Essays XI & XII Sci & Com

7/31/2019 Essays XI & XII Sci & Com

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EXCELLENCE COACHING NETWORK1 | P a g e

R-1133 Block 20, F.B Area, Karachi.XI & XII English Essays (Sci & Com)

Essay # 1

The Importance of BankingBanks plays a very important role in the economic life of a country. They collect

money from various sources and provide necessary funds to individuals and

government to carry out big projects in the field of industry and commerce. Banks

also gives specialized advice and technical guidance in commercial and industrial

matters. Thus, by mobilizing the savings of the nation, banks put it to productive use.

Again, on the successful functioning of banks, depends the growth of every countrys

economy.

They collect the savings of the masses, which, in the absence of banks, would have

remained scattered and idle. Thus, small amounts are pooled together and then theyare made available to commerce and industry for meeting their requirements.

Modern business and industry requires two ty.pes of capital-short term and long term

capital. The gap between the production and the realization of money is filled by the

supply of short term loans from banks. For long term loans shares are floated. If the

banks may not assist from them with credit, our industry, trade and commerce cannot

expand. In countries like Pakistan where the average income of an individual is very

low, this problem is all the more important. It is only through banks that the

mobilization of capital is possible.

Banks also develop the habit of saving among the people by offering a high rate of

interest. As the banking habit develops, banks get large deposits. This helps effective

supply of money. The economic development of a country in the modern age can be

judged from the efficiency of its banking system. The present day banking system is

quite complex and specialized. It is also extremely powerful and effective. Directly or

indirectly, banks influence and control prices, wages and various other allied field of

economic development.

Our banks also play a vital role maintaining the price level in the country by buying

and selling the bills of exchange. They also provide safe deposits, lockers, facility to

their customer. Thus, banks perform many useful duties and their role in the economy

of every country is very important.

Essay # 2

A Festival or An Event

Prepared By: Sir. Azhar Editing By:Sir. Kashif


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Eid-ul-Fitr is one of the most important festivals of Muslims. This festi val is celebrated

on the 1st of Shawwal according to the Hijra calendar. This is an occasion of great

rejoicing. Actually Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated to thank God for His mercy and kindness

that has enabled us to observe the fasts of Ramzan. That is why, Eid falls just after

the month of Ramzan. As every Muslim is expected to give Fitrana (Alms) before

going out for prayers on this day, the festival as Eid-ul-Fitr.

As Eid-ul-Fitr is a special occasion for thanks giving and merry-making, preparation for

this festival start about a fortnight before the actual date. There is special shopping in

the bazaars, and the shops are well decorated for this purpose. Every Muslim wants

to wear his best dress on Eid, and therefore, the crowds of customers increase as the

festival draws near. Besides cloth, the prices of toys, bangles, perfumery and goods of

general merchandise also increase, and the bazaar get a new look on this occasion.

As soon as the Eid moon is visible in the sky, the rejoicing starts. Children are

extremely happy on this occasion because they get special gifts and pocket-moneyon this particular day.

Early in the morning, on the Eid day, every Muslim starts his preparations. The male

members of the family change their dress and go to Eidgah-some open park or field

where Eid prayersare offered. The women of the hous e sweep and dust the house in

the best way and decorate the rooms as beautifully as possible. Then they prepare

the finest food they can afford.

After Eid prayers people embrace each other with joy and pass Eid greetings to one

another. When they return home from the Eidgah they greet their family memberswith joy and give Eidi (Eid Gifts) to young ones. Friends and relatives go to one

another house to greet. There are swings and toy shops for children at every corner

of the street. Young people too have various kinds of sports to play on this day.

Eid is a fine festival. It carries with it the religious sobriety mixed with rejoicings.

Unlike the festivals of other religions, Muslim festivals are free from all kinds of

immoral customs as drinking or gambling etc.. Islam teaches us to remain within

moral limits even on the occasion of merry-making and festivals. Eid is the best

festival of the year.

Essay # 3

A Journey or a Railway JourneyRailway journey in a third class compartment is a very interesting experience. Last

month I had to travel from Lahore to Kunjah, (District Gujrat). I was going there with a

marriage party. As our journey was partly by train and partly by bus, we started from



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Lahore easily in the morning. Our train was due at Lahore railway station at 6:00 A.M.

so we reached there at about 5:30 A.M.

It was my first experience to travel in a third class compartment. There was hardly

any seat in the compartment, and many of us could not even get a standing place.

We had to remain standing on our foots for about an hour. After, about 20 minutes

halt, our train left the station. The first important station where we stopped for a few

minutes was Gujranwala. Here we purchased sweet lemons and a few packets of

potato chips. Many passengers left the train at this station, and thus all of us were

able to find seating accommodation. There were people from different corners of the

country in our compartment. The Pukhtoons were talking in Pushtoo, while some

villagers from the interior of the Punjab were talking in Punjabi. I found that a rare

gathering of people was travelling in this third class compartment.

