Matter and ChangeMatter and Change

Unit 2Unit 2

MatterMatter

MatterMatter- anything that takes up space & has mass- anything that takes up space & has mass Properties of Matter (Substance)Properties of Matter (Substance)

MassMass: amount of matter an object contains: amount of matter an object contains

Physical propertyPhysical property: quality of a substance that can be : quality of a substance that can be seen or measured without changing the substance’s seen or measured without changing the substance’s composition, can be used t o identify a substance.composition, can be used t o identify a substance.

ColorColor DensityDensity Solubility (ability to dissolve)Solubility (ability to dissolve) Melting point Melting point OdorOdor Boiling pointBoiling point HardnessHardness

Physical Properties of Matter- Physical Properties of Matter- States of MatterStates of Matter

SolidSolid: : matter that has definite matter that has definite

volume & shape volume & shape Particles Particles vibratevibrate

around a fixed positionaround a fixed position

LiquidLiquid: : matter that flows matter that flows has definite volume, not has definite volume, not

shapeshape

GasGas: : matter that has no definite matter that has no definite

volume or shape, takes the volume or shape, takes the shape & volume of its shape & volume of its containercontainer

Moves freely and randomlyMoves freely and randomly

PlasmaPlasma: : high temperature state high temperature state

where the electrons are where the electrons are pulled away from the pulled away from the nucleus of the atom, called nucleus of the atom, called ionized gasionized gas

Moves freely and randomlyMoves freely and randomly

States of Matter- What state of matter States of Matter- What state of matter is represented by each picture?is represented by each picture?

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

A change in matter that does NOT change the A change in matter that does NOT change the composition of the substancecomposition of the substanceMelting/ FreezingMelting/ FreezingBoiling/ CondensingBoiling/ Condensing

CHANGING STATES OFCHANGING STATES OF

MATTER IS A PHYSICALMATTER IS A PHYSICAL

CHANGE!!!CHANGE!!!DissolvingDissolvingBreak/ Cut/ TearBreak/ Cut/ TearGrind/ CrushGrind/ Crush

Chemical ChangeChemical Change

A change in which one or more A change in which one or more substances is changed into a different substances is changed into a different substance, something new is formed.substance, something new is formed.

A A chemical reactionchemical reaction

ExamplesExamples

Burn/ explodeBurn/ explodeRot/ decomposeRot/ decomposeFermentFermentDigestDigestCorrode/ rustCorrode/ rust

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Ability of a substance to undergo a Ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction and form something chemical reaction and form something new new Flammability/ ImmflamabilityFlammability/ ImmflamabilityReactivityReactivityOxidationOxidationAcidity/ BasicityAcidity/ Basicity

MixturesMixtures: physical blend of 2 or : physical blend of 2 or more substancesmore substances

Heterogeneous Heterogeneous mixturemixture: not uniform : not uniform in composition, can in composition, can easily distinguish easily distinguish separate componentsseparate components

Homogeneous Homogeneous mixturemixture: uniform in : uniform in composition, cannot composition, cannot see each separate see each separate componentcomponent

Solutions: Some Terms to KnowSolutions: Some Terms to Know

SoluteSolute: the stuff that gets dissolved: the stuff that gets dissolvedSolventSolvent: the stuff doing the dissolving: the stuff doing the dissolving

Another Name for Homogeneous Another Name for Homogeneous Mixture Mixture → Solutions→ Solutions

Types of Solutions (solute-solvent)Types of Solutions (solute-solvent)Gas-Gas: air (COGas-Gas: air (CO22 in N in N22))Liquid-Gas: water vapor in airLiquid-Gas: water vapor in airGas-Liquid: COGas-Liquid: CO22 in soda in sodaLiquid-Liquid: vinegar (acetic acid in water)Liquid-Liquid: vinegar (acetic acid in water)Solid-Liquid: salt waterSolid-Liquid: salt waterSolid-Solid: sterling silver (copper in silver)Solid-Solid: sterling silver (copper in silver)

Separating a MixtureSeparating a Mixture

1. Physically 1. Physically removing piecesremoving pieces

Separating a MixtureSeparating a Mixture

DistillationDistillation: a liquid is : a liquid is boiled to produce a boiled to produce a vapor that is then vapor that is then condensed again to a condensed again to a liquid. Based on a liquid. Based on a mixture of 2 liquids mixture of 2 liquids that have different that have different boiling points.boiling points.

Separating a MixtureSeparating a Mixture

ChromatographyChromatography: : used to separate a used to separate a mixture in which the mixture in which the components or components or pigments are 2 or pigments are 2 or more different colors.more different colors.