Matter – Properties and Changes

8/31/2009

MATTER• Properties of Matter• Matter Anything that has mass and volume• Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an

object• Substance• Matter that has a uniform and definite composition• Pure substances only contain 1 kind of matter

• Physical Property• Quality or condition of a substance that can

be observed or measured without changing the substances composition.

• Examples• Color / Odor• Solubility• Hardness• Density• Melting point• Boiling point

• States of Matter• Solids• Has definite shape and definite volume• Incompressible, cannot be squashed into

smaller volume• Expand only slightly when heated

• Liquids• Has no definite shape, but has a definite volume• Can flow, (Viscosity - resistance to flow of a liquid)

will take the shape of the container• Incompressible, but they expand when heated• Gases • Has no definite shape and no definite volume• Particles are spaced far apart, take the shape of the

container• Gases are easily compressed

• Particles are spaced far apart, take the shape of the container

• Gases are easily compressed• Physical changes• Changes that do not alter the chemical composition

or phase changes• Examples of phase changes or states

– Boil - liquid to a gas– Freeze - liquid to a solid– Condensation - gas to a liquid– Sublimation - solid to a gas– Grind/crush - make big pieces smaller

– MIXTURES• Physical blend of 2 or more pure substances• 2 types of mixtures

• Heterogeneous mixture• not uniform in composition• example would be a dinner salad• Homogenous mixture• completely uniform in composition• components are evenly distributed• example is salt water

• C. Solutions Homogeneous mixtures with uniform composition• Can be solids liquids, or gases• All portions have the same mixture• Are in single phase whereas heterogeneous are in 2

phases• Common types of Solutions

•  System Examples

Gas-gas Carbon dioxide and oxygen in nitrogen (air)

Liquid-gas Water vapor in air (moist air)

Gas-liquid Carbon dioxide in water (soda water)

Liquid-liquid Acetic acid in water (vinegar)

Solid-liquid Sodium chloride in water

Solid-solid Copper in solver(sterling silver, an alloy)

• D. Separating Mixtures Can be separated by simple physical means• Filtration- technique that uses a porous barrier to separate

solid from a liquid Distillation-separation technique that is based on differences

in boil Points of the substances involved

• Crystallization-separation technique that results in the formation of pure particles of a substance from a solution containing dissolved substances

• Chromatography-technique that separates the components of a mixture (the traveling phase) on the basis of the tendency of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material (called the stationary phase).

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