On the way we also stopped at Wazirabad for five minutes, and then our train rushed

to Gujrat. Wazirabad and Gujrat are famous for their industrial products, especially inthe field of cutlery and electric fans.

From Gujrat we travelled to Kunjah by bus. The road was extremely dusty and narrow.

It was a painful experience top travel by bus on a Kachcha(Uncertain) road.

Reaching our destination, we took a cold bath and changed our dress. Thus, ended

our long journey. We found that our journey by rail, although in a 3rd class

compartment, was not so tiring and painful as was our journey by bus.

Essay # 4

Advertising-its Merits & DemeritsAdvertisement plays a very important part in modern business and industry. That iswhy, it is becoming more and more technical and scientific every day. to Advertise,comes from a Latin word Advertese means notice. Through the advertisement webring some new thing or idea to the notice of the public. It is an art that requiresgreat skill, tact and wisdom. Tradesman, job seekers, employers, manufacturers,contractors and workmen, all advertise according to their need. Even a smallmanufacturer, who produces a simple household article, spends thousand of rupeeson advertisement. Through advertisement in leading magazines and newspapers hemay attract thousands of people who want to purchase his article. Thus,advertisement saves money that is spent on sending agents to various places.Moreover, it is the most economical and effective way of capturing the market.

It is economical not only for the seller but for buyers. On the one hand advertisementincrease the sale of an article, and on the other, it helps the customer to make hisselection without any additional expenses. Some of the recognized ways ofadvertisement in our age are newspaper, magazines, show-cards, price lists,



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catalogues, and display boards, poster, films, loudspeakers, prize coupons, cross wordpuzzles and hand bills also have their effect. It is also quite common to advertisethrough radio and television. Even airplanes are used for this purpose.

Advertisement has some abuses as well. Some dishonest businessmen cheat simplepeople through their advertisements. Sometimes quite worthless goods have a readymarket only on account of publicity. This sort of advertisement is very injurious.

Therefore, it is the duty of the government and the people to check suchadvertisements and to punish the offenders.

Essay # 5

Horrors of Modern WarsMan is a fighting animal. Perhaps mans very first invention was a simple weapon likea stone tied to a stick. In the Middle Ages more and more deadly methods of massdestruction were invented. Man invented guns for killing his enemy up to a distanceof many miles. These weapons appear almost harmless when compared to the atomand hydrogen bombs of today. These bombs can destroy big cities in the twinkling ofan eye. The atom bomb thrown on the city of Hiroshima (Japan) in 1945 turned it intoruins. Flames rose up to 5000 feet and 80000 people were killed in a few minutes.Even today an armament race is going on between different power blocs and theshadows of a new world war are always hovering over the world.

Wars destroy not only innumerable lives and property but also morals, traditions,culture and civilization of mankind. Tanks and mechanized units cause death and

destruction on land. Civil populations suffer heavy losses, while soldiers fight formonths in the trenches, without even the bare necessities of life. During the FirstWorld War there was food shortage in England, and at a later stage, also in Germany.In war times civil population too has to make great sacrifices. All their savings go tothe war and their economic progress is stopped, because there is a constant dangerof air-raids. In the Sino-Japanese war that ended in 1949 thousands of Chinese werekilled by Jap bombs and many beautiful cities were destroyed. Again, the ruthlesswarfare practiced by Germans in the last war resulted in sinking of thousands ofmerchant and passenger ships.

In wars, thousands of soldiers fighting on the front are arrested. These prisoners ofwar are handled in the cruelest way. Sub-marines, destroyers and battleships areemployed for destructive purposes on the sea. The aerial warfare is still moredestructive. Bombs are dropped from the air, and in a short time railway lines,industrial centres, places of worship, and huge buildings are reduced to ashes.

Modern warfare is a deliberate mass murder because the enemy aims at killing asmany people as possible. The after-effects of wars prove still more deadly. War alsohas a very bad effect on the economy of the country. Hunger, disease, starvation,poverty and misery follow every war, crops are destroyed and the next generation is



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ill-fed and diseased. The poisonous gases of bombs cause strange diseases. As thefinest youth of the nation die in the war, the next generations bred and brought up bycrippled and sickly people. These after-effects of wars are very dangerous. Thus, warsgive mankind nothing but widows, taxes, wooden legs and debts. Civilization begins

a-new after every war and all the achievements of peace are lost in a short time.

Essay # 6

Newspaper/ Role of Newspaper / Media in Educating

PeopleMedia is the source of information and authenticity. They really play their role ineducating the people from every aspects i.e. entertainment, Education, Sports etc..

the most reliable source of being informed and educated for the public is newspaper.Newspapers speak on behalf of governments as well as the public, and therefore,help a lot to educate the masse. The word news is made up of letters : N.E.W.Swhich stands for North, East, West and South. Thus, a newspapers main function is tocollect news from all the four corners of the world and to spread it in all direction forthe information of the people. Newspapers give us latest news and keep ourknowledge up-to-date. With the arrival of the newspaper early in the morning we areable to know all that has happened in the last twenty-four hours in the world. Thus,newspapers keep us informed about the changing events in our own country as wellas abroad.

