WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 5 9.80 BIG 16 31.37 MODERATE 9 17.65 LT.MODER 19 37.25 (Mode of 4 and SMALL 1 1.96 Median of 3.000) SMALLEST 1 1.96 Missing 2 TOTAL 51 100.00 64) Q40F WHAT DO YOU FEEL THE BIGGEST CONCERN OF THE OSWEGO POLICE DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE - RANKED FROM 1=BIGGEST TO 6=SMALLEST - OTHER CONCERN? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BIGGEST 0 0.00 BIG 0 0.00 MODERATE 0 0.00 LT.MODER 1 9.09 SMALL 1 9.09 SMALLEST 9 81.82 (Mode of 6 and Median of 5.889) Missing 42 TOTAL 11 100.00 65) B1 EDUCATION LEVEL OF OSWEGO RESPONDENT Minimum: 1 Maximum: 8 TOTAL % LT 8 YEARS 0 0.00 SOME H.S. 1 1.89 HIGH SCH. 7 13.21 SOME COLG. 9 16.98 2YR DEGREE 6 11.32 4YR DEGREE 16 30.19 (Mode of 6 and SOME GRAD. 1 1.89 Median of 5.719) GRAD.DEGR. 13 24.53 TOTAL 53 100.00

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66) B2 HOW LONG HAVE YOU LIVED IN VILLAGE OF OSWEGO? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 10 TOTAL % LT 1 YEAR 2 3.77 BT 1-3 YR 2 3.77 BT 3-6 YR 3 5.66 (For 30 Residents: BT 6-10 YR 7 13.21 Mode of 4 and BT 10-15YR 5 9.43 Median of 4.700) BT 15-20YR 1 1.89 BT 20-25YR 3 5.66 BT 25-30YR 4 7.55 OVER 30 YR 3 5.66 NON-RESIDENT 23 43.40 (Mode of 10 if Non- Residents are TOTAL 53 100.00 included) B2 - Subset HOW LONG HAVE YOU LIVED IN VILLAGE OF OSWEGO? – JUST RESIDENTS ONLY Minimum: 1 Maximum: 9 TOTAL %

LT 1 YEAR 2 6.67 BT 1-3 YR 2 6.67 (Mode of 4 and BT 3-6 YR 3 10.00 Median of 4.700) BT 6-10 YR 7 23.33 BT 10-15YR 5 16.67 BT 15-20YR 1 3.33 BT 20-25YR 3 10.00 BT 25-30YR 4 13.33 OVER 30 YR 3 10.00

TOTAL 30 100.00 67) B3 HOW LONG HAVE YOU HAD A BUSINESS IN THE VILLAGE OF OSWEGO? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 9 TOTAL % LT 1 YEAR 3 5.66 BT 1-3 YEARS 6 11.32 BT 3-6 YEARS 12 22.64 (Mode of 3 and BT 6-10 YRS 10 18.87 Median of 4.050) BT 10-15 YRS 7 13.21 BT 15-20 YRS 2 3.77 BT 20-25 YRS 3 5.66 BT 25-30 YRS 8 15.09 OVER 30 YEAR 2 3.77 TOTAL 53 100.00

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68) B4 PLEASE INDICATE THE TYPE OF BUSINESS YOU CONDUCT IN THE VILLAGE OF OSWEGO? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 9 TOTAL % RETAIL 9 16.98 INDUSTRIAL 1 1.89 COMMERCIAL 4 7.55 SERVICE-FOOD 10 18.87 TECHNOLOGY 1 1.89 PROPERTY-RES 1 1.89 PROFESSIONAL 19 35.85 (Mode of 7) CONSTRUCTION 2 3.77 OTHER BUSINS 6 11.32 TOTAL 53 100.00 69) B5 DOES YOUR BUSINESS OPERATE DURING EVENING HOURS? Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 TOTAL % NO 19 36.54 YES 33 63.46 (Mode of 1) Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00 70) B6 WHAT TYPE OF ZONING DISTRICT IS YOUR BUSINESS LOCATED? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 8 TOTAL % A1-AGRICULTR 0 0.00 B1-NEIGHBORH 14 30.43 B2-SHOPPINGD 15 32.61 (Mode of 3) B3-CMSERV-WS 6 13.04 TU-TRANSITNL 1 2.17 M1-LMT MANUF 4 8.70 M2-GNL MANUF 5 10.87 SPUSE PERMIT 1 2.17 Missing 7 TOTAL 46 100.00

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71) B7 WHAT BUSINESS GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF OSWEGO IS YOUR BUSINESS LOCATED? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 7 TOTAL % DOWNTOWN 10 19.61 WEST-DWNTN 3 5.88 SSWST-DWNTN 5 9.80 E-SE-DWNTN 10 19.61 NE-DWNTN 9 17.65 NNW-DWNTN 13 25.49 (Mode of 6) ALL AREAS 1 1.96 Missing 2 TOTAL 51 100.00 72) B8 AT THE PRESENT, HOW MANY PERSONS DOES YOUR BUSINESS EMPLOY? Minimum: 1 Maximum: 6 TOTAL % BT 1-25 EMPY 50 94.34 (Mode of 1 and BT 26-50 EMP 2 3.77 Median of 1.030) BT 51-75 EMP 0 0.00 BT 76-100EMP 0 0.00 BT100-150EMP 0 0.00 OVER 150 EMP 1 1.89 TOTAL 53 100.00 73) COMMENT PLEASE PROVIDE ANY ADDITIONAL COMMENTS (0=NO COMMENTS, 1=GENERALLY NEGATIVE COMMENTS, 3=MIXED NEG & POSITIVE, AND 4=POSITIVE COMMENTS). Minimum: 0 Maximum: 3 TOTAL % NO COMMENT 44 84.62 (Mode of 0 and NEGATIVE 1 1.92 Median of 0.091) MIXED 2 3.85 POSITIVE 5 9.62 Missing 1 TOTAL 52 100.00