Chemical Bonding

Matter and Mass Anything that a mass

and takes up space has matter.

The mass of an object is how much matter you have.

Mass is different than weight. Your mass at one particular moment does not change based on location. Weight is due to gravity and changes.

Atoms An atom is a basic unit of

matter that consists of a nucleus and electron cloud.

An element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its number of protons

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons found inside the nucleus of an element

Structure of an atom The nucleus is a dense

region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of the atom

Proton are positive particles

Neutron are neutral particles

Electrons are very small negative particles found in the electron cloud. They are placed into orbitals.

Mass of an Atom When the number of

protons and neutrons in an atom of an element is massed, it is the mass number.

Some atoms of the same element have a different number of neutrons, therefore having a different mass. (Ex: C12 and C14) This type of atom is called an isotope.

Bonding A chemical bond is an

attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances consisting of two or more atoms. Each has a completed orbital.

A compound is a pure chemical substance that is composed of two or more different chemical elements. Ex: H2O

Covalent Bond A bond formed when two or more atoms share

electrons to have a completed outer shell. The finished product is electrically neutral.

Covalent bonds form molecules.

Ionic Bond One atom gives away one or two electrons to

have a full outer shell and becomes a positive ion, cation.

A second atom receives one or two electrons to fill the outer shell and becomes a negative ion, anion.

The two ions are now electrically attracted.