The press is also a great mean of expressing public opinion. Sometimes, when people

have some trouble with the local body, or the government, newspapers act asspokesmen for them and fight for public rights and liberties. On the one hand theycriticize government policies, and on the other, they do a lot of work to form publicopinion. As most of the people are not in a position to form independent opinionabout current happenings in the country, newspapers help them in this respect.Specially, the editorials, of newspapers, which are written by capable men, serve as aguide to mould public opinion.

Besides giving us news and making us well-informed, newspapers also satisfy manyother needs of the people. The marriage columns bring in a bride and bridegroomtogether. Those wishing to sell certain articles advertise in the sales columns.

Thus newspaper serves not only the trading community but also other classes ofpeople. Newspapers also have a great educative value. Special articles on differentsubject are published in Sunday editions and thus, we get a lot of material to readon science, art, culture, history, philosophy etc.. through these articles we becomeaware of the latest political thoughts, new experiments and scientific discoveries.

Newspapers works like a double-edged weapon, and cut on both sides. Although theyare doing a great service in educating the masses, yet they are not entirely free from



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defects. Sometimes they cause a great harm by publishing wrong news or by creatingpanic in the country for their own interest.

Thus newspapers cause a lot of harm as well. But a good newspaper is one which

presents both the sides of a problem, leaving the conclusion to the reader. It should,however, have the courage to tell the truth even in the face of risks and difficulties. Itis only then that our press can serve the public in the right way.

Essay # 7

Technical Education or Importance of Technical Education

Technical education aims at training an individual in some particular branch of

knowledge or trade, and as such, its scope is limited. It does not claim to effect an allround development of personality as liberal education does, but it enables one toearn his livelihood in a respectable manner. A carpenters skill can help him inearning his daily bread, while a philosophers intellectualism may bring him no suchgain. This shows the importance of technical education in the life of an individual aswell a nation.

We live in the machine age. It is an age when strength and power mean nothing butmechanization. A strong army today means a highly mechanized army. Productiveagriculture means cultivation carried out by means of machines. Therefore, in orderto keep pace with strong and progressive nations of the world, it is necessary tomechanize our country. The progress of a nation today depends on her industry and

mechanized agriculture, without which a solid economy will not be possible. Even indefense matter we cannot depend merely on physical strength. What is theimportance of a poorly armed division in the face of a bomb or a machine gun? Thus,strong defense needs scientific equipment and mechanized divisions, as the skilledhands are needed to control a mechanized world. Moreover, it is only throughtechnical education that we may solve the problem of unemployment in Pakistan.

Technical education claims the attention of all people, both on individual as well asnational grounds. A doctor or engineer may not be superior to a thinker, but hispractical contribution to the national cause needs recognition. Therefore, aprogressive country is bound to have a large number of technically trained and skilledmen. If we may survey the progress of technical education in our country, we findthat we are lagging far behind the advanced nations of the world. We have very fewtechnical institutions and even those which we have, are not within the reach ofstudents with small means.

It is only then that we may have the required number of trained hands to meet ourdemand. If this is done, we may hope to become one of the most progressive nationsof the world.



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Essay # 8

Traffic Problems / Hazards in Big CitiesWith the increase of population the problem of traffic control has become evry acutein almost all the big cities of Pakistan. The increased pressure of traffic has alsoincreased the number of traffic accidents and our roads are growing dangerous dayby day. Unfortunately we have little road-sense, and perhaps, no respect for thetraffic rules. This fact has also added to road mis-haps. Therefore, this is the duty ofevery citizen to think over the causes of traffic accidents and to help theadministration in solving the problem of traffic control.

No doubt, bad roads are the main cause of traffic accidents. Almost all the big roadsof our cities were built when the traffic was very light. But after the creation of

Pakistan the population of these cities increased with a great speed. As our roads arevery narrow for a traffic which is almost double their capacity, accidents have becomevery common. Another cause of traffic accidents is rash and reckless driving of trucksand other heavy vehicles. Sometimes technical defects in the machinery also causeaccidents, and many lives are lost.

All these causes of road accidents must be checked by good administration andcareful planning. If we want to solve the problem of traffic accidents in our cities, weshould see that our roads are widened and re-surfaced as soon as possible. Moreover,one way traffic should be introduced on all the main roads of our towns becausethis system decreases the chances of road accidents. Rules of traffic signals shouldbe taught with the help of radio, cinema, newspaper and televisions. Our traffic police

should also keep a regular check on the speed of motor vehicles, and License Issuingand Regulatory Department should be a bit stricter while issuing driving licenses.

Some people believe that at present the punishment for road accidents is not assevere as it should be. Therefore, they suggest, the laws regarding traffic offencesshould also be reviewed and amended. This step would make the drivers morecareful. To conclude, traffic accidents have become a social problem, and therefore,call for proper steps is mandatory.


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Essays XI & XII Sci & Com